Chapter 8
Respiratory System
Photo from sukiyaki/Shutterstock
Learning Objectives
1. Recognize or write the functions of the respiratory
system.
2. Recognize or write the meanings of Chapter 8 word
parts and use terms to build and analyze terms.
3. Write terms for selected structures of the respiratory
system or match them with their descriptions.
4. Write the names of the diagnostic terms and
pathologies related to the respiratory system when
given their descriptions or match terms with their
meanings.
5. Match surgical and therapeutic interventions for the
respiratory system or write the names of the
interventions when given their descriptions.
6. Spell terms for the respiratory system correctly.
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
2
Functions of the Respiratory System



respiration, eupnea
inspiration, inhalation
expiration, exhalation
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
3
Organs of Respiration
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
4
Lower Respiratory Tract
from Vidic B, Suarez FR: Photographic atlas of the human body, St Louis, 1984, Mosby.
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
5
Structures of the Respiratory System




pleura, pleural
phrenic
nares, nasal septum
paranasal sinuses
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
6
Paranasal Sinuses
From Ignatavicius MS, Workman ML: Medical-Surgical nursing: Critical thinking for collaborative care, ed 6, 2010,
Philadelphia, Saunders.
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
7
Structures of the Respiratory System
(cont’d)






eustachian tube, otopharyngeal tube
laryngopharynx, larynx, esophagus
glottis, epiglottis
bronchi, bronchioles
alveoli
URT, LRT
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
8
Combining Forms:
Respiratory Structures





alveol/o
bronch/o, bronchi/o
bronchiol/o
epiglott/o
laryng/o
alveolus (pl. alveoli)
bronchus (pl. bronchi)
bronchiole
epiglottis
larynx
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
9
Combining Forms: Respiratory
Structures (cont’d)





lob/o
nas/o, rhin/o
phren/o
pleur/o
pharyng/o
lobe
nose
diaphragm (phren/o
sometimes means mind)
pleura
pharynx
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
10
Quick Quiz!
The vocal apparatus of the larynx is
A.
B.
C.
D.
the pharynx
the glottis
the epiglottis
the alveolus
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
11
Combining Forms: Respiratory
Structures (cont’d)

pneum/o, pneumon/o,
pulm/o, pulmon/o

trache/o
lung (pneum/o
sometimes means
air)
trachea (windpipe)
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
12
Patterns of Respiration
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
13
Oximetry
A from Potter PA, Perry AG: Basic nursing, ed 7, St Louis, 2011, Mosby.
B Courtesy Ohmeda, Boulder CO
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
14
Spirometry
From Wilson SF, Thompson JM: Respiratory disorders, St Louis, 1990, Mosby.
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
15
Pneumothorax, Hemothorax
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
16
Orthopnea
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
17
Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms


pulmonologist
pneumonia, pneumonitis
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
18
Pulmonary Embolism
From Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, Fausto N: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, ed 8, Philadelphia, 2010,
Saunders.
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
19
Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms (cont’d)



pneumocentesis
pulmonary edema
rhinorrhea
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
20
Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms (cont’d)






aphonia, dysphonia
aphasia, dysphasia
laryngalgia
bronchitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis
sputum
shortness of breath (SOB)
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
21
Laryngeal Polyp
From Ignatavicius MS, Workman ML, Mishler MA: Medical-surgical nursing across the health care continuum, ed 5,
Philadelphia, 2006, Saunders-Elsevier.
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
22
Bronchoscopy
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
23
Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms (cont’d)





adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
asthma
asphyxiation
atelectasis, bronchiectasis
bronchography
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
24
Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms (cont’d)



lung cancer (carcinoma)
emphysema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
25
Carcinoma of the Lung
Copyright © 2011 Photo Researchers,
Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Courtesy PresMark Publishing Co
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
26
Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms (cont’d)






influenza
laryngitis
pleuritis
pneumoconiosis
silicosis
pulmonary embolism
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
27
Nasal Polyps
from Zitelli BJ, Davis HW: Atlas of pediatric diagnosis, ed 5, St Louis, 2007, Mosby.
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
28
Diseases, Disorders, and Diagnostic
Terms (cont’d)



severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
tuberculosis (TB)
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
29
Heimlich Maneuver
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
30
Endotracheal Intubation vs.
Tracheostomy Tube
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
31
Administration of Oxygen
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
32
Surgical and Therapeutic
Interventions




decongestants
antitussives
antihistamines
bronchodilators
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
33
Quick Quiz!
The inability to communicate through
speech is
A.
B.
C.
D.
aphasia
dysphasia
atelectasis
laryngalgia
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
34
Surgical and Therapeutic
Interventions, (cont’d)



lung biopsy
pneumonectomy, pneumectomy, lobectomy
rhinoplasty
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
35
Thoracocentesis, Thoracentesis
from Harkreader H, Hogan MA, Thobaben M: Fundamentals of nursing: Caring and clinical judgment, ed 3, St Louis,
2007, Mosby.
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
36
Thoracocentesis, Thoracentesis
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
37
Additional Word Parts





atel/o
coni/o
embol/o
home/o
-ole
imperfect
dust
embolus
sameness
little
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
38
Additional Word Parts (cont’d)




ox/o
-pnea
silic/o
spir/o
oxygen
breathing
silica
to breathe
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
39
Acronyms and Abbreviations





ARDS
COLD
COPD
LRT
SARS
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
40
Acronyms and Abbreviations (cont’d)





SIDS
SOB
TB
URT
VC
Copyright © 2013, 2011, 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
41