Discussion
•A One-Sample T-Test revealed that there was no
significant difference between the CO2, pH and
Spectrophotometer measurement between both
Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum
tricornutum
•In Thalassiosira pseudonana, although the
spectrophotometer found more growth in concentration
with Ferrous Sulfate as well as a more acidic pH, which
indicate the absorption of CO2.
•In Phaeodactylum tricornutum, all data expressed
showed that there was more growth in the control
rather than the culture ran with Ferrous Sulfate.
•The results of this experiment differ from the work of
Coale and Martin as Ferrous Sulfate has no significant
effect on the growth of diatoms.
Picture 7: Stock cultures of algae maintained for
new trials or incase of experimental mishaps
Conclusion
•In Conclusion, the results of this
experiment differed from the work of
Coale and Martin and their idea in
exponentially growing diatoms with
Ferrous Sulfate.
Picture 8: In Trial 2 of data collection, the vessel in growing plankton was
altered to a water dispensing jug in an attempt to increase sterility.
Picture 9 and 10: The Autoclave machine served as a means of
sterilizing certain substances such as media and glassware
Future Studies
•Running an experiment in a completely contained environment
as oppose to 2 Liter plastic
•Determine if the pH change that occurs because of T.
pseudonana and P. tricornutum has an effect on other
organisms living in the same environment
•Observing the effects of other species of Diatoms and their
growth with Ferrous Sulfate
Picture 10: The spectrophotometer was used to measure growth in T. pseudonana and
P. tricornutum. The wavelengths used were 660nm and 750nm respectively.
Bibliography
Ackerman, Suzanne. "Human-Related Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide." Climate Change - Greenhouse Gas Emissions. 9 Sept. 2008. US Environmental Protection Agency. 12 Nov. 2008
Allsopp, Michelle, David Santillo, and Paul Johnston. "A scientific critique of oceanic iron fertilization." Green Peace. July 2007. Greenpeace Research Laboratories. 12 Nov. 2008
Brahic, Catherine. "Company plans 'eco' iron dump off Galapagos." NewScientist Environment. 25 June 2007. NewScience. 12 Nov. 2008
Burger, Joe. "Culturing Phytoplankton and Rotifers." Cnidarian Reef. 10 June 2006. 12 Nov. 2008
Cavender-Bares, Kent K., Elizabeth L. Mann, Sallie W. Chisholm, Michael E. Ondrusek, and Robert R. Bidigare. "Differential Response of Equatorial Pacific Phytoplankton to Iron Fertilization.” Limnology and
Oceanography. Mar. 1999. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. 15 May 2008
Coale, Kenneth, Ken Johnson, and Ken Buessler. "Mbari." Southern Ocean Iron Experiment (SOFeX) Cruise. 12 Feb. 2002. MBARI, MLML, WHOI. 12 Nov. 2008
Egmond, Wim V. "Diatoms." Microscopy UK. 1995. Onview.net. 12 Nov. 2008
Herring, David. "What are Phytoplankton?" Earth Observatory. 12 Nov. 2008. NASA. 12 Nov. 2008
Hoff, Frank, William Hoff, and Terry Snell. "Micro Algae Grow." Florida Aqua Farms. 2008. Florida Aqua Farms Inc. 1984. 13 Nov. 2008.
Hopwood, Nick, and Jordan Cohen. "Greenhouse Gases and Society." Greenhouse Gases and Society. 1998. University of Michigan. 12 Nov. 2008
Jin, X, N Gruber, H Frenzel, S C. Doney, and J C. McWilliams. "The Impact on Atmospheric CO2 of Iron Fertilization Induced Changes in the Ocean’S Biological Pump." Biogeosciences. 18 Mar. 2008. Institution of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics. 15 May 2008
Kunzig, Robert. "The iron man's revenge - John Martin's hypothesis that iron is important to marine flora proved in the open ocean after his death." BNET. June 1994. Discover Magazine. 12 Nov. 2008
Kviderova, Jana, and Jaromir Lukavsky. "The cultivation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in crossed gradients of temperature and light." CAT Institution. 2008. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic,
Treboň and University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Biological Sciences. 12 Nov. 2008
Lam, Phoebe, and Sallie W. Chisholm. "Iron Fertilization of the Oceans: Reconciling Commercial Claims with Published Models." Web MIT. 29 Apr. 2002. 15 May 2008
Malev, Marc. "Culture your own Live Phytoplankton." Melev's Reef. 19 Mar. 2006. Reef Central. 12 Nov. 2008
Maranon, Emilio, and Patrick M. Holligan. "Photosynthetic Parameters of Phytoplankton From 50" N to 50" S in the Atlantic Ocean." Marine Ecology Progress Series. 18 Jan. 1999. Southampton Oceanography Center. 15
May 2008
Marini, Frank. "The Breeder's Net." Advanced Aquarist's Online Magazine. 2002. 12 Nov. 2008
Martin, John H., Michael Gordon, and Steve E. Fitzwater. "The Case for Iron." Iron Limitation. 1991. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. 12 Nov. 2008
Planktos. "The Science of ocean Ecorestoration." Planktos Science. 2008. Planktos. 12 Nov. 2008 <http://www.planktos-science.com/ocean_science.html>.
Plum, Chris. "How does carbon dioxide warm the earth?" Carbon Trap Technologies, L.P. 24 May 2007. 12 Nov. 2008
Redalje, D. G., and E. A. Laws. "A New Method for Estimating Phytoplankton Growth Rates and Carbon Biomass." Marine Biology 62. 1981. Department of Oceanography in the University of Hawaii. 12 Nov. 2008
Reynolds, Rick A., Dariusz Stramski, and Dale A. Kiefer. "The effect of nitrogen limitation on the absorption and scattering properties of the marine diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana." The American Society of Limnology
and Oceanography.Inc. 1997. Department of Biological Sciences in the University of Southern California. 12 Nov. 2008
Sagarin, Raphael, Megan Dawson, David Karl, Anthony Michael, Brian Murray, Michael Orbach, and Nicole St. Clair. "Iron Fertilization in the Ocean for Climate Mitigation: Legal, Economic, and Environmental
Challenges." Working Paper Duke. Oct. 2007. Nicholas Institution for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University. 12 Nov. 2008
Takeda, Shigenobu. "Assessing the Role of Phytoplankton in the Ocean Carbon Cycle - Elucidating the Growth Mechanism of Phytoplankton in Open-Ocean Upwelling Zones." Principal Research Results in Fiscal 1994.
1995. Principal Research Results in Fiscal 1994. 12 Nov. 2008
Tans, Pieter, and Thomas Conway. "Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide - Mauna Loa." Earth System Research Laboratory. 2007. Mauna Loa Observatory. 12 Nov. 2008
Weier, John. "John Martin." Earth Observatory. 12 Nov. 2008. NASA. 12 Nov. 2008
Yoshimura, Takeshi, and Daisuk Tsumune. "Effect of in-situ Iron Fertilization on Phytoplankton Growth and Biological Carbon Fixation in the Ocean." Principal Research Results. 2004. Environmental Science Research
Laboratory. 12 Nov. 2008