K Boring
US History
The Rise of Conservatism
•
1960s—some US citizens called for
political and social transformation
(ex = Woodstock / the youth), but
many citizens pushed back against
social and political movements and
comprised a new conservatism:
•
•
•
•
Believed in traditional values
opposed extensive government
regulation
favored private property rights over
newly passed civil rights legislation
Supported a strong military to oppose
the USSR and communism
The Election of 1964
Election of 1964: first notice in nation
of rising conservatism
• Barry Goldwater—first conservative to
win the Republican nomination for
president (President Johnson beat him)
• Impact:
1. Proved that conservatives’ message
resonated with many citizens
2. Showed conservatives’ ability to
organize well enough to win the
nomination of a major political party
3. Goldwater’s argument that
legislation violated constitutional
property rights allowed him to
become the first Republican
candidate to win southern states
since the end of Reconstruction—
ended “Solid South”
Questions in Your packet using pg 226
Section = “Ronald Reagan”
Ronald Reagan
•
Who was the new
conservative after Goldwater?
•
Ronald Reagan
•
What was he formerly?
•
actor
•
What type of personality did
he have?
•
charismatic
•
What election did he win the
presidency and against who?
•
1980 against President Jimmy
Carter (Democrat)
The Reagan Years
• “Reaganomics”: Reagan’s critics quickly called his
economic plan this
• Based on supply-side economics:
• Reagan believed that the economy would be stimulated
and recover quickest if the supply of goods increased
• Supported policies and corporate tax cuts that benefited
producers (corporations, small business owners, investors,
etc)
• “trickle down theory”—benefits felt by business owners
would “trickle down” to consumers and average working
class—by cutting taxes, Reagan believed that business
owners and employers would spend more money to hire
workers and increase production
The Reagan Years
• National Debt
• Ronald Reagan believed two major
things needed to happen when he first
became president:
1.
Size and role of government needed to
decrease (he cut taxes and decreased
government regulation)
2. US military had to be strengthened (he
spent a lot of money building the
military)
• Massive spending + less revenue =
record national debt
•
•
“national debt” = amount of money a
country owes as a result of spending
more than it takes in as revenue
At first= people didn’t care and
enjoyed tax cuts, but President
George H W Bush had to deal with
the debt of the Reagan years
Questions in Your packet using pg 228
Use this page to answer questions in
packet
By self
Reagan and the “Evil Empire”
•
Who did Reagan refer to as the “Evil Empire” and why?
•
USSR—convinced that they couldn’t be trusted and would
stop short of nothing but worldwide domination
•
What did he believe about the USSR and an arms race?
•
Their communist economy could not survive an arms race
much longer
•
What did he plan to do and why?
•
Built up US military to defend US but also collapse
communism in the USSR
•
How much money did he use?
•
$1.5 trillion
Reagan and Gorbachev / The Iron Curtain Comes Down
• Who became the leader of the USSR and what kind of
leader was he?
• Mikhail Gorbachev—progressive
• What did he and Reagan strike up?
• Unlikely friendship
• What happened in 1987?
• They signed a treaty and reduced number of US and
USSR missiles in Europe
• What did Gorbachev realize?
• USSR economy could not sustain an escalated arms
race with the US
• What two things did he initiate and what were they?
• Glasnost—political openness
• perestroika—restructuring of the economy to allow
limited free enterprise
• What caused the fall of communism in the USSR and
satellite nations?
• Glasnost, perestroika and the economic collapse of
communist Eastern Europe
• When the Berlin Wall fell, what else did?
• “iron curtain”
• When was the Cold War over and what happened to the
USSR?
• Early 90s, USSR dissolved
Reagan’s Final Years and Legacy
• Trials:
• Lebanon 1980s—Reagan committed
US forces to Lebanon as part of a
UN peacekeeping mission after
Israel and Palestinians began
fighting again
• Over 200 US soldiers died as a
result of a suicide bombing
• US withdrew without peace being
restored
• Iran-Contra Affair
• Embarrassing scandal—US sold
weapons to Iran in exchange for
US hostages held in the Middle
East and the money made was
used to illegally fund anticommunist rebels in Nicaragua
(the “Contras”)
• Investigators never determined if
he knew about this
Paired Reading / 360 Classroom / Fill In
Use pg 230-234:
1. First, read the entire section OUT LOUD
2. 360: After you read, create a presidential
information “quick look up” including these
presidents and 4 important things to
remember about them: (See board for how to
do this)
• Ronald Reagan (first section)
• George H W Bush
• Bill Clinton
 TURN IN TO BASKET!
3. Fill in notes afterwards
George H. W. Bush
Bush
_____ acted as commanderReagan left office after two
terms in 1989.
His vice president
George
H W Bush
_____________________
succeeded him
in-chief over the military
during the Persian Gulf War
in 1991. _______________
Saddam Hussein
had invaded Kuwait,
concerning the US because
of our reliance on ______.
oil
Result of war =
_________________
Liberation
of Kuwait
The OPEC oil
embargo of the
73 and the
_____
Persian Gulf War
of the early
90s
______ put a
spotlight
concern of US'
reliance on
oil
foreign ______
• What were the two points of view on foreign oil
and their reasoning behind their thoughts?
1. Believed US should not rely heavily on foreign oil—
especially if they didn’t maintain good relations with
USA—some called for more oil drilling at home (US)
2. Some feared drilling in US damage the environment,
wanted to pursue alternative sources for fuel
• Who did Republicans want to win?
• President George H W Bush
The Economy and the Election of 1992
• Who did Democrats nominate?
• Bill Clinton
• Why had Democrats suffered in recent elections?
• Perceived as “tax and spend liberals”—raise taxes and fund big government
• Clinton portrayed himself as a “New Democrat” which was?
• Moderate, between liberal and conservative
• Who and what made the 92 election so different?
• Had a formidable third party candidate
• Why did Perot gain so much support?
• People felt discontent with the federal government
• What caused Perot to lose support?
• Inconsistency—dropped out of race suddenly
• With how much percent did Clinton win the presidency?
• Less than 50%
The Clinton Presidency
Economic and Domestic Affairs
The “Contract with America” and ’94 Election
Scandal and Impeachment
The economy saw an upswing during the
Budget
Clinton presidency.
Budget deficit to _________
surplus
-went from______________
Budget deficit: Spending more money
than gov’t makes in a year
1994, Republicans won—
Control of House and Senate
Clinton’s legacy attached—
Series of scandal
Newt Gingrich instituted—
Scandal with Monica
Lewinsky—
Contract with America
Contract with America:
Final scandal where he
Budget surplus:Spending less money than Conservatives promised to cut denied sexual relations,
gov’t makes in a year
back spending, cut taxes, and then admitted to it
Promoted free trade btwn US,
NAFTA:
balance the budget
Mexico and Canada-caused
August 1998—
controversy
What kind of elections were in
Admitted having an
Labor unions feared—
1994?
inappropriate relationship
US businesses would move to Mexico
congressional
Argument for NAFTA—
Dec 1998—
Clinton (dem) and the
Increase foreign market, create more
1995—
Republican Congress didn’t House voted to impeach
jobs in US
Clinton sought to
agree on budget, gov’t shut him
US healthcare system
improve_________________
Only 2nd
____ president in
down
1996—
impeached
Disturbed—
welfare reform instituted byhistory to be ______________
40 million US citizens didn’t have
Clinton,
healthcare
Nixon—
Appointed (and for what)—
Budget battle:
Hilary Clinton—create health care
Resigned before he
1995 incident between
program reform
could be impeached
democratic Clinton and
Clinton presented—
Program that gave every US citizen
republican Congress-resulted in Clinton’s presidency
affordable healthcare
survived—
rejected
The plan was _____________
by Congress gov’t shutdown
1996-Clinton’s welfare reform:
Conservatives felt—Too expensive
Senate acquitted him
“the end of welfare as we know
Critics argued— It would hurt the
it”, limits and conditions put on
health care in US
welfare
Election of 2000
Decided by:
Swing state of
Florida
closest:
Election in US
History
one of the few
in which:
Winner in the
Electoral College
didn’t win the
popular vote
Democratic
candidate:
Al Gore
Republican
candidate:
George W Bush
Outcome
decided by:
Florida’s vote count
Florida had:
25 electoral votes
This would give
the candidate:
The amount of
electoral votes
needed to win
election
Describe the
issue of the
panhandle and
the tight race of
the election:
Confusion b/c of two
time zones,
panhandle and
Florida main-body,
votes kept going
back and forth, too
close and news kept
getting the vote
wrong
How long was
the debate?
month
Supreme court
voted:
To stop recounts
43rd president:
George W Bush
Democrats
accused:
Bush stole election
Republicans
sarcastically:
Dems too “dumb”
to count correctly,
so shouldn’t be able
to win anyway
The Middle East and Rise of Terrorism
• Since 1948 (founding of Israel)
Muslim nations in the Middle East
hostile towards Jewish Israelis
• Many nations refuse to recognize
Israel’s existences since they took
Palestinian land
• US helps Israel = Middle East angry at
US
• Caused US to become target of Islamic
terrorists: criminals who destroy
property or kill innocent civilians in the
name of a political or social cause
(radical form of Islam—advocates
violence to overthrow US and other
western nations)
• Al Qaeda: most formidable and best
known Islamic terrorist group
• Osama bin Laden—founding leader
of Al Qaeda—linked to attacks on
US military and embassy bombings
The Terrorist Attacks of 9/11
Date: Sept 11, 2001
Terrorists hijacked planes
(jetliners) and flew them into:
• World Trade Center
• Pentagon
• one in a route unknown crashed
in a field in Pennsylvania
World Trade Center collapsed,
lives lost, Pentagon enflamed
9/11: brought the reality of
terrorism home to the US and
shook people’s sense of
national security
Notes Fill In
• Use pg 236-237 to fill in the rest of
the notes for 11.3
The War on Terror—Afghanistan—War in Iraq
Bush confirmed
Al Qaeda/Osama
bin Laden was
_________________
President Bush's response to 9/11
responsible for 9/11 so Bush set
= _______________
about:
“war on terror”
Bush created the Department of
Homeland Security =
Prepare and protect
nation against future
terrorist attacks
airline security =
Tightened, color-coded
terrorist alert system put
in place to warn
passengers of risks
US PATRIOT Act:
Increased authority of US law
enforcement agencies, greater
latitude in obtaining information
criticized:
Infringing on civil rights
Formed international coalition
to take diplomatic and military
action
Taliban and Osama bin Laden:
Taliban was protecting him,
refused to give him up (in
Afghanistan)
October 2001:
Operation Enduring
Freedom, toppled Taliban and
made it difficult for Al Qaeda
*spring 2011:
Finally shot and killed bin Laden
Bush's war strategy:
Strike first against terrorists
state-sponsored terrorism:
Terrorist supported by a
national government
2003:
War in Iraq—believed Hussein
had weapons of mass
destruction
US never found:
WMD – weapons of mass
destruction
Success in Iraq included:
Democratic govt, opportunities for
women, new constitution, building
projects
Violence:
Increased, US soldiers have died
2011:
Obama announced to
withdraw troops from Iraq
before 2012
US Influence in the Middle East
• Where has the US often exercised influence?
• Middle East
• Traditionally the US has been the ally of what country?
• Israel
• What did Jimmy Carter play a key role in doing?
• Negotiating a long lasting peace between Egypt and
Israel
• What did he use to do this?
• Camp David Accords
• Do we still exercise influence in the Middle East?
• Yes
• What causes the Middle East to resent the US?
• American ties to Israel
• What is Iran doing?
• Building up of nuclear weapons
• What happened starting in 2011?
• Wave of revolutions in the Middle East
• Why will the Middle East remain a region of interest for
the US?
• Oil supplies, key trading routes, important geographic
location
Practice 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
•
11.1—pg 229
•
11.2—pg 234
•
11.3—pg 237-238
• AFTER YOU ARE
DONE!!!!!! DO USA TEST
PREP! DO NOT SIT IDLE!
9/11 Video
Notes Fill In-• Read pg 238-242 and as you do—fill in your
notes for the section
Immigration
Economic Disparity
Racial/cultural
One of greatest reasons for—diversity in US
Economic Disparity:
More and more immigrants from— Latin America Differences in income and assets that exist
when comparing individuals and/or
Many tend to immigrate— legally
different populations within a society
Growing number tend— Illegal immigrants
Result— US Hispanic population has grown
Compared to the rest of the world
(REMEMBER THIS!)—
Almost all US citizen compares
Effect of this increase— Controversy of bilingualism favorably economically
tremendously
Bulk of the nation’s wealth—
Bilingualism: Accommodating for the use
of more than one language
Government and School starting to communicate
in— Spanish as well as English
Such practices are disruptive because they
Some argue— hinder newcomers to the SU from learning
English and serve to divide rather than unite
the US
Enables immigrants to learn more
Proponents point out— easily and maintain their cultural
identity
Because many immigrants are here illegally—
In the hands of a relatively small
percentage of US citizens
On average—
White US citizens do better economically
Due to urban flight—
Inner cities economically worse off
Urban flight:
Middle class citizens left the cities for suburbs
How to deal with issue—
Political debate
Conservatives—
Some want existing immigration laws strictly enforced Less gov’t control, gov’t provide equal
Say illegal immigrants drain nation’s health opportunity for all citizens to pursue success
Advocates—
care system and public services without
without hindering the process w/ regualtion
contributing enough taxes to cover the costsor high taxes
Critics—
Liberals--
Immigrants want a better way of life
Government should get more involved, higher
They also claim— They fill jobs American won’t do
taxes to put revenue into gov’t programs
President Barack Obama: The
2008
election of _________
proved to
be another historic presidential
2
campaign. Having served _____
W
terms, President George ____
Bush could not run again. The
Republican party nominated
_________________
John McCain
from
Arizona who made histroy when
he became the first Republican
to choose a woman to run as his
Vice-presidential
__________________
running
mate. She was Alaska's Goveror,
Sarah Palin
__________________.
The
Democrats nominated
Barack Obama
________________,
though
experts thought they would
nominate the former first lady
_____________________.
Hilary Clinton
Obama became the first
African America
_____________________
president in the US.
The Real Estate Crisis: _______
Obama entered the
White House during a challenging economic time.
During the 90s and early parts of 21st century, banks
and other lenders had greatly relaxed lending
homes Lower standards
standards to finance _______.
meant more people qualified for loans to purchase
_______. More people bought homes and the real
____
houses
construction increased and
estate marketboomed
_______, _____________
many US citizens found jobs related to the housing
market. Unfortunately, these loans were
ballooning mortgages, which meant that the
_____________
payment would "balloon" over time to a higher rate.
jobs and unemployment
Eventually, people lost ____
mortgage
meant that people could not afford their __________.
foreclosure
A record number of people went into _____________
(lost their homes to lenders they could no longer pay
back) and this created a ________
surplus of houses on the
drastically and
market. Real estate prices dropped ____________
estate crisis ensue. Construction _________.
the Real
__________
halted
down”
Many homeowners found themselves “upside
______________
in their mortgages which means that they owed their
lender more money than their house was worth.
1st strategy to deal with the economic crisis
The Stimulus Plan: Obama's ____
stimulus package
involved passing a _____________________.
It pumped large sums
_______ of federal
jobs
money into the economy with the goal of creating __________.
This plan also
billions of dollars to save several key businesses from going
provided __________
bankrupt
auto industry from going under.
___________. It also helped prevent the US _______
3
More than _______
years into Obama's tenure, unemployment
_______________ continued to
rise, the real estate market continued to flounder, businesses still weren't
expanding
____________ and it appeared to most citizens that Obama's stimulus had
failed
________.
Taxes remain a key area of debate.
Taxes: ______
President Obama and others argue that tax
President Bush
cuts passed under ______________should
be
ended because it gave too much advantage
to big business
_______and the wealthiest Americans
_________.
opposed Obama's
Republicans, however, _______
Bush
policies. They argued that ending ______tax
cuts would take more money away from
business owners at the very time businesses
________
needed money to expand and ____________.
Create jobs
They also pointed out that that nation's
Wealthiest
____________
citizens already paid a vast
majority of taxes and were also the people
who ended to own businesses. Opponents
argued that forcing them to pay more taxes
would only discourage them from hiring
people, producing goods, and
money
pumping__________
into the economy
Globalization: Due to ____________
technology and
economic ties, the world is more
___________
connected than ever before.
Globalization has resulted in a
________________
economy and communications
worldwide _________
that link the ___________
together. What
world
threatens the security or economic stability
of ____
1 nation quickly impacts others as
well. As a result, nations like the US have a
vested interest, not only in their own
_________
security and stability, but in the security
stability
and ____________
of countries around the
world. The ___________________is
European Union (EU) one
example of economic ______________.
globalization The
EU unites these nations economically and
uses the ___________
the Euro as a common
currency. In recent years, the EU has faced
problems as several member countries have
debt A few of these
built up massive ______.
countries have even come close to going
bankrupt
_______________.
Such instability can have
drastic effects not only in _________,
Europe but
the globe
across the ___________.
Practice and Review
1.11.4 Practice = pg 242-243
2.Ch 11 Review = pg 244-246
• USAT WHEN YOU ARE
DONE!