Chapter 99
Ectoparasiticides
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Ectoparasiticides
Parasites live on surface of host
Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei)
Pediculosis—lice (Pediculus humanus)
Pubic (pubis)
Head (capitis)
Body (corporis)
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Pharmacology of Ectoparasiticides
Topical drugs
Forms: creams, gels, lotions, shampoos
Principal agents
• Permethrin (Nix, Elimite, Acticin) – resistance can
develop
• Malathion (Ovide)
• Crotamiton (Eurax)
Oral treatment
Ivermectin (Stromectol)
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Permethrin
Trade names: Nix, Elimite, Acticin
Toxic to mites, lice, and their ova (also fleas
and ticks)
Residual activity up to 2 weeks after
treatment
Only one application is generally required
Devoid of serious side effects
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Malathion
Trade name: Ovide
Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor
Kills lice and their ova
Approved for treatment of head lice
Devoid of significant side effects
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Crotamiton
Trade name: Eurax
Used to treat scabies
Not indicated for pediculosis
Massaged into the skin of the entire body
A second application at 24 hours is needed
Treatment may be repeated in 7 days
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Pharmacology of Ectoparasiticides
Adverse effects
Skin irritation
Temporary burning, stinging, and numbness
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