Dewey Decimal Classification System Lecture 1 Bair-Mundy Melvil Dewey 1851-1931 • Librarian at Amherst College when he developed the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system • A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library published in 1876 • Original was 44 pages long DDC today Four volumes Published every 8 years Online version updated frequently Responsive to customer needs Four volumes of DDC 22 Manual + Tables Schedules Relative Index Two features introduced by Dewey • Relative location - Dewey system numbers books in terms of their relation to one another without regard to the shelves or rooms where they are placed 000 999 • Relative index - Brings together under one term the locations in the scheme of a subject which falls in several fields of study Two ways to find a number in the schedules Summaries Front of schedules (Volume 2) Ten main classes Hundred divisions Thousand sections Relative index Last volume (Volume 4) Relates subjects to disciplines The Dewey Decimal System • Advantage: Orderly, hierarchical system that organizes the universe of knowledge • Disadvantage: Based on the decimal system. The real world isn’t neatly divided into tens (e.g. periodical table) Francis Bacon W.T. Harris Philosophy (Reason) Science Philosophy Religion Soc. & Pol. Sci. Natural Sci. Art Fine arts Poetry Pure fiction Literary misc. History Geography & Travel (Inverted) Poesy (Imagination) History (Memory) Dewey Science Philosophy Religion Sociology Science Art Fine arts Literature History Geography & Travel Summaries First summary The Ten Main Classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography Ten main classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science The first digit in the number indicates the main 600 class.Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 ZerosLiterature are used to fill out the notation to the 900 History & geography minimum required length of digits. Ten main classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography Ten main classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology Includes Library and 700 Arts &020 recreation 800 Literature information sciences 900 History & geography Second summary The Hundred Divisions 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems 010 020 030 040 050 060 [040] 070 080 090 Bibliographies Library & information sciences Encyclopedias & books of facts [Unassigned] Magazines, journals & serials Associations, organizations & [Unassigned] museums recently used&inpublishing Edition 16 NewsMost media, journalism Quotations Manuscripts & rare books Second summary The Hundred Divisions 200 Religion 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 Philosophy & theory of religion The Bible Christianity & Christian theology Christian practice & observance Christian pastoral practice & religious orders Christian organization, social work & worship History of Christianity Christian denominations Other religions Second summary The Hundred Divisions 500 Science 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 Mathematics Astronomy Physics Chemistry Earth sciences & geology Fossils & prehistoric life Life sciences; biology Plants (Botany) Animals (Zoology) Second summary The Hundred Divisions Dual heading 570 Life sciences; biology Subordinate topic forms main part of the disciplinary area Second summary The Hundred Divisions 500 Science 510 Mathematics 520 Astronomy 530 Physics 540 Chemistry 550 Earth sciences & geology 530 Physics 560 Fossils & prehistoric life 570 Life sciences; biology 5805 =Plants Science(Botany) 3 = Physics 590 Animals (Zoology) Second summary The Hundred Divisions 600 Technology 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 Medicine & health Engineering Agriculture Home & family management Management & public relations Chemical engineering Manufacturing Manufacture for specific uses Building & construction Second summary The Hundred Divisions 900 History 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 Geography & travel Biography & genealogy History of ancient world (to ca. 499) History of Europe History of Asia History of Africa History of North America History of South America History of other areas Third summary The Thousand Sections 020 Library & information sciences [024]Library [Unassigned] 021 relationships 022 Administration of physical plant Most recently used in Edition 18 023 Personnel management 024 [Unassigned] 025 Library operations 026 Libraries for specific subjects [029] [Unassigned] 027 General libraries 028 Reading & use of other information Most recently used in Edition 18 media 029 [Unassigned] Third summary The Thousand Sections 530 Physics 531 Classical mechanics; solid mechanics 532 Fluid mechanics; liquid mechanics 533 Gas mechanics 534 Sound & related vibrations 535 Light & infrared & ultraviolet phenomena 536 534Heat Sound & related vibrations 537 Electricity & electronics 4 = Sound 538 Magnetism = Physics 539 Modern3physics 5 = Science Move to applied sciences 600 600 Technology (Applied sciences) See also 303.483 for technology as a cause of cultural change… 601 602 603 604 605 … SUMMARY Philosophy and theory Miscellany Dictionaries, encyclopedias… Technical drawing, hazardous materials technology, history… Serial publications 600 600 Technology (Applied sciences) See also 303.483 for technology as a cause of cultural change… 601 602 603 604 605 … SUMMARY Philosophy and theory Miscellany Dictionaries, encyclopedias… Technical drawing, hazardous materials technology, history… Serial publications 630 Dewey Decimal Classification 630 630 Agriculture and related technologies Standard subdivisions are added for agriculture and related technologies together, for agriculture alone Class here interdisciplinary works on plants of agricultural importance…farming… SUMMARY 630.1-.9 Standard subdivisions 631 Specific technologies; apparatus… .2 Agricultural structures .3 Tools, machinery, apparatus… .4 Soil science .5 Cultivation and harvesting 630 [.15] Dewey Decimal Classification 630 Scientific principles Do not use; class in 630.21-630.29 .2 Miscellany and scientific principles .201 Tabulated, illustrative, related materials; humorous treatment; audiovisual treatment [ ] Square brackets meanrelated .201 1-.201 2 Tabulated, illustrative, materials "Do not use" 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment, materials Topics common to plant and animal husbandry or limited to plant culture Class comprehensive works on apparatus, equipment, materials used in a specific auxiliary technique or procedure in 630.208, e.g., computers 630.2085 For plant injuries, diseases, pests, see 632; for specific techniques, apparatus, equipment, materials for specific plant crops, see 633-635; … 621 .93 Engineering and allied operations 621 Cutting, disassembling, sawing tools Including axes, crowbars, scissors, shears, slicers, trimmers 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 631.417 What does this .4 Soil science mean? Class here interdisciplinary works6 on ?soils .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility, acidity, alkalinity Start with our summaries First summary The Ten Main Classes 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 631.417 What does this mean? .4 Soil science 6 Technology Class here interdisciplinary works 63on soils ? .41 Soil chemistry .416 Inorganic chemistry .417 Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility Second summary The Hundred Divisions 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 Technology Medicine & health Engineering Agriculture Home & family management Management & public relations Chemical engineering Manufacturing Manufacture for specific uses Building & construction 631 .4 Agriculture and related technologies 631.417 What does this mean? Soil science 6 Technology .41 .416 .417 .42 631 Class here interdisciplinary 63on soils Agriculture works Soil chemistry 631 ? Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry Soil fertility Third summary The Thousand Sections 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 Agriculture & related technologies Techniques, equipment & materials Plant injuries, diseases, pests Field & plantation crops Orchards, fruits, & forestry Garden crops (Horticulture) Animal husbandry Processing dairy & related products Insect culture Hunting, fishing, & conservation 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 631.417 .4 Soil science 6 Technology Class here interdisciplinary 63 Agriculture 631 Techniques, equipment, works on soils & materials .41 Soil chemistry 631.4 ? .416 .417 Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Including humus Class here soil biochemistry .42 Soil fertility 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry 631.417 .416 Inorganic chemistry 6 Technology 63 chemistry Agriculture .417 Organic 631 Techniques, equipment, Including humus & materials Class here soil biochemistry 631.4 ?Soil science .42 Soil fertility 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .4 Soil science Class here interdisciplinary works on soils .41 Soil chemistry 631.417 .416 Inorganic chemistry 6 Technology .417 Organic 63 chemistry Agriculture 631 Techniques, equipment, Including humus & materials Class 631.4here soil Soilbiochemistry science .42 Soil fertility 631.41 Soil ? chemistry 631 .4 631 6 Technology (applied science) 63 Agriculture and related technologies 631 Specific techniques… materials Soil science 631.4 Soil science Class hereSoil interdisciplinary 631.41 chemistry .41 .416 .417 .42 631.417 Agriculture and related technologies 631.417 works on Organic soils chemistry Soil chemistry Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Including humus 631.417 Class here soil biochemistry Organic chemistry of soils Soil fertility 631 Agriculture and related technologies 631 .53 Plant propagation Class here comprehensive works on plant propagation and nursery practices .531 .532 .533 .534 .535 .536 Propagation from seeds (Sowing) Propagation from bulbs and tubers Propagation from suckers, runners, buds Propagation by layering Propagation from cuttings and slips Transplanting Using the Relative Index Relative Index Persuasion logic political science psychology rhetoric social process 303.342 168 320.014 153.852 808 303.342 100 Philosophy & psychology 300 Social sciences 800 Literature Class numbers (not page numbers) Relative Index Publicity Previous subject Publishers 070.5 biography 070.509 2 business organizations 338.761 070 5 Publishing law occupational ethics 174.907 relations with authors 070.52 Publishers' catalogs 015 Publishing 070.5 accounting 657.84 journalism 070.5 law 343.099 8 Pubs Change to totally new647.95 subject Relative Index Punctuation specific languages 411 T4—11 T4 refers to Table 4 –11 are digits to be appended to a number in the schedule Relative Index Mexicans Mexico Mexico (Mexico) Mexico, Gulf of T5—687 2 972 T2—72 T2—725 2 551.463 4 T2—163 64 Mexico in the twentieth century 972 General history of North America 972 972 Middle America Mexico SUMMARY 972.000 1–.000 9 Standard subdivisions of Middle America .001–.009 Standard subdivisions of Mexico .01–.08 Historical periods of Mexico Mexico in the twentieth century Classifying in Dewey getting started Look up your topic in Relative Index or use the summaries Go to the schedule Check in the hierarchy to make sure the topic is contextually correct Write the number down and follow any additional instructions An illustrated book of farmhouses 631.21 6 Technology 63 Agriculture 631 Specific techniques; apparatus, equipment, materials 631.2 Agricultural structures 631.21 Farm houses The scientific principles of crop rotation 631.582 6 Technology 63 Agriculture 631 Specific techniques… 631.5 Cultivation and harvesting 631.58 Special methods 631.582 Crop rotation How do we add the idea of scientific principles? Four volumes of DDC 21 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions The following notation is never used alone, but may be used as required with any regular schedule number, e.g., workbooks (—07 in this table) in arithmetic (513): 513.076. When adding to a number from the schedules, always insert a decimal point between the third and fourth digits of the complete number. T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 SUMMARY —01 —02 —03 —04 —05 —06 —07 —08 —09 Philosophy and theory Miscellany Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances Special topics Serial publications Organizations and management Education, research, related topics History and description with respect to kinds of persons Historical, geographic, persons treatment T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions —01 The T1 Philosophy and theory Class here methodology, schools of thought Class interdisciplinary works scientific principles ofoncrop philosophy in 100 —011 Systemsrotation Crop rotation —012 Classification 631.582 015 … —014 Language and communication … —0148 Abbreviations and symbols —015 Scientific principles Use of science to analyze and describe the subject… T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions —02 … T1 Miscellany —020 2 Synopses and outlines Including chronologies space Class between numbers works called synopses and that don't are regular treatises or just foroutlines legibility; to a subject in 001-999 recordintroductions in call number without use of notation 0202 from Table 1; class interdisciplinary chronologies in 902.02 —020 7 Humorous treatment Crop rotation cartoons Crop rotation 631.5820207 T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 —(026) Law (Optional number; prefer 341347) … Do not use the optional number! Use the preferred number. T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions —03 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances … —04 Special topics Use this subdivision only when it is specifically set forth in the schedules…. Use —04 only when told to do so in the schedules T1 T1 —05 —06 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 Serial publications Regardless of form (print or electronic) or frequency Class here house organs, magazines, newspapers, yearbooks… Organizations and management Class here Greek-letter societies…student organizations…; history, charters, regulations, membership lists, administrative reports … T1 —07 … —072 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 Education, research, related topics Including programmed texts Class here subject-oriented study programs… Research; statistical methods Class here laboratory manuals used in research, research techniques not provided for elsewhere in Table 1, comprehensive works on scientific method T1 —09 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 Historical, geographic, persons treatment … SUMMARY —090 05 Serial publications —090 1–090 5 Historical periods —091 Treatment by areas, regions, places in general —092 Persons —093–099 Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 —090 1 To 499 A.D. —090 12 To 4000 B.C. —090 13 3999 – 1000 B.C. —090 14 999 – 1 B.C. —090 15 1st – 5th centuries, 1– 499 —090 2 6th – 15th centuries, 500-1499 —090 21 —090 22 —090 23 Class here Middle Ages (Medieval period) 6th – 12 centuries, 5001199 13th century, 1200-1299 14th century, 1300-1399 T1 —092 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 Persons Biography, autobiography, descriptions and critical appraisal of work, diaries, reminiscences, correspondence of persons regardless of area, region, or place who are part of the subject or who study the subject, e.g., biographers, collectors, leaders and followers, practitioners and clients, scholars T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 —093–099 Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds … Add "Areas" notation 3–9 from Table 2 to base number —09, e.g. the subject in United States —0973, in Brazil —0981, in North America —097. Crop rotation in the United States Crop rotation 631.5820973 United States Frequently-Used Standard Subdivisions (from Table 1) —01 —03 Philosophy and theory Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances —05 Serial publications —06 Organizations and management —07 Education, research, related topics —072 Research; statistical methods —09 Historical, geographic, persons treatment —092 Persons —093–099 Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds 659 659 Management and auxiliary services 659 Advertising and public relations Class here publicity .1 Advertising .104 Special topics of advertising ‘ .104 2 Social aspects of advertising Adding specificity - Table 1 Standard Subdivisions Add (concatenate) to any number from schedule Only one standard subdivision allowed Use —04 only when directed to do so Consult table of preference when two or more subdivisions appear applicable T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions (continued) Unless other instructions are given, observe the following table of preference, e.g. language and communication in education and research —07 (not —014): Special topics Persons … Education, research, related topics Management … Humorous treatment … —04 —092 —07 —068 —0207 Adding subdivisions number of zeros (1) If there is no indication to the contrary, use one zero for the standard subdivision: 398.609 History of riddles Adding subdivisions number of zeros (2) Types of instructions to indicate when different number of zeros must be used: Notation in the number column Footnotes leading to an add table where subdivisions are supplied Footnotes from the add instruction itself stipulating the use of extra zeros 321 321 Systems of governments and states 321 Systems of governments and states Including heads of state and administration Class here kinds of states … .001–.009 Standard subdivisions Table 1:parts of a state .01 Systems ofFrom relating standard to—05 the whole subdivision for serial publications Systems of government journal Systems of govt. 321.005 Serial publications 600 Technology (Applied sciences) 601 602 Philosophy and theory Miscellany [.72] .75 .9 603 604 600 Patents Do not use;7class in 608 —020 standard Trademarks and service marks subdivision for Commercial miscellany humorous Dictionaries, encyclopedias, treatment concordances Technical drawing,jokes hazardous Technology materials technology… Technology 60207 02.07humorous treatment 502 506 507 .2 .8 508 Natural sciences and mathematics 502 Organizations and management Education, research, related topics Research; statistical methods Use of apparatus and equipment in study and teaching Class here science fair projects, science projects in schools Natural history Do not use for history and description of natural sciences and mathematics with respect to groups of persons; class in 500.8 Class here description and surveys of phenomena in nature 334 334 .1 Economics 334 Cooperatives Housing cooperatives Class here building cooperatives… .2 .22 .5 —025 Banking and standard credit cooperatives subdivision for Credit unions directories Consumer cooperatives A directory of housing cooperatives Housing cooperatives 334.1 025 335 335 … Economics 335 Socialism and related systems Standard subdivisions are added for socialism and related systems —01 standard together, for socialism alone subdivision for Class here schools of thought featuring planned economies… philosophy and theory .001–.009 Standard subdivisions .02 Utopian systems and schools Philosophy and theory of socialism Socialism 335.001 618 .9 .92 Medical sciences Medicine 618 Pediatrics and geriatrics Pediatrics —03 standard Medicine for infants subdivision and children up for to puberty… dictionaries … .920 001–.920 007 Standard subdivisions As modified under 616.1–616.9 .920 008 History with respect to kinds of persons Dictionary of pediatrics Pediatrics 618.92 0003 Four volumes of DDC 21 Table 2. Geographic Areas, Historical Periods, Persons The following numbers are never used alone, but may be used as required (either directly when so noted or through the interposition of notation 09 from Table 1) with any number from the schedules, e.g. wages (331.29) in Japan (—52 in this table): 331.2952 … T2 Table 2. Areas, Periods, Persons —001–009 —01–05 —1 —11 —12 … —2 —22 —3 —31 T2 SUMMARY Standard subdivisions Historical periods Areas, regions, places in general… Frigid zones Temperate zones… Persons Collected treatment The ancient world China T2 Table 2. Areas, Periods, Persons —4 —41 —42 —43 —44 —45 Europe Western Europe British Isles England and Wales Central Europe Germany France and Monaco Italian Peninsula and adjacent islands Italy … —5 —51 —52 —53 Asia Orient Far East China and adjacent areas Japan Arabian Peninsula … T2 T2 Table 2. Areas, Periods, Persons —4–9 Modern world; extraterrestrial worlds T2 Class comprehensive works on specific jurisdictions, regions, or features extending over more than one country, state, county, or other unit and identified by * with the unit where noted in this table… —4 Europe Western Europe T2 Table 2. Areas, Periods, Persons —41 —411 —412 —413 —414 —415 —416 —417 —418 —419 SUMMARY British Isles Scotland Northeastern Scotland Southeastern Scotland Southwestern Scotland Ireland Ulster Northern Ireland Republic of Ireland (Eire) Leinster Munster —42 —421 England and Wales Greater London T2 Adding specificity - Table 2 Two ways to utilize Add number for geographic area from Table 2 when directed to do so in schedule or Add —09 standard subdivision from Table 1, then for locale from Table 2 Our book: Local taxes in Selby Where do we find numbers for taxes? 336 Economics 336 .201 41 Local taxes in areas, regions, places in general… .201 43–.201 49 Local taxes in specific continents, countries, states and provinces Add to base number 336.2014 notation 3–9 from Table 2, e.g., local taxes in Go to Table 2 Pennsylvania 336.2014748 Local taxes in Selby Local taxes in locality 336.2014 T2 Table 2. Areas, Periods, Persons —428 4 —428 41 —428 42 —428 43 —428 45 —428 46 North Yorkshire and York City Craven District Harrogate Borough York City Selby District Ryedale District Local taxes in Selby 336.2014 42845 Local taxes Local taxes (schedule) + Selby (Table 2) T2 796 Recreational and performing arts 796 .72 .7206 Automobile racing Organizations, facilities, management .720 68 Racetracks and speedways Do not use for management; class in 796.72069 Add to base number 796.72068 notation 1–9 from Table 2, e.g. Go to Table 2 Indianapolis Motor Speedway 796.7206877252 Automobile Racetracks in Loch Lomond Racetracks & speedways 796.72068 Looking for Loch Lomond Relative Index Loch Broom (Scotland) Loch Lomond (Scotland) Loch Ness (Scotland) Loch Ness monster Lochaber (Scotland) Lockouts T2―411 52 T2—414 2 T2—411 56 001.944 T2—411 56 331.894 Automobile Racetracks in Loch Lomond Racetracks & speedways 796.72068 Four volumes of DDC 21 T2 —414 2 Table 2. Areas, Periods, Persons T2 Argyll and Bute Class here western part of former Dumbarton District; Campbeltown, Dunoon, Helensburgh, Oban; Loch Lomond Automobile Racetracks in Loch Lomond Racetracks & 796.72068 4142 speedways Racetracks (schedule) + Loch Lomond (Table 2) 796 .73 .75 .756 .76 Recreational and performing arts 796 Automobile rallies Motorcycle and motor scooter racing Motocross Midget car racing (Karting) Go to Table 1 Motorcycle racing in Loch Lomond Motorcycle racing 796.75 Four volumes of DDC 21 T1 Table 1. Standard Subdivisions —093–099 Go to T1 Treatment by specific continents, countries, localities; extraterrestrial worlds History and description by place, specific instance of the Tableby 2 subject Add to base number —09 notation 3–9 from Table 2… Motorcycle racing in Loch Lomond Motorcycle racing 796.75 09 T2 —414 2 Table 2. Areas, Periods, Persons T2 Argyll and Bute Class here western part of former Dumbarton District; Campbeltown, Dunoon, Helensburgh, Oban; Loch Lomond Motorcycle racing in Loch Lomond Motorcycle racing by locality 796.7509 4142 Motorcycle racing (schedule) By locality (Table 1) Loch Lomond (Table 2)