Newborn Reflexes
1) A reflex is a(n) (learned / inborn) response to a particular form of
stimulation.
2) Match each reflex with the appropriate response or function
descriptor.
_____ Spontaneous grasp of adult’s finger
A. palmar grasp
_____ Helps infant find the nipple
B. stepping
_____ Prepares infant for voluntary walking
C. rooting
_____ Permits feeding
D. sucking
_____ In our evolutionary past, may have
E. moro
helped infant cling to mother
3) When do most newborn reflexes disappear?
Newborn States of Arousal
Match each state of arousal with its characteristics.
_____ Regular sleep _____ Irregular sleep _____ Drowsiness _____
Quiet alertness _____ Waking activity and crying
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Inactive body, open and attentive eyes, even breathing
Bursts of uncoordinated body activity, irregular breathing
Eyes open and close, glazed when open; even breathing
Minimal body activity, no eye movements, even breathing
Gentle limb and rapid eye movements, irregular breathing
Newborn Senses
• True or False: Infants are born with a poorly developed sense of
touch, and consequently, they are not sensitive to pain.
• True or False: Infants not only have taste preferences, but they are
also capable of communicating these preferences to adults through
facial expressions.
• True or False: Newborn infants are attracted to the scent of a
lactating woman, but they are unable to discriminate the smell of
their own mother’s breast from that of an unfamiliar lactating
woman.
• True or False: Infants prefer pure tones to complex sounds.
• Vision is the (most/least) mature of the newborn baby’s
Chapter 4: Review
T/F Growth is slow and steady
throughout infancy and toddlerhood.
T/F Lateralization refers to the fact that
the two sides (hemispheres) of the brain
operate separately, with one side
responsible for creativity and the other
for analytical thought.
Refer to the diagram on the right. What
are neurons? What are synapses? What
are glial cells?
What do you think? In The Human Baby
– To Talk, we learned that gazing and
mutual attention are necessary for
babies to learn language. Does modern
technology compromise the
development of babies?
Chapter 4 Review: Motor
Development
Also, drawing, feeding, dressing
True or False: Although the sequence of motor development is fairly uniform, large
individual differences exist in the rate of development.
Chapter 4 Review: States of Arousal
and Perceptual Development
Describe major changes in the
organization of sleep and
wakefulness during the first 2 years
of life.
T/F Perceptual Development is a
process of refinement throughout
the first years.
From the start, infants expect sight,
sound, and touch to go together, a
capacity called _________
perception.
a. intermodal
b. sensory
c. systematic
d. integrative
Chapter 5 Review: Piaget
• _________ are underlying psychological
structures that organize experiences.
• (Equilibrium/disequilibrium) is a state of cognitive
comfort and (assimilation/accommodation) is the
primary way new experiences are adapted into
existing schemes.
• (Equilibrium/disequilibrium) is a state of cognitive
discomfort and (assimilation/accommodation) is
the primary way new experiences are adapted
into existing schemes.
Chapter 5 Review: Piaget
Identify each sensorimotor substage
______ Infants’ primary means of adapting to the environment is through reflexes.
______ Infants engage in goal-directed behavior and begin to attain object
permanence
______ Toddlers explore properties of objects by acting on them in novel ways and
begin to imitate unfamiliar behaviors.
______ Infants display simple motor habits centered on their own body with limited
anticipation of events.
______ Infants’ actions are aimed at repeating interesting effects in the environment
and imitation of familiar behaviors.
______ Toddlers gain the ability to create mental representations and exhibit deferred
imitation and make-believe play.
Chapter 5: Information Processing
Match each part of the mental
system with its description,
according to the informationprocessing approach.
_______ Sensory register
_______ Working, or shortterm, memory
_______ Long-term memory
A. Represents sights and
sounds directly; stores
information briefly and
monitors strategies
B. Permanent knowledge base
C. Where we actively apply
mental strategies to a limited
amount of information
________________, the simplest form of memory, involves indicating whether a new
experience is identical or similar to a previous one. ________________, on the other
hand, is much more challenging because it involves remembering something not
present.
Chapter 5: Vygotsky
True or False: According to Vygotsky, providing a
stimulating physical environment is sufficient to
promote early cognitive development.
At 18 months, Erik’s mother shows him how to
put together Lego bricks. As his competence
increases, his mother gradually withdraws her
support. This is an example of what concept?
Chapter 5: Early Mental Development
and Language Development
Sheila performed better than 50% of her age mates
on an IQ test. What was her score?
Which characteristics of early typical language
development are demonstrated in the following
examples?
– Vanessa says “doll” only to refer to a favorite baby
doll.
– Anson says “more milk” to indicate that he is thirsty.
– Taye calls all four-legged animals “doggie.”
Answers
• Slide 1: Newborn Reflexes
– 1) inborn
– 2) a, c, b, d, e
– 3) 6 months, until activity becomes more coordinated
and deliberate
• Slide 2: Newborn States of Arousal
– d, e, c, a, b
• Slide 3: Newborn Senses
– False, true, false, false, least
Answers
• Slide 4: Chapter 4 Review
– Fals,
– false
– neurons are specialized nerve cells in the brain; the
“head” of one comes in close contact with the “tail” of
another leaving synapses, or small gaps between
them; glial cells are the support cells of the brain, with
an important purpose is myelination, or coating the
neuron axons with a fatty sheath to provide insulation
– No right answer to the “what do you think” question
Answers
• Slide 5: Motor Development
– Gross motor skills are illustrated on the top left; fine motor
skills on the top right
– True
• Slide 6: States of Arousals and Perceptual Development
– Overall sleep decline, from 16-18 hours as a newborn to
about 12 hours; also reorganize with longer sleep and
wake periods; 1 year typical is morning and afternoon nap
with longer night sleep, 2 year often only afternoon plus
night sleep
– True
–a
Answers
• Slide 7: Piaget
– Schemes
– Equilibrium; assimilation
– Disequilibrium; accomodation
• Slide 8: Piaget
– 1, 4, 5, 2, 3, 6
Answers
• Slide 9: Information Processing
– A, C, B
– recognition, recall
• Slide 10: Vygotsky
– False
– Zone of proximal development
• Slide 11: Early Mental Development and
Language Development
– 100
– Underextension, telegraphic speech, overextension