D170 W15
Cartilage and Bone Tissue
Williams
What three components make up the skeletal system?
What are the nine locations of cartilage in the body, and where is each found?
What are the differences between costal cartilages and articular cartilages?
Describe the structure and function of the three types of cartilage in the body. (also see tables on pages
86 – 88). Be familiar with the visual histology of the tissue, cell names and structures.
Hyaline cartilage –
Elastic cartilage –
Fibrocartilage –
What are the six functions of bones in the body?
What cells, fibers, and ground substance make up bone tissues? Take note of the following terms. (also
see table on pages 88)
Osteoblasts –
Osteocytes –
Osteoclasts –
What are the four ways in which bones are classified?
What is the major difference between spongy bone and compact bone?
Describe the structure and function of a typical long bone, noting the following features: Diaphysis,
Epiphysis, Blood vessels, Medullary cavity, Endosteum, Periosteum
Review Table 6.1 and explain the general features of 1) projections that are sites of muscle and ligament
attachment, 2) surfaces that form joints, and 3) depressions and openings.
How would you describe the microscopy anatomy of compact bone? Define the terms osteon, lamella,
central canal, perforating canal, and canaliculi. How does the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone differ?
Describe the anatomy of the epiphyseal plate. How is the epiphyseal plate involved in postnatal bone
growth?
How do bone resorption and bone deposition contribute to bone remodeling?
What four steps are involved in repairing bone fractures?
Review Table 6.2 on page 142 and explain the differences between the six types of fractures.
Vocabulary List
Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Chondrocyte
Chondroblast
Lacuna (lacunae)
Articular cartilage
Costal cartilage
Perichondrium
Bone marrow
Osteoblasts
Osteoid
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Trabeculae
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal line
Medullary cavity
Periosteum
Endosteum
Bone markings
Osteon
Lamella
Central canal (Haversian canal)
Perforating canals (Volkmann’s canals)
Canaliculi
Interstitial lamellae
Bone remodeling
Bone resorption
Bone deposition
Fracture
Simple fracture
Compound fracture
Hematoma
Soft callus
Hard callus