2016
All 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the following
species need to be FSQA Certified
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Beef
Dairy Cattle
Goats (Dairy & Meat)
Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Duck, Geese, etc)
Rabbits
Sheep
Swine
 Junior members, grades 4 – 6, need to come every year.
 Intermediates, grades 7 – 9
 Seniors, grades 10 - 12
 Intermediate and Senior members can attend an annual
training or take the test-out option
• Intermediates and Seniors may test out of
attending yearly FSQA sessions.
• To do so – they must take a 20 (Int.) or 30 (Sr.)
question exam and receive a 70% passing score.
• At one setting, they may take a different exam 3
times if necessary to pass.
• Check with your county extension office for the
testing dates / times and for any specific
requirements for testing out.
 Iowa 4-H Food Safety & Quality Assurance
Member Manual & Website
 http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/FSQA.htm
 Youth PQA Plus Website
 http://www.pork.org/Certification/21/youthPqaPlus.aspx
 Iowa Beef Quality Assurance Website
 http://www.iabeef.org/Content/bqa.aspx
 4-H Livestock Projects Website
 http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/
Survey of Americans:
• 9 out of 10
• In favor of additional food safety measures
• COOL implementation
• 64% believe imported foods are often or sometimes
unsafe
• 58% worry about bacterial contamination of the food
supply
Pew-commissioned poll – Hart Research and Public Opinion
Who is responsible for safe food?
• Producers
• Handlers
• Processors
• Food Suppliers
• Consumers
Who Cares About FSQA?
• 17 million pounds of meat produced by Iowa
•
•
•
•
4-H’ers each year
Reputation of the 4-H program
4-H’ers need to be responsible to the
consumer and the food industry.
Industry requirements must be met and
maintained.
Many 4-H’ers are further away from
traditional food animal production.
• Understand and follow the seven Good Production
Practices (GPP’s)
• Produce safe food products for consumers
Good Production Practices
Healthy Animals
Safe Food
 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
 regulates medicated animal feeds and most animal
health products
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
 sets tolerance levels for pesticides used in food
production
 Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)
 inspects all livestock at federally inspected packing
plants and examines plant sanitation
• A system used in
 Hazard
 Analysis and
Critical
Control
Points
meat packing plants
to prevent food
safety problems
• Regulated by the
USDA Food Safety
and Inspection
Service (FSIS)
Hazards can be identified as:
 Microbial contamination
• Bacteria, virus, protozoa
 Chemical Hazards
• Antimicrobial and chemical tissue residues
 Physical Hazards
• Broken needles or metal
 Identify the risks
 Identify potential hazards (risks)
 Identify critical control points
 Plan the prevention
 Set a critical limit
 Monitor the process
 Plan corrective action
 Monitor the progress
 Keep accurate records
 Review the process regularly
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Keep accurate records
Veterinary relationship & drug usage
Healthy production practices
Proper care and handling
Feed and Feed Additives
Biosecurity and Animal Welfare
Exhibit strong character traits (ethics)
• GPP 5 – Feed & Feed Additives
• GPP 6 – Biosecurity and Animal Welfare
• GPP 7 – Ethics
GPP #5
Feed & Feed Additives
Goal:
Most economical conversion of nutrients into lean
(muscle) tissue growth or milk production while
maintaining animal well-being and increasing the
quality of the animal as well as protecting the
surrounding environment
Monogastric (Simple Stomach)
 Consumes diets high in energy & low in fiber
– ex: cereal grains (corn, barley, oats, wheat)
and high protein sources such as soybean
meal, fish meal, etc.
Ruminant (Four compartments to the
Stomach)
 Consumes diets low in energy and high in
fiber – ex: Forages such as pasture, hay, corn
and alfalfa silage, etc.
Handout - “Digestive
Tract of Farm Animals”
Monogastric Monogastric Monogastric
Ruminants
Swine
Poultry
Rabbit & Horse
Beef & Dairy Cattle,
Sheep and Goats
Mouth
Mouth
Mouth
Mouth
Esophagus
Esophagus
Esophagus
Esophagus
Crop
Stomach
Stomach
Stomach
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
Small Intestine
Small Intestine
Small Intestine
Small Intestine
Cecum
Ceca
Cecum (enlarged)
Cecum
Colon
Colon
Large Intestine
Large Intestine
Large Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
Cloaca
Anus
Anus
Chicken
Beak
Esophagus
Crop (2”)
Small Intestine (55”)
Proventriculus
Gizzard (2”)
Pancreas
Ceca (7”)
Large Intestine (4”)
Cloaca
Pig
______________
______________
Stomach
(2 gal)
_____________
Large Intestine
(16’, 2 gal)
Esophagus
Mouth
Cecum
(10”, 0.5 gal)
Small intestine
(60’, 2.5 gal)
Human
Pig
Horse
Sheep
Cattle
165
400
1000
175
1275
Rumen, Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum
Total stomach.
Qt.
…
…
1
1
…
…
9
9
…
…
9
9
18
1
2
21
133
21
16
170
Small intestine
Cecum
Large intestine
Total GI – Quarts
Total GI - Gallons
4
…
1
6
1.5
10
1
10
30
7.5
29
15
43
96
24
6
1
3
31
7.75
69
11
27
277
69
Body Weight, lbs.
• Energy (Carbohydrates & Essential Fatty Acids)
 Corn, Barley, Wheat, Cereal by-products, Fat
• Protein & Amino Acids
 Soybean Meal, Fish Meal, Grains, etc.
• Minerals
 Limestone, Dicalcium Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, etc.
• Vitamins
 Vitamin A, D, E
• Water
Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid
• Read and retain feed labels
• Understand the nutrient needs of the animal
• Provide a balanced ration
• Ensure feed quality and safety
• Follow Good Manufacturing Practices
• A type of poison produced by mold
• Found in corn due to very wet weather during
the harvest season
• Animals (mainly pigs) will not eat
the feed
• Low performance/weight gain
• May want to test a feed sample to see if
mycotoxins are present
Feed labels must contain…
• Brand and/or product name
• Intended species and production phase
• Medicated
• Guaranteed Analysis
• Ingredients
• Feeding Directions or Mixing Directions
• Warning or Caution
• Manufacturer’s name and address
• Net Weight
Handout – “Feed Tag Information”
• The most important nutrient that you can give to your
animal
• Water constitutes ~ 60 -70 % of an animal’s live weight
• An animal can live ~ 45 – 60 days without food but
only ~ 3 – 7 days without water
• Water quality and quantity will affect feed consumption
and animal health
• Therefore, if you want maximum gain or production from
your animals water quality and quantity must be
considered.
• Think about the Derby contests; Milk production; Animal
growth for the fair
• Are you monitoring your water supply? Has it been tested?
• Antibacterial agents
• Medications used to improve health and performance
• FDA approved
• Antibiotics
• Growth modulators
 Compound that alters nutrient use in animal
 Ractopamine hydrochloride (Elanco Animal Health)
sends energy into muscle growth instead of fat
o
o
PAYLEAN - Swine
OPTAFLEXX- Cattle
• Probiotics
 Living bacteria or yeast to enhance digestive tract
 Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Bacillus
Handout – “Producing Safe Foods Includes No
Residue in Show Animals”
Handout – “Paylean and Optaflex Labels”
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/page/fsqa-food-safety-quality-assurance
Certain Feed Additives for Certain Animals
• Paylean and Optaflexx NOT approved for sheep
• Be certain that what you are feeding is approved for your
animal
• Talk to your vet
•
•
•
•
•
Grinding
Pelleting
Flaking
Extruding
Roasting
• Grinding
– Increases surface area to improve digestion
– Corn, barley, wheat, hay
• Pelleting





Finely ground material, steamed and extruded
Reduces waste and dust in feed
Reduces animal sorting
More costly
Increases feed efficiency – less feed per lb. of gain
• Extruding
 Usually done to individual ingredients of ration
 Dog food
 Ground material forced through a die under pressure
• Roasting
 Soybeans contain anti-nutritional factor that must be
heated to inactivate it before feeding to swine
• Identify feed
• Keep storage area clean
• Number or label bins
• Inspect steel bins for leaks, mold
• Control rodents
• Clean up spills
• Do not store near chemicals
• Limit feeding
 Feed animals once per day
 Or feed twice per day
• Self feeding
 Feed remains in bunk / feeders at all time for animal
consumption
• Provide enough feeder space
• Keep equipment in good repair
• Avoid spills to control rodents
• Adjust feeders to reduce waste
• Monitor feeders daily to be sure feed is available
• Adjust feeding amount daily so leftovers don’t spoil
• Watch for sorting…indicates quality problems
• Plenty of water
• Clean waters frequently
• Clean feed system after using medicated feeds
• Clean and disinfect feed and water equipment
between groups
• Buildings and grounds

Clean, neat and pest free
• Equipment

Accurate, well maintained, cleanable
• Work space and storage areas

Separated to prevent contamination
• Product quality assurance

Cleanout procedures to prevent contamination & carryover
• Labeling

Label all medications, retain labels, store separately
• Recordkeeping
 Include delivery date, method, carrier, record medications, retain for at
least one year after feed is used, store samples for 6 months
Keep all feed labels for one year
1997—FDA banned feeding restricted mammalian
proteins from rendered animals to ruminant
animals (meat, bone meal)
This is the documentation 4-H’ers sign before selling
their animals.
GPP #6
Biosecurity & Animal Welfare
• Vectors
• Direct contact
• Excretions
 Manure
 Urine
 Nasal fluids
 Aerosol fluids
First line of defense….SEGREGATION
Keep Sick Animals Away From Healthy Animals
Potential Contact of a Disease Spread after a
Simulated Terrorist Attack at 5 Locations
NOTE: This is a simulation of how a disease could spread through contacted animals.
21
17
22
2
9
8
7
20
19
18
16
15
14
13
12
11
23
60
5
4
3
30
Day 1
States Infected:
40
30
35
39
38
37
15
19
33
27
23
5
12
Day 5 Disease First Detected
Potential Impact:
Even if a national “Stop Movement” of all susceptible animals is ordered on Day 8,
by the time the disease is eradicated the nation would lose 23.6 million animals!
• PCVAD (circovirus)
• Mange / lice
• Worms (roundworm)
• Dysentery
• Pseudorabies
• Foot and Mouth
• Brucellosis
• Anthrax
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Clostridial
Leptospirosis
Coliform diseases (E Coli)
Salmonella
Club Lamb Fungus
Newcastle disease
West Nile Fever
• External - Reduce disease spread risk from
outside the farm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Unit location and maintenance
Transportation Controls
Isolation, acclimatization, and retesting
Visitor entry policies
Limit traffic of people and vehicles
Boot cleaning and disinfecting
• Diseases spread by wind, machines
• Control rodents, wildlife, birds
 Clean up around buildings
 Mowing
 Keep doors closed
 Fix cracks and screen holes
 Clean up spilled feed
 Bait
• Clean and disinfect trailers
• Give drivers disposable boots
• Do not allow animals to get back off the truck
• Keep feed trucks out of animal areas
• Limit visitors
• Farm boots vs. town boots
• Keep all new animals away from other animals (30 days)
 If entering animals are coming down with a disease, they
will show symptoms soon
 If the originating farm develops a disease after the animals
leave, they could be exposed
 Isolate after livestock shows
• Identify production areas with signs
• Some facilities require signing a book
• Generally 24 – 72 hours from livestock to enter
•
•
•
•
another livestock facility
7-days required if visitor from a foreign country
Give disposable boots
Wash hands before and after entry
May require shower in – shower out
Internal - Reduce disease spread within the herd
• Cleaning and Disinfecting
 Remove manure
 Disinfect pens between groups
• Develop a biosecurity plan
 Vaccination vs. immunization
 Herd examination with veterinarian
 Utilize diagnostic tests
 Routine post-mortems
 Harvest checks
 Review records regularly
Activity Guide p.93 - “Black Light Demo of Disease Spread”
Handout- “Bio-Security and Fairs – What You Need to Know”
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4hfiles/agriculture/lhgenbiosecurity.pdf
Hot
Topic
 Facility Cleanliness & Animal Protection
 Important at home AND at the show
 Possible rules on exhibitions
 Limiting contact of people and animals
 Limiting # of days animals can be at a fair
 Encourage fairgoers to wash hands
 Education of the public and animal rights groups
• Animal Welfare – is a human responsibility that
encompasses all aspects of animal well-being, including
proper housing, management, disease prevention and
treatment, responsible care, humane handling, and when
necessary, humane euthanasia.
• Animal Rights – is a philosophical view that animals have
rights similar or the same as humans.
 True animal rights proponents believe that humans do not have the
right to use animals at all.
 Animal rights proponents wish to ban all use of animals by humans.
• National Pork Board – Youth PQA Plus
• Animal Welfare Institute (AWI)
• American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals (ASPCA)
• Animal Protection Institute (API)
• “Numerous other groups”
• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)
• Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)
• Animal Liberation Front (ALF)
• Farm Sanctuary
• Farm Animal Reform Movement (FARM)
• “Numerous other groups”
• Health of Animal – Valid Veterinarian-Client•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Patient Relationship (VCPR)
Proper pen space
Receiving adequate water and feed
Temperature and housing environment
Proper nutrition
Proper animal handling
Proper and timely animal euthanasia
NO WILLFUL ACTS OF ABUSE TO ANIMALS !
GPP #7
Exhibit Good Ethics
• Ethics is the demonstration of good character traits.
(Caring, Respect, Trustworthiness, Fairness,
Responsibility, Citizenship)
• Knowing and doing the right thing.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Caring - showing concern for others
Respect - treating others the way you want to be treated
Trustworthiness - don’t lie, cheat, be dishonest
Fairness - play by the rules, listening
Responsibility - be accountable for your actions
Citizenship - helping others and obeying rules
Handout – “Iowa Youth Code
of Ethics – Sample copy”
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4hfiles/agriculture/lhethicscode.pdf
• Refer to the Iowa Code of Ethics Handout
• Do you know what is in the Iowa Code of Ethics
that you have signed?
• Not only deals with how you treat your animal
• But, also how you act and present yourself
• What previously discussed items done in an
unethical manner could affect food safety to the
consumer ?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
When Tommy was 8 years old, his father registered a lamb born December 24 as being
born on January 2. His father said to Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
When Tommy was 9 years old, his father bred the family’s flock of purebred ewes with a
ram of another breed and registered the lambs as purebreds. His father said to Tommy,
“It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
When Tommy was 10 years old, his 4-H leader and county agent tagged and weighed
newly purchased lambs a month after the ownership deadline. They both told him,
“It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
When Tommy was 11 years old, his parents bought him a registered ewe to show at the
county fair and changed the ear tag to their own flock tag. His parents said, “It’s O.K.
kid, everybody does it.”
When Tommy was 12 years old, his grandparents bought him a show lamb and left it
with the breeder who fed and fit the lamb until the day before the county fair. The
breeder and his grandparents said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
When Tommy was 13 years old, his veterinarian issued health papers for sheep he never
inspected and that had foot rot and lamb fungus. He said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody
does it.”
When Tommy was 14 years old, his neighbor used and electric animal prod on his
lambs to get them to brace. He told Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
When Tommy was 15 years old and after winning the Grand Champion Market Lamb at
the county fair, he saw his dad having a beer with the judge and paying the judge $200
for making his son’s lamb champion. The judge and his father said, “It’s O.K. kid,
everybody does it.”
•
When Tommy was 16 years old, his FFA advisory falsified the numbers on Tommy’s
winning sheep proficiency award entry. His advisor said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does
it.”
•
When Tommy was 17 years old, his uncle used Lasix on his market lamb at the state fair
to make it weigh into a lighter class. The uncle told Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody
does it.”
•
When Tommy was 18 years old, his older brother pumped the loin of his lamb at a
national sheep show. His brother said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
•
When Tommy was 19 years old, his entire family was aware of the clenbuterol being
given to his market lambs. They told him, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
•
When Tommy was 20 years old, a friend offered him some cocaine. His friend said, “It’s
O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
•
When Tommy was arrested later that night for using cocaine and called his family to
ask them to bail him out of jail, they told him, “How could you have brought such
disgrace to your family, you never learned any of this at home, where did you go
wrong?” After hearing of his arrest, Tommy’s 4-H leader, FFA advisor, county agent,
grandparents, uncle, veterinarian, and neighbors were also shocked.
•
If there is one thing the adult world can’t stand, it’s a kid that breaks the rules….
•
Sometimes the best way to correct a child, is to correct the example that is being set
Scenario/Activity
#1
Steer
Scenario
• Your steer just isn’t walking right at the State Fair; he
seems tight off his back legs
• You think he could do really well in the show, so you
and your Dad decide to give him some Banamine to
loosen him up
• You know Banamine isn’t really legal but you’ve
heard others have used it and it works really good
• No one will even know; there are 300 steers here and
you’re just taking him home anyway if he doesn’t win
Result
• Your steer got 5th in his class so you’re just going to
send him on the truck to the packer (Tyson)
• The packer does some drug testing on the animals
from the fair and finds Banamine present in an
animal
• Tyson notifies the fair of the result and states they
will no longer buy 4-H animals since they cannot let
the meat enter the grocery store
Now What??
• Since you have violated the Code of Ethics by giving
an unauthorized drug to your animal, you have been
banned from showing for 2 years, your friends can’t
sell their animals, and you’ve endangered the food
supply
• Tyson’s export markets to Japan have been shut
down due to the positive test and cattle prices fall
since we now have more meat than we can sell
• You may be one in a million, but a million can be
affected by one
Scenario/Activity
#2
Rabbit
Scenario
• You’re exhibiting your rabbit at the county fair and you see a
tremendous one that your friend brought and wins Grand
Champion with
• Your friend is not going to the State Fair so you ask if you can
“borrow” it to exhibit since rabbits don’t have to be ID’ed or
anything really
• Your friend agrees reluctantly, but decides to let you show it
at the State Fair
• The rabbit wins Grand Champion at the State Fair as well and
you’re ecstatic!!
Result
• You joke to another 4-H’er that this isn’t really even
your rabbit, but your friend’s that you’re borrowing
• Show officials hear of the incident and now will have
a new rule next year that all rabbits be tattooed and
maybe ear tagged by May 15th
• With all the hassle now to enter the State Fair, show
numbers dwindle and the rabbit show is cancelled
• Think before you act, and DO THE RIGHT THING!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Keep accurate records
Establish a Veterinary Client Patient
Relationship
Follow healthy production practices
Provide proper care and handling
Provide adequate and safe feed
Maintain biosecurity and good animal welfare
Exhibit strong character traits (ethics)
Thanks for Attending!!