Chapter 10
Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and Adams
Thomas Jefferson
Declaration of
Independence
Montecello
Jefferson in old age
Interior Montecello
Barbary Wars
• “Tributes” were fees
paid to leaders of the
Barbary coast
Tripoli
US Philadelphia taken
• This is the first
declaration of
war against the
US by a foreign
power.
“Heroes”
• Stephen Decatur sailed
into Tripoli harbor and
set the Philadelphia on
fire
• William Eaton recruited
mercenaries and
marched across 500
miles to attack Tripoli
and release the US
sailors taken prisoner
President James Madison
First Lady Dolley
Madison
Timeline leading to War
of 1812
• 1803: British begin to impress American sailors and force them
to work on British Ships.
• Embargo Act then Non-intercourse Act
• 1811: The Battle of Tippecanoe (in present-day Indiana),
considered the first battle of the War of 1812, takes place
between Tecumseh's brother, The Prophet, and William Henry
Harrison's army.
• Congress declared war June 1812, in a vote divided along
sectional lines
• 1812 Summer: Riots break out in Baltimore in protest of the war
War of 1812—causes
Indian conflicts in the Northwest
Territory
• Attacks on American ships by France
and England
• The War Hawks—Henry Clay from
Kentucky and John C. Calhoun from
South Carolina
•
Clay (left) and Calhoun
The War
• 1813 January: British and Indian allies repel American troops at
the Battle of Frenchtown (present-day Michigan). American
survivors are killed the following day in the Raisin River
Massacre (present-day Michigan).
• 1813 October: The warrior Tecumseh is killed at the Battle of
the Thames (Canada).
• 1814 August 24, 24: The British burn Washington, DC in
retaliation for the burning of York. President James Madison
flees the Capital.
• 1814 September The Battle of Plattsburg on Lake Champlain is
a major American victory, securing its northern border. The
Battle of Baltimore takes place at Fort McHenry, where Francis
Scott Key wrote The Star Spangled Banner.
Battles of War of 1812
End of the War of 1812
• 1814 December: The Treaty of Ghent. Americans
and British diplomats agree to the terms of a treaty
and return to the status quo from before the war.
• 1815 January Andrew Jackson defeats the British at
the Battle of New Orleans.
Women’s Status
• Based on British Common Law
• Wives had no independent legal or political
personhood
• Legal doctrine of feme covert holds that a wife’s
civic life is subsumed by that of her husband
• By 1820, all states but South Carolina recognized a
limited right to divorce
• Single, adult women could own and convey
property, make contracts, initiate lawsuits, and pay
taxes. They could not vote, serve on juries, or
practice law.
Women in churches
• Most Protestant denominations barred women from
governance
• Quakers and Baptists in New England made
exceptions
• Small number of women preachers between 1790
and 1820, i.e. Jemima Wilkinson, a “Publick Universal
Friend,” claimed to be genderless and dressed in
men’s clothing
Women in Education
• “female academies”
• Examples: Troy Female Seminary in New York
founded by Emma Willard in 1821 and Hartford
Seminary in Connecticut founded by Catharine
Beecher in 1822
President James Monroe
President John Quincy
Adams
Missouri Compromise