Learning Style and Intelligence
Chapter 3
What is learning style?
Your learning style is your learning
preference.
How do
you like to
learn?
Knowing about your learning
style helps you to:
• Be more productive at school and
on the job
• Increase achievement
• Be more creative
• Improve problem solving
• Make better decisions
• Learn more effectively
Learning Style
• Visual
• Auditory
• Kinesthetic/Tactile
Learning Style Memory
Exercise
• 15 items will be passed around. Can
you remember them?
How did you remember the items?
Did you remember what you could see,
feel, hear or touch?
What is your strongest preference?
Learning Style Exercise: The Paper
Airplane
What worked best for you?
• Auditory
• Visual
• Or kinesthetic?
Visual Learners
• Learn through seeing and reading
• Prefer written directions
• Often good readers
Visual Learners Learn Best With:
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pictures
illustrations
photos
graphs
diagrams
maps
Visual Learning Techniques
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Mental photograph or video
Flash cards
Highlighting
Draw pictures to remember
Use pictures or symbols in the
margin to remember
• Draw a map or outline
Auditory Learners
• Learn through listening and talking
• Remember what they hear better
than what they see
Auditory Learners:
• Prefer to listen to instructions
• Often like to talk on the phone
or listen to music
• Learn best if they can hear and
see the assignment
Auditory Learning Techniques
• Discuss what you have learned with
others
• Participate in study groups
• Recite aloud
• Teach others what you have learned
• Use flash cards and say the items
• Use music in the background if it does not
distract you or use it as a break from studying
Kinesthetic/Tactile Learners
• Learn through doing
• Remember hands on activities
• Use their hands to build, create,
plant, draw or decorate
Kinesthetic/Tactile Learners:
• Learn the assignment best by using
physical activity
Kinesthetic/Tactile Learning
Techniques
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Read while walking or pacing
Study outside when practical
Take notes on lectures
Highlight or underline
Write summaries
Outline chapters
Think of practical applications
How does learning style affect
career choice?
For example, an architect would
probably have a strong preference for
visual learning.
What would be the common learning
preferences for most athletes?
Activity: Complete the Learning Style Quiz
in the Textbook
Brainstorm: Learning Techniques
• Four groups:
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Auditory
Visual
Tactile/kinesthetic
Combination types
• What learning techniques match
these preferences? Write them on
the board.
Productivity Environmental
Preference Survey (PEPS)
• Elements of learning style
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Environmental
Emotional
Sociological
Physical
Notice how these factors affect
productivity at school as well as on the
job.
Environmental
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Sound
Light
Temperature
Design (formal or informal)
Emotional
• Motivation
• Persistence
• Structure
Sociological
• Alone/peer
• Authority
Independent learning
Online learning
Instructor guided learning
Face to face courses
Physical
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Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Intake
Time of day
Mobility
How do these factors affect
productivity at school and on the
job?
Written Exercise
• Understanding your Peps Learning
Style Inventory
• What is your ideal environment for
learning and working?
Your Personality and Your
Learning Style
For review, what is your
personality type?
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Extravert or Introvert?
Sensing or Intuitive?
Thinking or Feeling?
Judging or Perceptive?
Learning Strategies for Different
Personality Types
Extraverts
• Learn best when in action
• Value physical activity
• Like to study with others
Extravert
• Learn by talking.
• Discuss what you have learned with others.
• Like variety and action. Take frequent breaks
and do something active.
Caution!
• Extraverts can get so distracted by activity
and socialization that the studying does not
get done.
Introverts
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Learn best by pausing to think
Value reading
Prefer to study individually
Need quiet for concentration
Introvert
• Find a quiet place to study by
yourself.
• Plan to study for longer periods of
time so you can concentrate.
• Find places with minimal distractions
such as the library.
• Turn off the phone.
Caution!
This type may miss out on sharing ideas with
others and the fun and social life of college.
Sensing
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Seeks specific information
Memorizes facts
Values what is practical
Follows instructions
Likes hands-on experience
Wants clear assignments
Sensing
• Good at mastering facts and details.
• Think about practical applications to
motivate yourself.
• Ask, “How can I use this.”
Caution!
This type may miss the big picture or general
outline by focusing too much on the facts and
details. Make a general outline to see the
relationship and meaning of the facts.
INtuitive
• Seeks quick insights
• Uses imagination to go beyond the
facts
• Values what is original
• Likes theories
• Reads between the lines
• Independent thinkers
INtuitive
• Good at learning concepts and
theories
• Ask yourself, “What is the main
point?”
Caution!
• Since this type focuses on general concepts
and theories, they are likely to miss the
details and facts. To learn the details,
organize them into broad categories that
have meaning for you.
Thinking
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Wants objective material to study
Logic guides learning
Likes to critique new ideas
Finds flaws in an argument
Learns by challenge and debate
Wants logical presentations
Thinking
• Thinking types are good at logic.
• Ask yourself, “What do I think of
these ideas?”
• Debate or discuss your ideas with
others.
• Allow time to think and reflect on your
studies.
Caution!
• These types construct logical arguments and
defend them. They may need to learn to
respect the ideas of others, especially feeling
types.
Feeling
• Wants to be able to relate to the material
personally
• Personal values are important
• Likes to please instructors
• Learns by being supported and appreciated
• Wants faculty who establish personal rapport
with students
Feeling
• Search for personal meaning to
motivate yourself.
• Help others to learn.
• Whenever possible, choose classes
that relate to your personal interests.
• Find a comfortable environment for
learning.
Caution!
• This type may neglect studies because of
time spent in helping others.
• They may find it difficult to pay attention to
material that is not personally meaningful.
Judging
• Find ways to organize the material to
learn it easier.
• If possible, select instructors who
present material in an organized way.
• Set goals and use a schedule to
motivate yourself.
• Use a daily planner or to-do list.
Caution!
• This type tends to be structured and
controlled which can limit creativity.
• They may be in conflict with others who are
less organized.
• They may be overachievers who get stressed
easily.
Perceptive
• Good at looking at the possibilities
and keeping the options open.
• Allow time to be thorough and
complete your work.
• Have fun while learning.
• Study in groups with a mixture of
perceptive and judging types.
Caution!
• This type may work on too many projects at
once.
• Work on managing your time to meet
deadlines.
Personality
ANOTHER LOOK
USE 2 LETTERS
ARE YOU:
Group Activity: Divide into 4
GROUPS
SJ
SP
NT
NF
Group Activity: Make a list of adjectives
that describe your favorite teacher. Have
the recorder write your responses on the
board.
Here are some typical responses.
Are yours similar?
SJ
SJ
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Responsible
Fair
Role model
Dedicated
Experienced
Take Charge
Specific
To the Point
Dependable
Practical
Prepared
In Control
Organized
Step by step
Precise
Rewards for Good Work
SP
SP
Unpredictable
Opportunities
Fun!
Sense of Humor
Interesting
On the Go
Different Perspectives
Laid Back
Exploration
Entertaining
Flexible
Variety
Patient
Try New Things
NF
NF
Open
Calm
Empathic
Mentor
Compassionate
Tolerant
Role Model
Creative
Honest
Personal
Tutor
Enabler
Helpful
Supportive
NT
NT
Knowledgeable
Logical Thinking
Competent
Analytical
Problem Solving
Lab Experiences
Challenging
Authoritative
Clear
Creative
Freedom
Inquisitive
Precise
Praises Ingenuity
Thorough
Intelligent
What if your personality does not match
the teacher’s personality?
Choose a different teacher..
What else?
• Adapt
• Tolerate
• Appreciate
• Understand
• Communicate
Group Activity: Adapting to
Different Teaching Styles
Free Write
• Describe your learning style.
• How does your personality affect
your learning style?
• How does learning style affect career
choice? For example, if you are a
judging type who is good at details
and organization, what career would
match this type?
Multiple Intelligences
Multiple Intelligences
• Developed by Howard Gardner
• Defined as the human ability to solve
problems or design or compose
things valued in at least one culture
• Broadens the scope of human
potential
Learning Style
• Intelligences put to work
• Measured by your performance
• You can develop these areas and
become competent in each one
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
•Verbal/Linguistic
•Logical-Mathematical
•Musical
•Visual/Spatial
•Bodily/Kinesthetic
•Intrapersonal
•Interpersonal
•Naturalist
•Existential
Three Factors
• Heredity
• Personal Life History
• Cultural and historical background
Key Idea: You can develop your multiple
intelligences.
Life History
• Crystallizers promote the
development of the intelligence.
• Paralyzers inhibit the development of
the intelligence.
What are some factors that affected
your intelligences early in life?
Your textbook provides an
opportunity to explore your
multiple intelligences. Use the
access code to take the MI
Advantage.
Choose Your Career with Multiple
Intelligence in Mind
Build on Your Strengths
Musical
Listening to music
Singing or playing
an instrument
Recognizing
musical patterns
Musical Smart
Careers
Disc Jockey
Music Teacher
Music Retailer
Music Therapist
Singer
Song Writer
Music Critic
Music Lawyer
Build on Your Strengths
Interpersonal
Communication
Social skills
Helping others
Resolve conflicts
People Smart
Careers
Cruise Director
Mediator
Human Resources
Dental Hygienist
Nurse
Psychologist
Social Worker
Marketer
Counselor
Build on Your Strengths
LogicalMathematical
Math aptitude
Interest in science
Problem solving
Logical thinking
Number Smart
Careers
Engineer
Accountant
Computer Analyst
Physician
Detective
Researcher
Scientist
Economist
Build on Your Strengths
Spatial
Visualization
Navigation
Reading
Writing
Picture Smart
Careers
Architect
Artist
Film animator
Mechanic
Pilot
Webmaster
Interior decorator
Graphic artist
Photographer
Build on Your Strengths
BodilyKinesthetic
Hand and eye
coordination
Athletics
Dance
Drama
Cooking
Learning by doing
Body Smart
Careers
Athlete
Carpenter
Craftsperson
Mechanic
Jeweler
Computer game
designer
Firefighter
Forest ranger
Physical therapist
Build on Your Strengths
Linguistic
Reading
Writing
Vocabulary
Spelling
Good listener
Good memory
Word Smart
Careers
Journalist
Writer
Editor
Attorney
Curator
Newscaster
Politician
Librarian
Comedian
Build on Your Strengths
Intrapersonal
Self-aware
Understand
emotions
Independent
Self-motivated
Self Smart
Careers
Career counselor
Wellness counselor
Therapist
Criminologist
Intelligence officer
Entrepreneur
Researcher
Actor
Artist
Build on Your Strengths
Naturalist
Aware of natural
surroundings
Preserve the
environment
Nature Smart
Careers
Park ranger
Dog trainer
Landscaper
Meteorologist
Veterinarian
Animal health technician
Ecologist
Wilderness guide
Environmental lawyer
Build on Your Strengths
Existential
Questioning
Purpose of life
Religious beliefs
Curiosity Smart
Careers
Counselor
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Social worker
Ministry
Philosopher
Artist
Scientist
Researcher
Emotional Intelligence
Interpersonal + Intrapersonal
The ability to recognize, control, and
evaluate your emotions while realizing
how they affect other people
Emotional Intelligence
Two Parts:
1. Understanding yourself, your goals,
intentions, responses and behavior
2. Understanding others and their
feelings
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence
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Express yourself
Work as part of a team
Concentrate
Remember
Make decisions
Deal with stress
Overcome challenges
Deal with conflict
Empathize with others
How Can You Develop Emotional
Intelligence?
Developing Emotional Intelligence
• Use empathy.
• Think about how your actions affect
others.
• Be intellectually curious.
• Give others credit for their
accomplishments.
• Work on stress management.
• Take a college course on verbal and
nonverbal communication.
• Take responsibility for your actions.
These intelligences work together in
complex ways to make us unique
individuals.
Textbook Activity:
Learning Style Applications
Keys to Success:
Create Your Success
Create Your Success
• We make decisions and choices that
create the future.
• Our behavior leads
to our success or failure.
Sometimes we blame others
• My parents did it to me.
• My teacher gave me a poor grade.
• My boss gave me a poor evaluation.
When we take responsibility for our
actions, we create our success.
Ask these questions:
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How did I create this situation?
How can I make the best of it?
What can I do about it now?
If I didn’t create it, how do I choose to
react to it?
Caution!
• Sometimes you do not create it all.
• You can still choose your attitude and
reaction to what has happened.
Steven Covey
• Author of Seven Habits of Highly
Effective People.
• Chooses to use the word:
response-ability
• Suggests that we use
resourcefulness and initiative to
create the future we want
5 Minute Quick Write
Create Your Success