Colonization
Chapter 4
8-1.3
Summarize the history of English settlement
in New England, the mid-Atlantic region, and
the South, with an emphasis on South
Carolina as an example of a distinctly
southern colony.
Chapter 4
Settlement Timeline
• 1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on the remains of Charles
Fort’s
• 1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on the remains Ft San
Felipe’s
• 1607 Jamestown, VA is the First permanent English
settlement in America
• 1619 Africans first arrive in America
• 1663 Carolina colony given to Lord Proprietors
1566 Spain attempts Ft
San Felipe on Charles
Fort’s remains
1576 Spain attempts
Ft San Marcos on Ft
San Felipe’s remains
1607 Jamestown, VA 1st
permanent settlement
in Amercia
1619 Africans first
arrive in America
1663 Carolina
colony given to
Lord Proprietors
3 Distinct Regions in the
Colonies (Colonial Regions)
List the colonies in each
Chapter 4
The 13 colonies
•Groups of people were
quickly coming to
America.
•Their reasons for coming
varied
–fortune hunters
–to escape religious
persecution
Colonial America
developed into 3 distinct
regions:
1. New England Colonies
2. Middle Colonies
3. Southern Colonies
Jamestown
Charter, Plantation, Indentured
Slaves
Settlement of America
Chapter 4
Jamestown - 1st English colony in America (1607)
~ Virginia Company received a charter from King James
I to establish settlements in America
Charter – Official permission to operate something, such as a
colony
The settlers endured several years of starvation and the
deaths of many until tobacco made the settlement
sustainable
~ Learned to grow Tobacco from the Native Americans
~ Shipped tobacco to England
** Tobacco – 1st Cash Crop & backbone of VA economy
Plantations – large farms
Emerged because tobacco growth needed large plots of land
Indentured Slaves(Servants) – People who agreed to work for a
landowner (Plantations) for a number of years in exchange for
passage to America
The Headright System
Jamestown
The London Company initiated the headright system that
provided land to anyone who paid their own passage or the
passage of others to the settlement.
The Headright Method
Settlers got land based on the number of people
in the family, or household
 Slaves and indentured servants were included
in the count
More people
=
More land
Two results of the Headright System
__________________a more reliable
source of cheaper labor would
replace the Headright System
The Headright Method
The headright system promoted
 The establishment of large tobacco plantations
 Conflict over land with the natives as the
settlers took more land for tobacco production
By the end of the 1600s however, they had
turned to a more reliable source of labor
– African slaves.
The House of Burgesses was
established so…
The House of Burgesses
The London Company also established the House
of Burgesses [1619] so that settlers would have
a voice in the governance of the colony.
Although not completely democratic, this assembly was in
keeping with English political tradition since the Magna
Carta.
 Jamestown grew into the colony of
Virginia and established the pattern for
the southern colonies.
New England Colonies
Characteristics of the settlers
New England Colonies
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Massachusetts (which included
modern day Maine)
People who settled this
region were motivated by
the importance of family
and freedom of religion.
Most of the settlers here
were used to doing things
themselves and not
depending on others.
Chapter 4
New England
• The New England Colonies were
founded as
_____________________________________.
• Pilgrims/Separatists
• Mayflower Compact
New England
Chapter 4
1620 – A group of Pilgrims (Separatists) were given a
charter by VA Company to settle in North America
 settled “Plymouth” in Massachusetts
 The New England colonies were founded as a
haven for religious groups persecuted in
England.
Pilgrims/Separatists/Puritans – Separated from
the Church of England to follow beliefs of John
Calvin (Puritans)
Mayflower Compact – Document signed by all
passengers/colonists establishing the American
ideal of “government by consent”
 the idea that the people form the government
New England
Subsistence Crops/Farms
New England
Chapter 4
They struggled to survive as had the Jamestown
settlers. With the help of a Native American,
they learned to plant corn and sustained
themselves but never prospered.
 Subsistence Crops – crops that provided just enough
food to feed the farmer’s family
• A characteristic of most New England farms
The Puritans invested in their own joint stock
company and brought their charter with
them to the New World
New England
Theocracy – Government based on religious
authority ~ Puritans
They established a democratic form of
government that included
1. town meetings
2. a general assembly
New England
Life in the Colony
New England
 All male church members could vote.
 Their economy thrived – based on ship building
& trade
 They established schools so that their children
could learn to read the Bible
Established religious
conformity (Dissenters were
exiled to other parts of the
region)
Population grew & spread
because of the large Puritan
families
Chapter 4
Middle Colonies
The Settlers
Chapter 4
Middle Colonies
New York
Pennsylvania (which literally means
Penn’s Woods)
Delaware
New Jersey
Settlers to the Middle
Colonies included a great
variety of Europeans
Dutch who first settled
New York
The Swedes who first
settled Delaware
English Puritans & Quakers
Chapter 4
Middle Colonies
The Quakers
Chapter 4
Middle Colonies
 A group of religious
dissenters
 Believed that
everyone had an
inner light
 They promoted
religious tolerance
and good relations
with the natives in
their region
The colony attracted
many other groups of
people
The Middle Colonies had
the greatest diversity of
people & religions.
Chapter 4
Middle Colonies
Pennsylvania
Chapter 4
Middle Colonies
King Charles II granted
William Penn land in
payment of a debt
Penn had the rights of a
proprietor and could
name the governor of the
colony.
Pennsylvania (PA) had a
representative assembly
as did the other colonies
in the region.
Founded for the purpose of
profit
The ‘breadbasket’ of the
colonies
Chapter 4
Southern Colonies
The Settlers
The Economy
Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
People who settled here
wanted to make money
The warm weather and
good soil created a long
growing seasons = Economy
based on Agriculture
Plantations quickly developed
The plantation system was very
popular in the Southern
Colonies.
Chapter 4
Southern Colonies
The main crops grown on
plantations:
•Tobacco- mostly grown
in North Carolina and
Virginia
•Carolina Gold rice:
which was South
Carolina’s 1st cash crop
•Indigo- a plant that
gives us the blue dye for
blue jeans.
Tobacco plant
and drying barn
Indigo plant & dye
Carolina Gold
Chapter 4
Types of Colonies
Define
Royal Colony
Proprietary Colony
Self-Governing Colony
Governing Colonies
Chapter 4
3 Types of English Colonies
1. Royal Colony – Under the direction of the king
(royalty)
–
–
King appoints governor & council
Most colonies in America became Royal Colonies in the
end
2. Proprietary Colony – An individual or group
given ownership of land from the king
–
–
Usually acted as the governor ~ appointed council &
approved laws
Charged settlers rent – Paid the king rent
3. Self-governing Colony – No charter from king
–
–
King did Not appoint governor or council
Rhode Island