2203 – 2014 - Developing capacity to address challenges of
commercial pressure over land for large-scale investment in
agriculture, energy, and minerals exploitation
Tanzania: Main Coordinator
Prof. J.M.; Lusugga Kironde
School of Real Estate Studies (SRES)
Ardhi University,
P.O. Box 35176,
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Email: lusuggakironde@gmail.com
Telephone: +255 715 635 246
Sweden: Main Coordinators
Dr Eva Liedholm Johnson
KTH Royal Institute of Technology,
Department of Real Estate and Construction
Management,
Division of Real Estate Planning and Land
Law,
Telephone: +46 8 790 86 19 (work)
E-mail: eva.liedholm.johnson@abe.kth.se
Dr Jenny Paulsson
KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Department of Real Estate and Construction
Management,
Division of Real Estate Planning and Land
Law,
Telephone: +46 8 790 6661
E-mail address: jenny.paulsson@abe.kth.se
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Summary
There is a worldwide move by investors to acquire large swathes of land in Africa, including
Tanzania, for large-scale investment in agri-business and the exploitation of natural resources
including oil and gas and other minerals. Advantages of this are said to include national food
security, employment generation and capital investment in rural infrastructure. However, the
onslaught is generating major ill-effects including loss by native populations of property rights to
land, water, forests, and common pool resources, which results in displacement, poverty and
conflicts. This particularly negatively affects vulnerable groups including pastoralists, hunters
and gatherers, and women and children. The proposed research training partnership is to build
analytical capacity, which is currently missing, to address the challenges emanating out of this
move. The program will involve a training and research subcomponent leading to two PhDs
conducted on a sandwich basis between SRES of ARU and DRECM of KTH, whereby the course
curriculum will be developed and delivered jointly and candidates will be awarded a double PhD
at both KTH and ARU; and a new masters course developed jointly and conducted at ARU. The
other sub-component is research whose primary objective is to build capacity to address the
current problems facing the land sector with the view of generating and disseminating knowledge
that will be useful to policy makers, land rights holders and investors on how to achieve a winwin situation. Non-PhD research projects will be in the areas of land rights and oil and gas and
other minerals exploitation; alternatives to large-scale land acquisition, including packaging land
and labour into equity ventures; and, land conflicts and their resolution. The topics of research in
this subcomponent support the training subcomponent in that they are in the same areas but with
more orientation to policy making and the developing of tools for practitioners that can lead to a
land rights owners and investor friendly framework. The importance of this research supporting
sub-component is that it will be addressing issues that are currently afflicting national and
regional economic and social development endeavours. The knowledge generated through the
programme will ultimately contribute to poverty alleviation and inclusive development.
Popular Science description
This programme will be based on training and research on internal and external dynamics leading
to commercial pressure over land in Tanzania including addressing issues of food security, oil
and gas and alternative energy supply; large-scale land acquisition and resettlement and
alternatives to it; and the impacts on communal land rights, and the resultant conflicts and
approaches put in place or possible for conflict resolution.
Examining internal and external dynamics in commercial pressure over land will be aiming at
identifying and quantifying the economic, social, political and technological forces that are
behind the current observed onslaught by various institutions and individuals on acquiring as
much land as possible in various parts of Tanzania for commercial exploitation.
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It will also be analyzing processes of extinguishing land rights and resettling or otherwise
compensating the affected populations focusing on applications and possibilities of using
alternative approaches such as land for equity, contract farming; land sharing and land banking.
In third place, the programme seeks to look at land acquisition and resettlement to pave way to
commercial exploitation of land. The resulting conflicts among various groups and the current
application of existing conflict resolutions and their outcomes will be analysed.
Proper understanding of commercial pressures on land is a key input in national economic
development, equitable access to property rights, poverty reduction, environmental protection and
ensuring of peace, order and good governance.
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ENCLOSURE 1
1.
Introduction
All land resources in Tanzania are under immense pressure from the rapidly growing national
population which was 34.4 million in 2002 and had grown to 44.9 million in 2012. Conflicts over
access, control and management of land resources involving farmers, hunters and gatherers,
pastoralists, investors and public authorities are increasing. Evictions of indigenous peoples from
land to give way to investors have been going on for some time now. The advent of large-scale
commercial investors has made an already delicate situation, worse. Indeed Tanzania is among
the countries with the highest rate of foreign land acquisitions in Africa.
There is international concern over large-scale land investment and several Guidelines have been
developed. The African Union (AU) Guiding Principles on Large Scale Land Based Investments
in Africa urges AU member states to implement legal and policy reforms on land governance and
large scale land based investments (LSLBI) requiring them to ensure that investments in
agricultural land do not dispossess existing land rights holders. FAO’s Voluntary Guidelines on
Land, Fisheries and Forests (FAO VGs) and the World Bank’s Principles for Responsible
Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems, carry the same message
In November 2010, the government released Guidelines for Sustainable Liquid Biofuels
Development in Tanzania which put a ceiling on land acquisition to 20,000ha per investor.
However, the New Alliance on Food Security and Nutrition initiative, aiming at agricultural
commercialisation, earmarked large investment areas of up to 60,000ha each. Several lines of
public policy emphasize large-scale investment in land. The KILIMO KWANZA (Agriculture is a
Priority) initiative’s central objective is to pioneer Tanzania’s Green Revolution through
transforming its agriculture into a modern and commercial sector by making land available for
investment. A related project, Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor, Tanzania (SAGCOT) aims
at the expansion of investment in agribusiness. The Big Results Now (BRN) initiative has a focus
on large land acquisition for energy and natural gas and agriculture. Policies related to mineral
resources, oil and gas exploration and exploitation point to the need to attract investors.
However, studies on the impact of this large scale land acquisition on national socio-economic
development have been limited. The impact of the various Guidelines has also been limited partly
as a result of limited capacity to implement them. The approach to large-scale investment has
created anxiety among various stakeholders including farmers’ associations, civil society
organisations and academia, wary of the practice of allocating big swathes of land to investors,
without adequate compensation to villagers and with no general policy on large-scale land-based
investment in place. With increasing pressures on land, the Government is seeking efficient,
equitable and sustainable mechanisms to make land accessible for investment and the generation
of employment opportunities without compromising the security of rural land holders, by using
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approaches like land for equity or contract farming. This is where this research comes in to
provide the relevant inputs and build capacity.
The focus of this program will be on providing skills and approaches that will make it possible to
have land available for investment in a win-win situation between investors, land owners and the
nation at large and will include valuation of land rights for investment, compensation and
resettlement and protecting traditional land rights from the negative impacts of commercial land
exploitation.
2.
Background
Ardhi University and the School of Real Estate Studies (SRES) have a record of cooperation with
Swedish Universities supported by SIDA since at least 1996. This has involved Masters and Phd,
as well as non-degree research in areas of real estate, valuation, land administration and land
management, housing and others.
Although during previous years, research capacities regarding training of staff and improvement
of facilities have been built, there still exist the needs to expand them in order to confront a more
challenging situation characterized by growing population, land scarcity, and enhanced demand
for land from local and external forces, which are putting a stress on continued social harmony
and may negate efforts at poverty eradication, environmental protection and the creation of an
equitable society in consonance with the ideals of the Millennium Development Goals and the
period thereafter. The PhDs, the new Masters course and research will be crucial for the
perspectives of the development of SRES towards a new phase.
2.1. The context of the program in relation to the Ardhi University Concept Paper
The Ardhi University (ARU) Concept Note emphasizes the importance of judicious management
of national land resources. It notes that while the management of land resource is inefficient there
is also external pressure for large scale land acquisition for investment in farming, mining,
exploitation of oil and gas and other uses. In order to effectively manage land based matters
related to oil and gas sector and ensure effective management of public expectations as provided
for in the National Natural Gas Policy of Tanzania (2013) and the Local Content Policy of
Tanzania for Oil and Gas Industry (2014), tertiary and other research and training institutions
including ARU have to be capacitated to enable them effectively contribute in the implementation
of these policies.
The ARU Strategic Plan has also a reference to this issue since it reads as follows: “There is a
growing wave of large-scale international and domestic land acquisitions for investments driven
by a number of factors such as changes in demand for food, energy and natural resources, along
with liberalisation of trade regimes. These are making the competition for land increasingly
global and unequal. This is an area where future IRP for ARU could focus”.
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Ardhi University is at the centre of initiatives to address the multifaceted problems of inefficient
land administration systems confronting the society. Being a dedicated Institution in the country
for providing training, conducting research and offering public services in the fields of land and
environmental management under one umbrella, ARU is also a critical player in matters pertinent
to investment in land in the development of the oil and gas industry, other mining activities and
large-scale land acquisition. It is important that the capacity that has been built is further
strengthened so as to generate more knowledge and innovative solutions that can address the fore
mentioned land administration problems and ultimately contribute to poverty reduction.
Moreover, we expect to enhance the approach of academia to society throughout the
dissemination of the knowledge and the piloting of developed appropriate tools and facilities to
ensure the equitable access and exploitation of land resources; results which should attract the
attention of both the Tanzanian government as well as the international community.
Thus, this research proposal is within the conceptual note of ARU.
2.2.
The problem that is to be addressed by the research training/research strengthening
component program
The pressure to acquire large areas of land and to engage in large-scale investment and mineral
exploitation is causing major problems pitting rural land holders against investors as well as
public authorities. The government wants investors to come in to produce food and bio-fuels;
generate employment opportunities and invest in rural infrastructure, as well as exploit natural
resources. Problems created by the advent of investors include: loss, by native populations, of
property rights to land, water, forest, common pool resources; outright displacement;
environmental pollution, and conflicts over access to land resources.
The problem to be addressed is the dynamics behind large-scale land acquisition and its
consequences; and to develop and disseminate tools that can be operationalised to ensure an
efficient, equitable and sustainable framework for exploitation of land and natural resources for
the benefit of the nation and its inhabitants.
2.3.
The relevance of the research area and demand of expertise in the chosen field for
the country’s development challenges.
A key development challenge which Tanzania is facing is reducing poverty among the citizens,
the majority of whom depend on land for their livelihood and social security. Land is a key
resource in socio-economic development of the country with over 80 % of the Tanzania rural
population dependent on subsistence agriculture.
As noted in the proposed Strategic Plan for Implementation of Land Laws (SPILL), Ardhi
University has been the traditional source of land sector professionals at the tertiary level in the
country. The training of new PhD students will in the first place increase a group of researchers
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that is being built. Secondly, the new research group will increase the number of activities, which
will consider the needs of society and relationships with the Tanzanian private sector and will
work with many stakeholders.
The proper utilization of land and protection of property rights will contribute to the economic
and social development of the country helping in this way to fight poverty. The new PhD students
in this program will have the capacity to link theoretical and empirical studies with agricultural
production as well as mineral extraction, which will translate into benefits for rural communities,
who are generally the poorer sector of the Tanzanian population, diversifying the agricultural
sector with the corresponding generation of employment for rural people.
2.4.
The approach chosen to capacity building.
2.4.1 Research Training Programme
Researchers that participate in the Sida collaboration program and Masters students within the
corresponding research areas at SRES will form part of the research team. As a consequence, it is
expected that experiences in education and scientific research will be shared between
undergraduate and postgraduate students in Tanzania and Sweden. Therefore, the research
capacity in Tanzania will be enhanced along with a national network of stakeholders in land and
property rights.
Ardhi University is at the centre of initiatives to address the multifaceted problems of inefficient
land administration system confronting the society. Being a dedicated institution in the country
for providing training, conducting research and offering public services in the fields of land and
environmental management under one umbrella, ARU is also a critical player in matters pertinent
to investment in land in the development of the oil and gas industry as well as large-scale
agriculture. It is important that the capacity that has been built from previous phases of
collaboration is further strengthened so as to generate more knowledge and innovative solutions
that can address the fore mentioned land administration problems and ultimately contribute to
poverty reduction.
SRES along with research centers at KTH, namely DRECM, in Sweden plan to co-operate in this
research endeavour, leading to PhDs on a sandwich basis; a new masters course developed
jointly, and non-PhD research projects. Non-PhD research will involve a wider net of actors
including young graduates, practitioners as well as communities. Papers that will be published as
a result of the research will improve the chances of the involved staff to promotion, but also to
have the capacity to undertake further research. A practitioners’ manual will be one of the
products that will help staff not only to discharge their duties better but also to be in position to
offer services to both the public and private sectors.
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The partnership will collaborate in curriculum development and teaching of the programme.
Visiting lecturers from DRECM of KTH will strengthen the training capacity in the School.
There will be two types of students for the envisaged programme:
(1) 2 PhD Students on a sandwich arrangement and who will be recruited from amongst
ARU staff and tasked to continue their teaching careers with the ARU.
(2) Masters students who will be recruited from the industry. It is planned that some of these
get partial SIDA sponsorship, but in general they will have to make their arrangements
for sponsorship. The Masters course curriculum will be developed in tandem with the
PhD programme above. This course will be preparing students to proceed to PhD should
they qualify and wish to.
Sandwich PhD students (who will eventually get double degrees) will be registered at both ARU
and KTH and will spend at least 30% of time in each of the partner Universities. To enhance
capacity amongst the participating partners, the proposal strives for joint research and
publications in the cognate areas.
SRES has adequate capacity to execute the programme, with 12 PhD holders, a full professor and
several Masters’ holders a good number of whom are undergoing higher degree studies. All these
stand to benefit from the programme.
To reach educational sustainability, the program will seek to have the collaboration of the
Government, Local Authorities, Public Agencies, the private sector (such as the Tanzania
Business Council) NGOs as well as international institutions such as the FAO and AU. SRES has
initiated such contacts with all these institutions. SRES for example has a representative on the
Tanzania National Business Council serving on its Land Committee.
It is expected that the approach of academia to society will attract the interest of the Tanzanian
Authorities to research findings destined to improve the life conditions and quality of life of the
citizens. Researchers in Tanzania realize that sustainability would be also improved by combining
the research capacities of different institutions in Tanzania and Sweden through the network
established. Hence, various research centers will benefit from the collaboration of Sida and are
likely to continue the collaboration in future projects.
2.4.2 Research Supporting Component
2.4.2.1 Problem Statement
The Tanzanian Government, as do other governments in the region, believes in attracting
investors to exploit national land resources. Envisaged benefits include national food self
sufficiency, employment and poverty alleviation, improvements in rural infrastructure, increased
government revenue and possibly technology and innovation diffusion.
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Early evidence suggests that Tanzania has to get prepared to handle this large-scale investment in
the exploitation of natural resources. Projects that have been undertaken have yielded an outcry
from local communities, and national and international activists, that these are rendering large
numbers of people landless, or with limited or no access to certain key land rights. Conflicts
involving large-scale land investors are abound. This has created a dilemma for handling which,
capacity has to be built,
All research activities in Tanzania will also be coordinated with their Swedish counterparts.
Planned Research Activities will revolve around the three headings and sub-headings of:
1. Dynamics of commercial pressure over land
1.1. Large-scale land acquisition and food security
1.2. Oil and gas and other minerals exploitation and land rights
2. Large-scale land acquisition and resettlement and alternatives to it
2.1. Land acquisition, compensation and resettlement
2.2. Alternatives to large-scale land acquisition
3. Communal land rights, Conflicts and Conflict Resolution
3.1. Rural Land Rights
3.2. Land Conflicts and their Resolution
Activities will include workshops, literature survey, and fieldwork in selected regions that have
had the largest impact of large-scale land acquisition by investors. It is hoped to conduct the
research in three years and then spend the rest of the two years on developing operations manuals,
information dissemination, and training.
Research in these areas will be based on extensive literature survey covering local, regional and
global scenes. Interviews will be carried out, with officials, the business community, academia,
development partners, NGOs, professional organizations, investors and business chambers, FBOs
and other interested stakeholders. Fieldwork will be undertaken in areas where large-scale land
based investment has taken place and detailed studies carried out to establish how the land was
acquired, how the rights of local communities were defined and compensated, how benefits are
shared, how the future livelihood and development strategies of the local communities were
secured, e.g. in terms of resettlement, and how the nation at large is benefitting or possibly losing.
Fieldwork will also be undertaken in conflict-prone areas to establish the causes as well as
workable solutions.
The study will involve both Swedish and Tanzanian Researchers who will bring their experience
to assist in unraveling this seemingly entangled problem. Basing on local and international
experience, models will be developed that for example can ensure benefits without the loss of
land rights, or without leading to conflicts.
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Stakeholder workshops are envisaged both as inputs into the research at the early stage of the
study; to validate the findings; and as a way of disseminating the recommendations of the study.
Moreover, it is expected that practitioners’ manuals and tools will be developed; that numerous
stakeholders will be trained to both ensure and defend land rights for affected communities.
The research will include senior researchers as well as upcoming researchers as a way of building
capacity within SRES. Masters students at ARU will also be involved. This will equip them with
the capacity to pursue higher degrees and also engage in research.
The whole research project is expected to extend over a period of five years. Research per se, i.e.
data collection will be done in the first three years. The rest of the two years will be for
developing practitioners’ tools and manuals and to disseminate this information throughout the
country and globally through published journal papers. The matrix below shows objectives,
outputs and outcomes.
The capacity built within the University will create a core group of experts in land rights and
commercial investment in land which should attract the interests of bodies such as the World
Bank, FAO, AU, East African Community, Regional Economic Communities and others who
will want to work with SRES in packaging land-based investments. Locally the Ministry of
Lands, the Ministry of Trade and Commerce, (including its operational arm the Tanzania
Investment Centre), the Ministry for Local Government, and various local government authorities
would be interested. This should see the results going on beyond the Sida support period.
2.4.3 Long Term Strategy for Capacity Development: New taught PhD/Masters
Programme
2.4.3.1 Purpose of a new local PhD Training
A taught PhD Training program is proposed with the aim of preparing students to uncover
essential insights into the workings of the Commercial Pressure over land in a changing economic
environment of the 21st century. The PhD programme seeks to develop students’ understanding of
the impetus of large scale land acquisition on property rights and approaches to achieving an
equitable and efficient exploitation of land resources.
Students will be exposed to theories of land tenure and land rights and economic and social
packages that can lead to satisfying the needs of the global demand for land while protecting and
indeed benefitting local societies and economies. The role of the international community,
national and local governments, financiers and marketers will be considered. International
guidelines and best practices will be examined.
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2.4.3.2 Rationale
Currently, the School of Real Estate Studies has one PhD programme in Land Management
which is research based. This is founded on the traditional English Education system that has
characterized doctoral education in Tanzania. With a fast changing world and the need to expose
research students to a structured scientific way of investigation, ARU has no other option than
introducing taught PhD courses.
On the other hand, the onset of the global rush for land demands rethinking of the education
system as it relates to land and land rights. The proposed new PhD training is expected to address
the emerging challenges; aligning itself to similar development elsewhere across the globe, and
introducing a more efficient PhD training practice in Tanzania.
2.4.3.3 Description of the Programme
To realize the key component of the research and training programme in Challenges of
commercial pressure over land for large scale investment in agriculture, energy and minerals
exploitation as contained in the ARU Concept Note, three key activities have been identified:
1. Enhancing existing training capacity in Land Resources Management. It is proposed
that Sida supports two PhD training from amongst the SRES staff on a sandwich model.
Upon graduation, the new PhD will take part in running the envisaged new post graduate
training both at MSc level in Land Resources Management and taught PhD Courses in the
school.
2. Setting up new Post Graduate Training in Land Resources Management at Ardhi
University. It is proposed that during the first year of Sida support, the School develops
an appropriate curriculum that reflects on the local needs and in particular the emerging
challenges of the global land rush in the wake of increasing local demand for land due to
demographic factors; and in the wake of falling productivity of land in view of loss of
fertility, vagaries of weather, pests and diseases and so on. The curriculum development
should aim at setting up a new Masters Degree in Land Resources Management and
taught PhD courses focusing on the three key areas already referred to above namely:
1. Dynamics of commercial pressure over land
1.1. Large-scale land acquisition and food security
1.2. Oil and gas and other minerals exploitation and land rights
2. Large-scale land acquisition and resettlement and alternatives to it
2.1. Land acquisition, compensation and resettlement
2.2. Alternatives to large-scale land acquisition
3. Communal land rights, Conflicts and Conflict Resolution
3.1. Rural Land Rights
3.2. Land Conflicts and their Resolution
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The new program will have two modules in which the first module would cover the key
underlying skills in analysing both land property rights and capital investment and returns
in agriculture and mining while the second module would be an elective. The Masters
programme will have in addition have a clear research profile that will enable students on
this programme to proceed to PhD topics in the areas taught in the programme.
3. Non-PhD Research in Challenges of commercial pressure over land for large-scale
investment in agriculture, energy and mineral exploitation: This will cover the topics
for the PhD/Master programme and therefore provide a link between theory and practice.
Academic staff from the two partners as well as their students will have a chance to
participate in this research from which a number of publications and a Practitioners’
Manual are some of the expected outputs.
The proposed taught PhD program is a substantial departure from the traditional PhD programs
that are offered at ARU. The rationale for introducing taught PhD courses is in line with best
practice elsewhere and in particular at Swedish Universities and the dire need to re-orient
students to scientific thinking. Sida support will be sought on staff exchange programme that will
enable DRECM-KTH/ARU-SRES partners from the second year of the programme to run
courses lasting up to 3 weeks at ARU.
To endear participating staff and institutions, it is proposed that results of collaborative researches
should be presented as well in jointly-organized symposia. Such an undertaking will prove useful
in dissemination research results and in instilling appetite for research amongst those attending
the symposia. For purpose of sustaining and relevancy to the society, the research topics should
as far as possible reflects on the needs of the national economies.
2.4.3.4 Recruitment
Recruitment base: Students for the PhD program will be recruited from graduates of the School
of Real Estate Studies undergraduate programmes both those employed at ARU and outside,
graduates of Land Administration, Land Resources Management Land Law and similar
programmes from other Universities within and without Tanzania
2.4.3.5 Curriculum Development
Ardhi University has well defined procedures and guidelines for curriculum development. Under
these guidelines, the respective School is responsible for curriculum development with guidance
from the Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor, Academics Affairs. In developing the proposed
curriculum guidelines as well as the approval procedures in place will be observed.
Methodology for Curriculum Development
The School will appoint a team of 4 senior staff well versed in curriculum development and real
estate market operations that will be responsible for developing two curricula, the MSc Land
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Resources Management and the Proposed PhD Taught Courses. The Team will consult with the
KTH Staff in the partnership. The involvement of the KTH Staff is at level of visit to the KTH
and review of proposed curricula. There are 5 key tasks to be performed towards the curriculum
development. These are summed up in Table No. 1 below.
Table 1: Schedule of Curriculum Development Activities for the MSc and Taught PhD
Courses (LRM)
Activity
1
Define training needs(Tracer studies and
Best Practice Surveys)
2
Develop
training
curriculum
and
materials(Consultations with KTH)
3
Conduct Stakeholders Meetings
4
Revision of Proposed Curricula
5
Final Curriculum Approval ARU
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Admission (October 2016)
2015/16
2016/17
Approval of Curriculum for a New PhD Program
Approval of new graduate program and its curriculum at ARU follows the following process:
i)
Department and School Approval
The proposal that will be ultimately approved by the University Council is initially reviewed by
the respective department staff and approved by the Departmental Meeting before being
submitted to the Dean of School for submission to the respective School Board for scrutiny and
approval.
ii) Senate Postgraduate Committee Approval
Once the proposal is approved by the School board it is submitted to the Office of Postgraduate
Research for evaluation and scrutiny with regards to adherence to guidelines for New Graduate
Program proposal before being tabled to the Senate Higher Degrees, Research and Publications
Committee (SHDRPC). The (SHDRPC) is a technical Committee of the Senate and hence it deals
with all technical aspects of the program. At the (SHDRPC), the Dean of the School proposing
the New Program make an oral presentation and addresses clarifies issues that may arise. If
approved by this committee, the DVC AA forwards the proposal to the University Council, which
meets quarterly.
iii) University Council
A summary of the proposed program and its curriculum is presented to the University Council.
The Council reviews the proposal summary and makes the final evaluation and authorization.
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iv) External Approvals
The Universities Act of 2005 provides for seeking approval on all new programs and curriculum
development from the Tanzania Commission for Universities.
The approval process alone takes between six to twelve months to complete
2.4.3.6 Collaboration with Swedish University
The School of Real Estate Studies (SRES) at ARU has proposed collaboration with the
Department of Real Estate and Construction Management (DRECM) of the Division of Real
Estate Planning and Land Law (DREPLL) within the School of Architecture and Built
Environment at the KTH (see Appendix for MoU).
2.4.3.7 Teaching/supervision capacity
The School of Real Estate Studies has a total of 40 staff among whom; 12 have PhD’s in real
estate fields mainly in land management and property valuation, 25 have MSc’s and 5 BSc.’s. Six
staff members are in the last stages of their PhD’s. It is expected the two staff who will be
completing PhD studies under Sida Support on a sandwich model at the KTH will be tasked to
run the new MSc Programme and participate in teaching of the proposed PhD Courses for the
new PhD programme at ARU.
During the first two years of the programme, KTH partners will be expected to offer lectures to
the new programme that will last no more than two weeks twice a year. It is expected that KTH –
BRE will avail its training facilities for the two proposed sandwich students and participate in
developing curriculum for the two programmes that the School of Real Estate Studies desires.
2.4.3.8 International exposure
a. Visits to Swedish university
PhD students for the proposed new 4-year PhD training at ARU may spend some time up to 10
months at the KTH for purpose of literature review and consultation with experienced real estate
staff at the KTH. Funding for this international exposure will primarily be from students’ own
sources while the KTH-ARU partnership will facilitate the visit in an exchange programme.
The total number of students on the new PhD Programme is expected to reach 20 by 2020
initially admissions would be from amongst ARU Academic Staff and with time there could be
admissions from practicing professionals particularly from those who will have graduated with
Masters from MSc LRM program. Given Ardhi University unique position within the Eastern
Africa region, it is expected that there would be new admissions particularly from Rwanda and
Ethiopia where real estate programs are being established at undergraduate level. Sida support
will be sought on staff exchange programme for purpose of running PhD Courses and in thesis
supervision.
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Table 2: Expected PhD (taught) Enrollment at ARU 2016-2020
Originating
ARU Academics
From Industry
From other Universities
Total
Academic Year
2016/17
2
1
1
4
2017/18
2
1
1
4
2018/19
2
2
2
6
2019/20
2
2
2
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b. Conferences (establish how often and students will present at international conferences)
Students’ presentation at conference and other scientific forums are an important component of
PhD training. Under the Sida support, only PhD students who are employees of the Ardhi
University would be considered for assistance to attend conferences. Ideally a PhD student should
attend at least two conferences during his training, at the beginning of his PhD studies as a way of
developing his research topic and immediately after his PhD fieldwork.
c. Network (how will the university support the students to international networking)
There are no specific demands for supporting students to international networking. Instead PhD
students under the programme would be encouraged to use web technology for interaction with
other universities and students.
ARU has well established links with municipal governments in Tanzania as well as the Ministry
of Lands, Housing and Human Settlement Development and an evolving relationship with
Pension Schemes and some of the Commercial Banks. Our proposal is premised on these
relations that we strongly believe will help sustain the research training programmes. It is
proposed to involve the Valuation Division at the Ministry of Lands as the main laboratory for
testing research results for the proposed research projects on indexation. All past collaboration
between the School of Real Estate Studies and government departments will be made use of as a
necessary measure towards educational sustainability of the proposed training.
3.
Benefits and added value for the partnership between the Target University and
Swedish universities (in the short and the long term).
Short term: The short term benefits for the partnering institution will be the increased number of
PhD trained staff as well as increased knowledge obtained by supervisors in both institutions. The
partner institutions will also benefit by retaining various books, equipment and other research
instruments bought during implementation of the programme.
Long term: Researchers in Sweden and Tanzania have recognized the need for and agreed on
developing research and training together. SRES contributes with local experience as well as
15
growing and tested competence. The Swedish partner universities are expected to contribute with
a long-term experience and matured long-term insights.
The benefits for the target university are the further development of the research capacities in the
three identified strategic areas. The benefits for the collaborating Swedish partner universities are
that they obtain an opportunity to further develop their research within these areas in
collaboration with the target university and also position themselves to get insights into the
dynamics of land and property rights in a developing country, which in turn can lead to the
attraction of more resources.
SRES also expects to develop a post-graduate education in land resources management. The
research partnership is intended to serve as a base for this development. A Masters program will
provide the theoretical background on the field to the students during the first year, while joint
research activities between the Master degree and PhD students will be performed during the
second year. Several students are expected to form part of the Masters Degree program.
Moreover, the Masters Degree program should turn into a PhD program with the help and
guidance of Professors in Sweden. Masters degree students interested in continuing with their
education in land resources management research will form part of the PhD program. The
Tanzanian PhD program should warrant quality of the research and education to allow an
interaction with PhD programs in Sweden.
Through peer reviewed publications and a practitioners’ manual that will be one of the outputs
produced from the research components and those from the PhD dissertations the University
visibility will increase. In turn this is likely to attract more potential collaborative research
activities and consultancies not only with Swedish Institutions but also from many other countries
that will be interested in working with ARU researchers on relevant research areas including land
and property rights for development.
Both Tanzanian and Swedish researchers agree that there is need for high level research in land
rights and how they are impacted upon by the land rush. Swedish collaborators have a long
experience in land management and have tutored several theses connected to land use in Tanzania
as well as arranging seminars with students from Tanzania. One of the collaborators has specific
knowledge in the field on mineral rights and the other has specific knowledge about property
rights, 3-D property rights and compensation issues. This research will therefore be informing to
these ongoing programmes.
Moreover, KTH has a long history of collaboration with ARU. This partnership will enable ARU
researchers to exchange knowledge with KTH researchers; as well as enabling the two
institutions to take up (more) postgraduate ad exchange students. It will be possible in future to
develop short-term courses on areas of large-scale land based investments which will draw in
practitioners and activists to enhance their knowledge on these issues. Moreover, ARU has a
16
Land Administration Unit (LAU) whose capacity will now be enhanced to run short courses.
Swedish exchange or visiting students from KTH can benefit from this.
Further benefits are expected from the at least three papers that will be jointly produced and
published in international referred journals.
4.
Plans and expected outcome of the selected research training area of focus.
(Enclosure 2)
See enclosure 2 for the matrix of results showing objectives, outcomes and outputs; as well as the
envisaged Action Plan
5.
Capacity Development Process: Brief outline of planned activities
The main goal of the research programme on the challenges of commercial pressure over land for
large-scale investment in agriculture, energy and mineral exploitation is to establish baseline
knowledge on land tenure and property rights and how these can open up to large-scale
investment in agribusiness, mining, oil and gas and the commercial exploitation of land
resources. An important objective of the research programme is to explore issues that may hinder
the efficient and equitable exploitation of land resources and whether national policy, legal and
regulatory frameworks support this exploitation. Three key research areas and training themes
have been identified:
1. Dynamics of Commercial Pressure over land
2. Large-scale land acquisition and resettlement, and alternatives to it; and,
3. Communal land rights, conflicts and conflict resolution
Sida support is sought on 3 components to realize the objectives of the identified research and
training programme, namely:
1. Funding for curriculum development for a taught Phd Programme
2. Funding for Curriculum Development for a taught masters programme and partial
sponsorship for initial applicants
3. Non-Phd Major Research
Given that the research areas are inter-twined, Phd candidates will be free to choose their areas of
concentration. Non-PhD research however will endeavour to cover the three topics.
The envisaged research activities will be coordinated through the School of Real Estate Studies in
collaboration with KTH Department of Real Estate and Construction Management in the Division
of Real Estate Planning and Land Law Building. The research approval process will however be
through the ARU Research Approval Procedures for management reasons.
17
5.1
Training Support
Current knowledge on land tenure and property rights is not well prepared to confront the current
pressure for commercial exploitation of land resources. Indeed, some observers see the current
global land rush as a new colonisation of Africa. Thus experts to deal with this challenge must be
prepared. Areas like oil and gas are relatively new. Concepts like land for equity and contract
farming are hardly known in both government and in the academia. Thus, the importance of this
training and research support.
Dynamics of commercial pressure over land
The number of professionals among staff and field practitioners well-versed in the intricacies of
commercial pressure over land in Tanzania needs to be increased to reach a critical mass to
strengthen research and operating capacity. Therefore, training of PhD students, on a sandwich
basis, should focus on the areas indicated below:
1.
Large-scale land acquisition and food security
One perceived advantage of large-scale acquisition is the possibility of leading to national food
security. There is however, a danger that native populations may lose their land and divert their
labour from producing food for their sustenance to getting employed on new farms, as well as
losing food diversity. Also there have been arguments that much of the food grown in
agribusiness deals is exported to those investing countries. As such, knowledge of intricacies of
large-scale investment in land may not lead to food self-sufficiency in the country.
2.
Oil and gas and other minerals exploitation and land rights
It has been established in recent years that Tanzania is endowed with natural resources in many
parts of the country and these include oil and gas, gold and nickel and diamonds. Exploitation of
these has invariably led to displacement of people, environmental damage and also claims and
counter claims for compensation and benefit sharing. Large-scale social agitation has taken place
in some parts of the country against natural resources exploitation without assurances of benefits
to the local population. As such, training in how the exploitation of natural resources can benefit
the local populations as well as the nation at large is necessary if a peaceful and equitable society
is to be realized.
Alternatives to large-scale land acquisition and resettlement
Large-scale land acquisition has been perceived as leading to hardship among local population in
that they lose their land rights without adequate compensation and resettlement arrangements. It
has been identified that capacity is lacking to address issues of compulsory land acquisition and
involuntary resettlement. Moreover capacity is lacking to package land investment projects
without land acquisition. Alternatives include land for equity, land/benefit sharing and contract
farming but there are no experts to package these in investment deals.
18
Therefore, the training of the new PhD student should focus on the areas indicated below:
1.
Land acquisition, compensation and resettlement
Governments in many parts of the world have powers to acquire land from its owners
compulsorily for public purposes which, in the case of Tanzania, include mining for minerals or
oil, and/or agricultural development. Research is needed to establish the rationale for compulsory
land acquisition; valuation of interests to be acquired; packaging compensation and resettling the
affected populations so that they are in an equal or even better situation that before their
acquisition.
Training in the theory and practice of land acquisition and compensation is essential in order to
enable the exploitation of land resources but without making the land owners whose land is
acquired bear the brunt of all the adverse effects of that.
2.
Alternatives to large-scale land acquisition
In view of the widespread dissatisfaction with compulsory land acquisition, alternative
approaches have been suggested. These include land for equity where the value of the land that is
supposed to be acquired becomes the equity of the landowners in the enterprise. Among the
disadvantages of this approach is the fact that landowners may not get any benefits as long as the
enterprise is presented as not making profit year in, year out by the large scale investor who has
control of inputs and intricate knowledge of the market.
Contract farming, is another alternative, where land is not acquired but the owners produce
products to the specifications of the investor, who may give them seeds, and fertilizers and may
take the whole produce at a price fixed by him.
International investors are usually protected by their governments and have an array of lawyers to
make sure things are on the right side as far as their interests are concerned. That is the reason
why capacity must be built at ARU and in the country to meet the challenges posed by the
situation where land is required for large-scale investment.
Communal land rights, Conflicts and Conflict Resolution
Large-scale land acquisition and investment has been known to take over communal land or what
is termed marginal land on the grounds that it is un-owned or unutilized. This has brought
hardships to users of common lands including pastoralists and villagers who depended on
communal land for seasonal farming or harvesting of natural products such as animals, fruits,
trees, grass, water, and so on.
Moreover, violent conflicts are on the increase involving pastoralists and farmers, villagers
against investors, villagers against villagers and citizens against public authorities; in some cases
of which, human life is lost. Existing conflict resolution setups seem to be unable to resolve the
19
many conflicts that keep on arising. There has therefore been a breakdown in law and order in
many instances which has put a slow down to economic development.
The training of the new PhD student should focus on the areas indicated below:
1.
Rural Land Rights
This will involve an analysis of the nature of rural land rights and how they are secured in law
and in practice. Customary land tenure is considered to be the governing practice in rural lands
but this is increasingly under pressure as land becomes commercialized. Besides, the commons
are weakly protected and open to grabbing by whoever has financial or political power.
Capacity building in the area of rural land rights is necessary to protect the rights of communities
as well as individuals to land and land resources including the commons thus leading to social
harmony, enhanced economic development, environmental protection and poverty alleviation.
2.
Land Conflicts and their Resolution
This will involve a study of both the theory and practice of land conflicts and their resolution
including the official legal and institutional set up, as well as alternative dispute resolution
mechanisms (ADRs). The latter approach is of crucial importance in that it may include
traditional institutions for conflict resolution and has a likelihood of being more efficient that the
court-based system.
Capacity building in this area will lead to innovative interventions which will focus on
developing tools and processes for addressing land conflicts and the inefficient management of
land development. Furthermore, the PhD student will perform research on a pilot scheme which
can be scaled up to cover the whole country.
5.2
Research Support
Under this sub-component, the SRES and BRE-KTH are requesting funding of up to SEK
400,000 towards research projects that address the challenges of commercial pressure over land
for large-scale investment in agriculture, energy and mineral exploitation. The challenges to be
addressed include:
- Advantages and disadvantages of large-scale land acquisition with regard to indigenous
land right
- Ensuring food security in the wake of the global land rush
- Oil and gas and other minerals exploitation and land rights: mining, transportation,
distribution
- Land acquisition, compensation and resettlement
- Alternatives to large-scale land acquisition e.g. land for equity, contract farming’ royalties
- Rural Land Rights including communal rights; the commons
- Land Conflicts and their Resolution in particular: mediation, negotiation, arbitration
20
5.3
The research environment
Academic research has been remarkably enhanced at ARU since 1997 when the cooperation
started. During all this time, the DVC-AA has coordinated all programs at ARU, and is in contact
with Sida and the main coordinators of the programs. For the new phase of collaboration, the
main coordinators will work along with supervisors and PhD students of the program regarding
progresses on education and common research topics. Furthermore, senior researchers will
supervise the PhD students during their stays in Tanzania. The research of the PhD students will
be fully supported and complemented with studies performed by senior researchers, Master
degree students, undergraduate students, and practitioners in Tanzania. Exchange of Master
degree students between Swedish universities and ARU will be encouraged.
The research centers at ARU are currently working together in topics such as land administration
and land management. Based on this, a Land Administration Unit was initiated to structure and
broaden the research outcomes. Hence, there is already a cooperative culture and atmosphere in
place, which should ensure a fruitful research collaboration and dissemination of results.
Ardhi University is a focal point for all land-related skills areas in the country. The School of
Real Estate Studies which will be hosting the proposed program has a strong team of
academically qualified staff at PhD levels in various aspects of real estate. The University has in
place a well-found research platform with a dedicated Directorate of Post-graduate at University
level and for each school a Research and Publication Committee that is entrusted with the
responsibility to receive and review research proposals.
Staff that are earmarked to supervise the process have been exposed to a varying extent to aspects
related to the proposed real estate market and financing programme as researchers or short-term
consultants.
Large-scale land acquisition and exploitation of natural resources is a national priority involving a
multitude of actors from the public as well as the private sectors. Local governments are expected
to take the initiatives to see to it that land is developed sustainably. The proposed research
training programme goes a long way to compliment this national priority. With this in mind, and
considering previous experience of the Ardhi University research with local authorities and
community based organisations, an initiative to involve the stakeholders in the research such as
chambers of commerce and investors will expand the dissemination channels of the research
results. Some of the senior researchers at Ardhi University have been involved in one or the other
aspects of the large-scale investment in land and natural resources, according them vital
experiences that will contribute immensely to successfully supervise the proposed research
training programme.
21
5.4
The available and required infrastructure
Ardhi University has suitable infrastructure that can suit the purpose of the proposed
programme. The existing infrastructure includes office space, internet facilities and possible
transport facility that can be hired by the programme for the implementation of field activities.
On the other hand, the collaborating partner has supporting infrastructure to effectively assist in
carrying out programme activities. Only laptops, will be purchased for the PhD students under
the programme sub components while other equipment will be covered in the University
support infrastructure component.
There will not be need for special equipment as the research topics fall within the social science
paradigms and more likely to attract qualitative research. At the beginning of the programme,
students will be encouraged to use open source software but at some point in time later in their
research work, they will require dedicated software. The cost of acquiring such a software and
licenses has been built into the proposal budget. The specific software shall be determined by the
supervisors and the students mainly because computer software are fast moving items always
being modified and taking new business names.
5.3.1 Explain how expensive equipment is handled and outline maintenance and insurance
policies available.
There are no plans to acquire expensive equipment for this programme. Nevertheless the usual
equipment that will be acquired such as computers and printers, photocopiers, servers and so on
will be provided with a warranty that is valid for at least one year and will be insured.
The preferred equipment are those with readily available back up services.
5.3.2 Indicate how the handling of equipment falls in line with the university regulations
According to ARU regulations, each research center is autonomous on the handling of the
equipment acquired. However, the University gives responsibilities to researchers at ARU for
taking care of the equipment; in most cases, maintenance of the equipments is paid using funds of
the centers. Current and acquired equipment will be shared among the three Departments of
SRES.
All assets and equipment acquired whether through donor-funded or ARU own funds are
recorded in an Asset Register and accorded an Asset Code. At the end of each year, the
University carries out stock verification and each user of the equipment will have to certify the
verified items in his/her use on a pre-formatted asset form that is administered by the ARU stock
verifiers.
22
5.5
Academic networks available
The School of Real Estate Studies (SRES) and Ardhi University at large, has over the years,
developed a very good number of networks which have in one way or the other assisted in
enhanced research and training capacity. These include:
1. School of Real Studies (ARU) and Department of Real Estate and Construction
Management
(KTH, Sweden) Training of land administration and real estate
programmes, promoting establishment of starting undergraduate program in land
administration at ARU, 3 SRES members completed MSc. Land Management programme
under SIDA KTH-ARU sponsorship, 4 SRES Academic Staff graduated with PhD from
KTH under SIDA.
2. School of Real Estate Studies (ARU) and Commonwealth Association of Surveyors and
Land Economy Collaborating in promotion of Surveying Education-Exposure for
academic (professional) staff to Conference organized by CASLE-Sharing of education
and professional information among Commonwealth countries
3. School of Real Estate Studies (ARU) and other institutional Members of African Real
Estate Society in African countries. -Promote Education in real estate related disciplines
facilitate linkages with international real estate societies (including American Real Estate
Society, European Real Estate Society, Asian Real Estate Society-Organize annual
conferences for AfRES members - Receive 4 journals of Real Estate quarterly Launched
AfRES journal Academic prizes to researchers and best student performance at African
Universities offering Real Estate programmes Received journals and books are donated to
the ARU library, Two SRES Staff on AfRES Board One SRES Staff – as AfRES
Webmaster. Through this cooperation SRES staff are participating in Africa Valuation
Project and Africa Real Estate Market Literature Survey.
4. School of Real Estate Studies (ARU) and International Real Estate Business School,
Germany:
Promote young researchers-Exchange of Staff -Joint Authorship of
publications- Expected research reports and publications -2 SRES Academic staff had
spent three months at the Business School for literature review while pursuing MSc.
Programmes-2 SRES Academic staff completed PhD programme which was cosupervised by a professor from the school and partially sponsored to undertake literature
courses at the school-1 SRES Academic Staff fully sponsored to pursue PhD studies at
School of Real Estate Business school -One member of the International School of Real
Estate Business School taught in the SRES for 1 year
5. ITCs UNU School of Land Administration at Twente University- Develop and conduct
Postgraduate programmes in Land Administration -Conduct short courses, conferences,
workshops and research in land administration. Through this cooperation, the Land
Administration Unit was set up at ARU in 2009 which runs regional courses on good land
governance.
6. SRES and Foundation of Africa Real Estate Research Centre, Frankfurt (FARER). The
Foundation supports motivated and talented African researchers and institutions in form
of funding and the provision of an adequate research infrastructure. Exchange of practical
23
experience and theoretical knowledge in real estate between African and European real
estate. The foundation offers partial sponsorship to attend annual AfRES and ERES
Conference One SRES staff is on Board of Trustees of the FARER.
5.5
Staff mobility issues and university retention policy (if any)
Each PhD Student will be supervised by two supervisors (one from ARU and the other from the
Swedish Institution). The plan envisages a maximum of three visits for supervisors to
Tanzania/Sweden. These planned visits are meant to familiarize the researchers of the available
research facilities, literature reviews and access to archived data. The visits will be managed
through the local SIDA Research Coordinator at Ardhi University. The key cost component will
be international travel (air tickets), health insurance and cost of living abroad.
Trips by the PhD students and researchers from Tanzania to Sweden and vice versa are planned
by the supervisors and are programmed at Directorate of Postgraduate Studies, Research and
Publications (DPSRP). Plane tickets and life insurance are acquired by (DPSRP). Currently, ARU
requires that the PhD students to continue in working as researchers two times the period that
took them to complete their education.
ARU has successfully implemented staff retention policy from the several collaboration schemes
that it has enjoyed over its lifetime.
6.
The planned contribution and responsibility of each of the partners, participants,
positions in the proposed research training program.
Please refer to Enclosure 3 to see the planned contribution and responsibility of the involved
members
7.
Management
7.1. Administrative resources available
Most administrative work is centered at the local SIDA Coordination Office, which has links with
the Office of the Bursar and the department of legal issues. SRES counts on secretaries and
accountants to help with the administrative tasks as well. However, most work is performed by
the field coordinators and/or supervisors of the projects; PhD students will collaborate in some
cases. . University financial regulations shall be applied to ensure that the value for money for the
programme is attained. For the procurement of equipment and consumables, the Public
Procurement Act (2011) and University Accounting Manual will be strictly adhered to.
7.2. Management of career opportunities for participating researchers and students
Most researchers involved in the program form part of the staff at ARU. As stated in section 5.5,
PhD students will have the opportunity to work at ARU as researchers after finishing their
24
education, according to the University Policy and National concerning recruitments of new
personnel.
It is expected beneficiaries of these research projects will upon their graduation with PhDs
resume their teaching careers with the Ardhi University. Those who will have registered for the
PhD will be expected to attain the performance to meet the minimum requirements for the
Academic Appointments and Promotion Regulations of the University.
It is expected participants in these research projects will benefit in terms of inputs in their further
studies. Others will benefit from the publications of the findings which will play a role in their
promotion. ARU and KTH will be better placed, after this research to attract more resources
which will help in strengthening these Universities’ capacity.
7.3. Potential internal and external risks and actions for mitigation of the risks.
Table 3: Potential internal and external risks and actions for mitigation of the risks
Risk
Students may abandon the
program during their PhD
education
Probability
May happen
highly unlikely
Students may fail to meet the
requirements
of
the
PhD
program, or end up with lengthy
delays
It has
before
Risks associated with delays in
release of funds due to
bureaucracy in disbursement of
funds at various levels outside
ARU.
Change
in
the
existing
governments’ policies on donor
funded support projects to public
universities.
Failure to get research permits
from relevant authorities
Medium
When and What to do?
Coordinators and supervisors of the program
should select students considering the interest,
motivation and social adaptation. Moreover,
coordinators and supervisor should be in
permanent contact with the students. To
counteract this, the participating researcher will
be encouraged to secure a positive research
environment. ARU policy in place for refund of
the sum used to train.
Coordinators and supervisors of the program
should select students considering the interest,
motivation and social adaptation. Moreover,
coordinators and supervisor should be in
permanent contact with the students. To
counteract this we shall also encourage the
participating researcher to secure a positive
research environment.
Procedures done well in advance
Not expected
Alternative sources of funding identified
Low
Failure to get information
regarding
large-scale
land
Low
Right from the start involve the relevant
stakeholders such as COSTECH, Ministry of
Lands, Tanzania Investment Centre, Ministry of
Agriculture, PMO-RALG
As above. ARU to undertake commitment that
research findings are for research purposes
but
happened
25
Risk
acquisition contracts which may
be classified
Non completion of research
Probability
When and What to do?
Low
Political unrest as a result of
heightened expectations, and
sensitivity of
issues
(e.g.
compensation)
Low
ARU Management to require coordinators to
submit regular progress reports. Release of
funds linked to results-based milestones in the
research proposals.
Involvement of stakeholders through workshops
and other means into the whole of research
design and findings
8.
8.1.
The operational issues of the research training program strengthening component
Which university gives the degree? Are joint or double degrees planned?
The general plan is for a sandwich programme where double degrees will be awarded by both
ARU and KTH
8.2. Governance
The highest academic authority at ARU is the University Senate whose chairman is the
University Vice-Chancellor. The Senate is formed by authorities, i.e. deans and directors, by
representatives of docents and students; and representatives of a number of government
institutions. The Deputy Vice-Chancellor, Academic Affairs is responsible of academic activities.
DPSRP (Director for Postgraduate Studies, Research and publication) is directly linked to and
depends on the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (AA). DPSRP coordinates the work of the research
projects, and is also responsible to undertake the agreements with Sida and the contracts between
PhD students at ARU. SRES has a Dean who is aware of the research activities related to the
program.
The authority of the collaboration program at ARU and KTH is offered by the vice chancellors.
The vice chancellors are following the operation through the office of external affairs. The School
is monitoring the quality assurance of the PhD education and of the admission process of the
students. The departments are providing local supervision and the principal supervisor is
responsible for the development of the individual student. In this program ARU and KTH will
appoint coordinators for the involved PhD programs.
8.2.1. The procedure for selecting and recruitment of Masters and PhD students
Once the curriculum has been developed and passed through the University approval organs, an
open call will be made for the opportunity for further studies within the programme. ARU staff
will be encouraged to apply but they should show that they meet the required standards to be
considered for a position. Admission of postgraduate students will be undertaken first by the
departmental higher degrees, research and publication committees, and secondly endorsed by
school boards. The school boards are also responsible for the approval of research outputs.
26
Monitoring and evaluation of progress in research and research training is usually conducted
quarterly at the departmental, school and university levels through departmental committees,
school and the institute boards and the Senate Higher Degrees, Research and Publications
Committee (SHDRPC), respectively. Schools and the Institute will ensure that final research
reports are peer-reviewed and researchers have adhered to acceptable scientific methods and
norms of investigation and analysis. ARU Research Policy of 2010; General Guidelines and
Regulations for Postgraduate Studies of 2008, and the Intellectual Property Rights Policy of 2012
are the tools to guide all the procedures.
Preference is to be given to academic staff currently on training post and in accordance with the
Ardhi University Training Scheme.
8.3. Quality assurance
Quality assurance at ARU is administered by the Quality Assurance Bureau (QAB) which was
established in 2009. QAB has put in place internal structures and mechanisms for monitoring
inputs and processes necessary to promote academic standards and achieve quality outputs. At
ARU, QAB reports directly to the Vice Chancellor and its operations are guided by the Quality
Assurance Policy which was approved by the University Council in 2010.
Monitoring and evaluation of progress in research and research training is usually conducted
quarterly at the departmental, school and university levels through departmental committees,
school and the Institute boards and the Senate Higher Degrees, Research and Publications
Committee (SHDRPC), respectively. Schools and the Institute will ensure that final research
reports are peer-reviewed and researchers have adhered to acceptable scientific methods and
norms of investigation and analysis.
Quality assurance reports on all matters that concern academic research and community outreach
prepared by QAB are submitted to the Senate. Senate is the supreme organ which monitors
quality assurance matters in admission, training, examination, academic awards, research, and
public outreach. It also monitors research activities at the University through its Higher Degrees
Research and Publications Committee. The training and research activities proposed in this
programme (2015-2020) will adhere to the existing policies, operational procedures, guidelines
and regulations.
University financial regulations shall be applied to ensure that the value for money for funded
research projects is attained. For the procurement of equipment and consumables, the Public
Procurement Act (2011) and University Accounting Manual will be strictly adhered to. Like in
the previous programmes supported by Sida, the Programme Management Committee (PMC)
will be the key Programme management organ at the University for overseeing implementation of
the proposed programme. PMC will convene on quarterly basis.
27
The experience of Swedish Universities in the fields of this program will also ensure the quality
of research and education of the Tanzania PhD students, as well as those who will enroll for the
Masters program. The current research network will also provide support to the research work at
Tanzanian Universities. Students at the local Master program, when it is developed and up and
running, will be part of this network.
8.4. Time perspective of the partnership and sustainability plans for the program
The program expects to extend their partnership for another five years after the fourth phase
finishes. Plans to reach sustainability are stated in section 2.4.
8.5. Short and long term financial strategy.
Additional funds may be sought in other cooperation agencies and the National Government to
strengthen the collaboration.
8.6.
Monitoring and evaluation.
8.6.1. The overall university coordination office is responsible for the overall monitoring
and evaluation and subsequent reporting to Sida
The University Quality Assurance Bureau (QAB) and Directorate of Postgraduate Studies,
Research and Publication (SHDRPC) are responsible for monitoring and evaluation of progress
in research and postgraduate training. Monitoring and Evaluation Review (ME) is usually
conducted quarterly at departmental, school and university levels through respective
departmental committees, school and the Institute Boards and, the Senate Higher Degrees,
Research and Publications Committee (SHDRPC). ARU will ensure that final research,
dissertation reports and PhD theses undergo proper reviews to ensure that researchers have
adhered to acceptable scientific methods and norms of investigation and analysis and the
respective tools that guide evaluation have been employed. Like in the previous programmes
supported by Sida, the Programme Management Committee (PMC) will be the key Programme
management organ at the University for overseeing implementation of the proposed
programme. PMC will convene on quarterly basis as a way to monitor the implementation of
programme activities.
This programme will be evaluated twice (after every two years) by independent external
evaluators. The evaluation process will consist of description of each evaluation, the evaluation
questions, methodology, timeframe and the responsible persons. The evaluations processes intend
to obtain evidence as to whether the interventions made and achieved outputs have led to the
realization of the outputs of the programme.
28
8.6.2. The individual programs should briefly outline procedures for timely and regular
collection of results and following progress within the programs
This program shall require the study plans of the PhD students before the next academic year
begins. Activity plans will be presented in October every year, whereas annual progress reports
will be presented in March every year. Coordinators and supervisors will inform about the
progress of the program to Sida and SHDRPC.
9.
Organization of the Personnel welfare related to exchange of staff
Coordinators and supervisors in coordination with SHDRPC shall assist the PhD students in
obtaining their VISAs, and will organize the payment of allowances. KTH will handle the
payment of allowances in Sweden as well as the insurance policy. PhD students and researchers,
with the aid of the coordinators, should apply well in advance for housing facilities in Sweden.
Researchers and/or other Tanzanian PhD students in Sweden commonly welcome them.
KTH is aiming to have a central coordination for Tanzania-cooperation to be able to offer a
professional support and guidance to the involved parts from Tanzanian partners and KTH. For
this there will be a cost to be partly covered within the Sida Programme Phase IV, partly cofinanced by KTH. KTH has a SPOC (Single Point of Contact) at its International Relations (IR)
office with the mission to support and guide involved persons with any questions and problems
coming up during the programme phase (2015-2020). Depending on the size of the programmes
and the quantity and art of accepted proposals, this cost will vary and therefore KTH hope to have
a dialogue with Sida once the Proposals are admitted and budget settled. The KTH coordinator at
KTH IR office will provide:
i)
Support for agreements
ii) Support for IPR
iii) Support team at KTH central level to sandwich students and researchers within the
programmes.
iv) Support for visiting delegations
v) Support for strategic matters regarding the Sida bilateral research cooperation
vi) Relocation service
vii) Insurance
viii) Auditing -collect and compile
ix) Scrutinize auditing reports, comments, feedback from partners etc. (depending on the
structure on the cooperation, central or decentralized)
x) General information about Sida’s cooperation regulations for phase IV
xi) Financial reporting - collecting documentation from partners and compile annual reports
(depending on the structure on the cooperation, central or decentralized)
10.
Ethical consideration
In all research and in particular interviews, participating staff are required to strictly adhere to the
University rules on how to conduct research and obtain necessary permits and ethical approvals.
29
Data gathering will be carried out in accordance with the national and universities’ ethical
policies and guidelines. For example, all potential participants for focus group discussions and
interviews will be contacted in advance with a written briefing about the objectives of the
programme/ research, the independence of the researchers and the expected contribution of the
research outputs. Hence, all interviews and focus group discussions will be carried out on a
voluntary basis. Data protection, consent and confidentiality, in accordance with research ethics,
research participants will be informed that fieldwork data will remain confidential.
All research participants will be ensured of their anonymity in the process of data analysis and
that no individuals will be identifiable in written reports based on empirical data. Ethical
sensitivity will also be shown in the use of published and unpublished secondary data. When and
where necessary, agreement from public agencies and other relevant institutions will be sought to
access secondary sources of data. Unpublished data and information will only be used and cited
with explicit consent of author or owner institutions. Special care will be shown to avoid
misleading interpretation and misinterpretation of data and information in all published and
unpublished sources. The programme will not use animals or involve human stem cells.
Furthermore, all publications produced under this programme will acknowledge the financial
support by SIDA under ARU and SIDA research cooperation agreement.
11.
References
1. Anseeuw, W., L. Alden Wily, L. Cotula, and M. Taylor, (2012), Land Rights and the rush for
Land: Findings of the Global Commercial Pressures on Land Research Project, ILC, Rome.
2. Chachage, Chambi, “Land Acquisition & accumulation in Tanzania – The Case of Morogoro,
Iringa and Pwani Regions” PELUM TANZANIA, October 2010.
3. Cotula, L., S. Vermeulen, R. Leonard, and J. Keeley (2009), Land Grab or Development
Opportunity? Agricultural Investment and International Land Deals in Africa? London and
Rome: International Institute for Environment and Development/Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations/International Fund for Agricultural Development.
4. FAO (2012) Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land,
Fisheries and Forests in the context of National Food Security.
5. FAO “Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and
Forests in the context of National Food Security” March, 2012.
6. German, L. Schonveld, G. and Mwangi, E., “Contemporary Processes of large-scale land
acquisition by investors: Case studies from sub-Saharan Africa”, Occasional Paper, CIFOR
(Centre for international Forestry Research), 2010.
7. Hilton, Andrew, “Private Investment in Land: Implementing Responsible Governance of
Tenure” FAO, Nov. 2011.
8. Kaarhus, Randi, “Agricultural Development Growth Corridor Equals Land Grabbing?
Models, Roles & Accountability in a Mozambican Case” Conference in Global Land
Grabbing” University of Sussex, 6-8 April, 2011.
9. Kachika, Tinyade, “Land Grabbing in Africa: A Review of the Impacts and the Possible
Policy Responses”, Report for the Pan-Africa Programme of Oxfam International, 2011
30
10. Kamuzora A. N., “Contractual Governance in Agro-Industry Institutions in Tanzania: A Case
Study Analysis, Groningen University, PhD Thesis, 2011.
11. Matango R., “Mtibwa Outgrowers Scheme: A Model for Small-holder Cane Production in
Tanzania”, Paper presented at the UNCTAD Expert meeting on “Enabling Small Commodity
Producers in Developing Countries to Reach Global Markets” held from 11-13 Dec 2006.
12. Vermeulen, Sonjar L. Cotula, “Making the most of Agricultural Investment: A Survey of
Business Models that provide opportunities for small holders”, IIED, FAO & IFAD, 2010.
31
ENCLOSURE 2: RESULTS MATRIX
Summary Problem Statement:
Tanzania is ill prepared to handle commercial large scale land acquisition for investment for the benefits
of its citizens.
Overall Objective (2015-2020):
Building analytical capacity to address the challenges emanating out the large-scale land acquisition for
commercial exploitation of land resources by 2020.
Specific Objective 1:
To develop skills and analytic tools for acquisition and management of land for large-scale land-based
investments for agribusiness and natural resources exploitation by 2020
Specific Objective 2:
To create awareness on rights, obligations and procedures for land acquisition for the large scale
investment by 2020
Specific Objective 3:
To develop capacity to research and train on challenges of large-scale land acquisition and protection of
indigenous land rights by 2020
Specific Objective 4:
To assess and disseminate results on the impacts on communities and their land rights of current and
future oil, gas and other minerals exploration and exploitation by 2020
32
Table 4: Results Matrix
Types of Outputs
Outcomes
(including targets)
Performance Indicator
of Outcome
Baseline
(if established)
Data Source
Data Collection Strategy
Specific Objective 1: To develop skills and analytic tools for acquisition and management of land for large-scale land-based investments for agribusiness
and natural resources exploitation by 2020
- Two
Phd 1.1. Skills
- Review of program
and Number of analytical -12 members of SRES - Annual SRES Progress
Graduates
developed, Staff holding PhDs
Report for Sida project
reports and records.
analytical tools to tools
- One
Masters
partnership at ARU
- Review of annual
deal
with
the published and applied -30 members of SRES
graduate
to decision-making.
Staff holding masters
progress reports
growing
- Two
research
degrees
-interview with author(s)
commercial
manuscripts
pressure on land
published
in
enhanced among
national
and
SRES Staff.
international
-number of meetings, -Several
papers - Annual SRES Progress
- Review of program
academic peer- 1.2. Enhanced
workshops,
undertaken
published
in
refereed
Report
for
Sida
project
reports and records.
awareness
on
the
reviewed
to
discuss
safeguarding
journals
partnership
at
ARU
- Review of annual
challenges
of
landjournals
property
rights
in
Existing
research
and
Stakeholders
(NGOs,
progress reports
based large-scale
investments
consultancy
reports
Chambers
of
commerce
-interview with author(s)
investments within
annual
reports
the community of
investors,
land Number of decisions
owners
and taken on large-scale
investment
decision makers
incorporating
protection
of
community
property
rights
Assumptions:
 Strengthening of research capacity and postgraduate training is implemented in SRES
 Funds are available for running the research training program.
 Candidates complete course successfully

Smooth recruitment of new academic staff
33
Types of Outputs
Outcomes
(including targets)
Performance Indicator
of Outcome
Baseline
(if established)
Data Source
Data Collection Strategy
Specific Objective 2: To create awareness on rights, obligations and procedures for land acquisition for the large scale investment by 2020
-
Three
workshops
conducted and
proceedings
published
2.1. A community that is
aware of the best
approach to address land
deals with investors
Number of meetings
undertaken in districts
targeted for land
investment
- Annual Progress
Report for Sida project
partnership at ARU
- ARU Annual Reports
- Review of annual
progress reports and
interview with
researchers
-
- Documentary Review
Citation analysis
Assumptions:
 Strengthening of research capacity and postgraduate training is implemented in SRES
 Funds are available for running the research training program.
 Candidates progress with the studies successfully
Specific Objective 3: To develop capacity to research and train on challenges of large-scale land acquisition and protection of indigenous land rights
-Curriculum for
Masters degree in
Land Resources
Management
developed,
approved, piloted
and taught
3.1. Enhanced awareness,
competence and
preparedness to address
large scale investment in
land for mutually beneficial
ventures
Number of ARU staff
participating in teams or
commissions to package
investment ventures
-Approved course
curricula
-Two staff trained
graduated
and
recruited
3.2 Enhanced competence
and ability of SRES staff to
offer advice on land
resource investment
ventures
Number of ARU Staff
participating in
discourses related to
large-scale land
investment
- -Existing
professors and
senior lectures in
land resources
management at
ARU and partner
institutions
- -SRES and partner
institutions staff
profile
- -SRES and partner
institutions
Prospectus
- SRES and partner
institutions annual
reports
- -SRES and partner
institutions staff
profile
- -SRES and partner
institutions
Prospectus
- SRES and partner
institutions annual
reports
-Documentary Review
-Interviews
-Tracer study
-Documentary Review
-Interviews
-Tracer study
34
Types of Outputs
Outcomes
(including targets)
Performance Indicator
of Outcome
Baseline
(if established)
Data Source
Data Collection Strategy
Course material to
augment teaching
and
research
curriculum within
SRES developed,
approved
and
applied
Two short courses
prepared
and
delivered
3.3 Enhanced awareness
and preparedness among
SRES staff, graduates and
communities to address
issues of protecting land
rights in commercial land
investment undertakings.
3.4 Enhanced awareness
among land practitioners
and communities
Number of SRES Staff
participating
in
discourses related to
large-scale
land
investment
None
SRES Prospectus
-
Documentary Review,
Interviews
Number of tailor-made
courses delivered
None
SRES Annual Reports
SRES Prospectus
-
Documentary Review,
Interviews
Assumptions:
 Strengthening of research capacity and postgraduate training is implemented in SRES
 Funds are available for running the research training program.
 Recruitment of new staff smooth

Recruited staff retained
Specific Objective 4: To assess and disseminate results on the impacts on communities and their land rights of current and future oil, gas and other
minerals exploration and exploitation by 2020
Three
research 4.1. Enhanced awareness
Number and value of
-Research reports
Annual progress report
Review of programs and
projects in areas of: and knowledge on the
investments that are
relating to oil, gas
progress reports
beneficial to
and other minerals
 Oil and gas and impacts of mineral
other minerals exploration and exploitation communities, as well as
investors increasing
-ARU Research
exploitation
Policy and
and land rights
Procedures
 Alternatives to
large-scale land
acquisition
 Land Conflicts
and
their
Resolution
developed and
executed
by
2020.
35
Types of Outputs
Outcomes
(including targets)
Performance Indicator
of Outcome
Baseline
(if established)
Data Source
Annual Progress Report
for Sida
Data Collection Strategy
Three research
manuscripts
published in
academic peerreviewed journals
4.2. Enhanced awareness
and knowledge on the
impacts of mineral
exploration and
exploitation, informing
policy makers
Number of successful
investments
negotiations
Several papers
published in refereed
journals
-
Three stakeholders’
workshops
conducted and three
workshop
proceedings reports
produced
4.3. Enhanced awareness of
the impacts of large-scale
investment
in
natural
resources raised
Number of successful
investments
negotiations
Previous Workshop reports organized by
SRES and Partners
-
Interviews
Three
operations
manuals developed
and distributed to
practitioners
Thirty officials of
the land sector, one
from each region
availed to short
term training
4.4. Practitioners’ capacity
in
land
offices
and
elsewhere enhanced
Number of beneficial
investments increasing
None
SRES
Annual
Reports
Reports
by
key
stakeholders such as
HAKIARDHI, PingoForum, Chambers of
commerce
Annual Reports of SRES
to Sida
Documentary Reviews
Augmented
ability
of
officials to deal with largescale land acquisitions
Number of beneficial
investments
None
Reports
from
land
offices,
Local
government
and
Ministries responsible for
land,
energy
and
minerals
-Reviews, interviews
-Feedback
from
beneficiaries/stakeholders
-
Review of annual
progress reports
Interview with
researchers
Assumptions:
 Strengthening of research capacity and postgraduate training is implemented in SRES
 Funds are available for running the research training program.
 Permission to carry out research in the country is obtained
 Cooperation from local government authorities, NGOs and other stakeholders
36
Table 5: Action Plan - PhD Component
Activities
1. Review
and
approval of post
graduate
regulations
2. Develop
PhD
taught
programmes
(include
consultation with
stakeholders as
well as approval
process)
 Develop
Universitywide
PhD
courses
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
 Develop
disciplinespecific PhD
courses
Develop course
teaching
materials
and
manuals
Pilot and review
the
selected
courses
Offer
and
examine
the
approved courses
Major
PhD
fieldwork studies
Report
writing/data
analysis
Final seminar
Submission
of
dissertation
Publication
of
dissertation
Year I
Year II
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Year III
1
2 3
Year IV
4 1
2 3
Year V
Outputs
4 1 2 3 4
 PGD
Regulations
Discipline
specific courses
Teaching
materials
manuals
and
Revised course
materials
 Credit units
 PhDs
Field
data
information
Draft
dissertation
Peer comments
PhD award
Published
dissertation
37
Table 6: Major Research Component
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Activity
Year 1
1
2
3
4
Year 2
1
2 3
4
Year 3
1 2 3
4
Year 4
1
2 3
4
Year 5
1
2 3
4
Develop Research Proposal
Literature Survey
Research Methodology
Inception Workshop
Fieldwork
Data Analysis
Report Writing
Dissemination Workshop
Writing Papers and Operations Manual
Publication of Papers
38
ENCLOSURE 3
Table 7: Responsibilities and Division of Labour
Dynamics of commercial pressure over land
Sweden
Dr Eval Liedholm Johnson, Coordinator,
Supervisor of PhD students, inputs in the non-PhD
Research
Tanzania
Prof. J.M. Lusugga Kironde, Overall Coordinator,
Supervisor of PhD and MSc students, Field
coordinator for non-PhD research
Roman Mark, PhD candidate, researcher
Hussein Kayera, PhD candidate, researcher
Ally Possi, PhD candidate, researcher
Upendo Matotola Chamuliho, PhD candidate,
researcher
Large-scale land acquisition and resettlement and alternatives to it
Sweden
Tanzania
Prof Thomas Kalbro, Coordinator, Supervisor of Dr C.E.K. Ndjovu, Coordinator non-PhD research,
PhD students, inputs in the non-PhD Research
Supervisor, PhD and MSc students;
Communal land rights, Conflicts and Conflict Resolution
Sweden
Tanzania
Dr Jenny Paulsson, Coordinator, Supervisor of PhD Dr Sophia Kongella, Coordinator, non PhD research,
students, inputs in the non-PhD Research
Supervisor, MSc and PhD candidates
39
12. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and patent issues
Table 8: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and patent issues
Issues To Be Addressed And Agreed Upon
Yes
Are all key members of the partnership aware
of/conversant with the IPR regulations of target
country?
Are all key members of the partnership aware
of/conversant with IPR related policies of the target
university/institution?
Are all key members of the partnership aware
of/conversant with IPR regulations of Sweden?
Are all key members of the partnership aware
of/conversant with IPR related policies of the
Swedish partner university?
Has the question of ensuring the protection of
research findings and results obtained as part of the
partnership been discussed by the partnership?
Has the question of coverage of costs related to
IPR activities during the lifetime of the programme
and after the end of the programme been discussed
by the partnership?
Have the questions of “background ownership”
(i.e. IPR ownership prior to the current partnership)
been discussed by the partnership?
Have the questions of “foreground ownership”
(i.e. IPR ownership as a direct consequence of the
current partnership) been discussed by the
partnership?
Have the questions of “foreground ownership”
(i.e. IPR ownership as a direct consequence of the
current partnership) been discussed by the
partnership?
Has a decision been made on the policy of
dissemination of research findings and results that
come out of the partnership?
Has a decision been made by the partnership on the
exploitation of results (products or services)?
Is there legal assistance in the Target Country to
assist the partnership in IPR issues (including
potential patents)?
Is there legal assistance available at the Swedish
partner university/institution to assist the
partnership in IPR issues (including patents)?
Is there a plan to develop capacity for IPR issues
within the partnership?
Other IPR and patent issues not addressed above
√
No
Comments, Status and
follow-up plans
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
40
Enclosure 4
Curriculum vitae
CV Prof J.M. Lusugga Kironde
Name: Prof. J.M. Lusugga Kironde, Programme Coordinator (Tanzania)
University: Ardhi University
Telephone: +255 715 635 246
E-mail address: lusuggakironde@gmail.com
1. Higher Education Degree(s): Master of Science, Urban Studies, (Salford University) 1979
2. Doctoral Degree: 1995, Land Economics, “The Evolution of the Land Use Structure of Dar
es Salaam, 1890-1990: A Study in the impacts of Land Policy”. Supervisors: Professor
George King’oriah, Professor Saad S. Yahya, both of the University of Nairobi
3. Postdoctoral Work: 1995, Teaching Research and Consultancy, Ardhi University
4. Qualifications as Research/fellow/Associate Professor: Associate Professor (1996),
Professor (2010)
5. Specialist Certification or equivalent: Full Registered Surveyor, National Council for
Professional Surveyors (Tanzania), 1990;
6. Current Position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research: Professor,
2010, 50% of time spent in research
7. Previous Positions and Periods (specify type of position): Associate Professor 1997-2010
8. Interruption in research:
9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under your supervision (name,
year of Phd Defence) or post doctoral period under your main supervision:
Dr Cletus Ndjovu, 2003 (KTH)
Dr Hidaya Kayuza, 2006 (KTH)
Dr Julius Rwechungura 2011 (UDSM)
Dr Agnes Mwaiselage, 2003 (Lund)
Dr Juma Kiduanga, 2004 (UDSM).
41
10. Pedagogic Experience:
Master of Science (Real Estate), Ardhi University: developed the course syllabus (2009) and
teaching (up to now);
Kigali Institute of Science and technology (KIST) (now part of University of Rwanda);
developed undergraduate and postgraduate syllabus and external examiner for4 years now.
11. Other Information of importance to the application:
Undertaken numerous studies for UNHABITAT and the World Bank on Land Policy and the
African Union on Land Policy and Land Rights issues;
Teaching a course on Land Policy at Ardhi University;
Co-ordinator of Sida-funded cooperation Ardhi University-Swedish Institutions (1998-2002)
Registrar, University College of Lands and Architectural Studies (UCLAS) (1996-2002)
42
CV Jenny Paulsson
Name: Jenny Paulsson
University: KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Telephone: +46 8 790 6661
E-mail address: jenny.paulsson@abe.kth.se
1. Higher education degree(s) (year, subject area)
Master of Science degree (civilingenjörsexamen) in Surveying, with specialisation in Real Estate
Planning, KTH, 1999
2. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor)
Doctor of Philosophy (Tekn. Dr.) in Real Estate Planning, KTH, 2007, title: 3D Property Rights –
An Analysis of Key Factors Based on International Experience, supervisor: Prof. Hans Mattsson,
KTH
3. Postdoctoral work (year and placement)
4. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professor (year)
5. Specialist certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)
6. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research
Senior lecturer in Real Estate Planning and Land Law since April 2012, Research in accordance
with time allocated within financed research projects
7. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position)
2009 – 2012 lecturer in Real Estate Planning and Land Law, 2007 –2009 researcher, 2002 – 2007
PhD student, 1999 – 2002 research engineer, all employments at the Department of Real Estate
and Construction Management, KTH
8. Interruptions in research
9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under my supervision
No completed degrees, but assistant supervisor for five PhD students, KTH, of which two are
sandwich PhD students, one from Ethiopia and one from Armenia
10. Pedagogic experience.
Programme Director of Master programme in Real Estate Development and Financial Services
Supervision of 4-5 master thesis students annually, in total 23 theses
Examiner and organiser of several courses yearly, e.g.:
 2006-2014, Markåtkomst och ersättning (Compulsory Purchase and Compensation), 7.5
credits, second cycle, examiner and course supervisor, development of the course
43




2008-2009, Theory of Science and Research Methodology, 7.5 credits, second cycle, as
well as PhD course, examiner and course supervisor, creation and development of the
course
2008-2009, Compulsory Purchases, 7.5 credits, second cycle, examiner and course
supervisor, creation and development of the course
2010-2013, Advanced Issues in Real Estate Development and Financial Services, 7.5
credits, second cycle, examiner and course supervisor, development of the course
2014, AI1524 Markexploatering (Land Development), 7.5 credits, first cycle, examiner
and course supervisor, creation and development of the course
11. Other information of importance to the application
Programme administration and development of the SIDA-financed commissioned education
Master of Science programme in Land Management during 2000-2003, the Swedish Institutefinanced Doctorate Sandwich Programme in Land Management for international PhD students
during 2000-2004, and the University Support Programme for the development of education
programmes in land management in Eastern European countries during 2000-2005.
Participation in and co-ordination of a Linnaeus Palme project in 2013-2014 with the Yerevan
State University of Architecture and Construction (YSUAC) in Armenia, financed by the
Swedish Council for Higher Education, aimed at cooperation to build teaching and learning
capacity.
44
CV : Eva Liedholm Johnson
Namn: Eva Liedholm Johnson
University: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Real Estate and Construction Management
Telephone: +46 8 790 86 19 (work)
E-mail: eva.liedholm.johnson@abe.kth.se
1. Higher education degree(s) (year, subject area)
 Master Degree Programme in Surveying (Civilingenjörsexamen), Royal Institute of
Technology 1983
2. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor)
 Doctor Degree of Philosophy (Teknologie doktorsexamen), Doctoral Thesis in Real Estate
Planning, Royal Institute of Technology, 2010, Mineral Rights – Legal Systems
Governing Exploitation and Exploitation. Prof. Hans Mattsson
3. Postdoctoral work (year and placement)
4. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professor (year)
5. Specialist certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)
6. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research
 Lecturer in Real Estate Planning and Land Law since 1996, 15 % as an average during
recent two years.
 Programme Director for the Civil Engineering and Urban Management programme
since 2011
7. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position) (outside KTH)
 Head of Real Property Registration Office (Chef för fastighetsregistermyndigheten)
 Deputy County District Surveyor (Bitr. Överlantmätare) in the county of Stockholm,
National Land Survey
 Cadastral Surveyor (Förrättningslantmätare) in the county of Stockholm, National
Land Survey
 Ombudsman for the Villa Owners Association
 Land officer at the Municipality of Huddinge
8. Interruptions in research.
9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under my supervision No
completed degrees, but assistant supervisor for one sandwich PhD student. Sandwich student
(name, year of PhD thesis defence) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision.
45
10. Pedagogic experience
 Programme Director for the Civil Engineering and Urban Management programme
 Director of studies of programme
 Director of studies in specialization
Supervision of more than 60 master thesis students since 1996.
Examiner and responsible teacher for several courses yearly, e.g.:
 1996-2009 Land Information Systems
 2000-2011 Property Formation and Cadastral Mapping
 2000-2011 Development of Property Rights
 2000-2012 Land and Water Governance
 2012-2014 Land Law
 2012-2014 Development of land and regulations
11. Long experience on programme development and self-evaluations in Sweden. Advisor in
Tempus projects (university education project) in Slovenia. Taken part in EU-financed
Tempus project in the development of courses in sustainable urban planning and development
in Russia and Ukraine. Participated in Linnaeus Palme project with the Yerevan State
University of Architecture and Construction in Armenia (lecture exchange).
46
Curriculum Vitae
Thomas Kalbro
2014
___________________________________________________________
Name
Year of birth
Address (home)
Address (KTH)
Thomas Kalbro
30th March 1951
Fallvindsgatan 6, 128 32 Skarpnäck, Sweden
Real Estate and Construction Management/Real Estate Planning and Land
Law Brinellvägen 1
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Tel. +46 8 790 8615
E-mail: thomas.kalbro@abe.kth.se
________________
Doctoral degree
Doctor of Philosophy (Tekn. Dr.) 1988 in Real Estate Planning. Title: Fördelning av
exploateringsvinst mellan fastighetsägare - en analys av fördelningssystem mot bakgrund av
rättvisa och ekonomisk effektivitet.
Postdoctoral work
University of Aberdeen, Dept. of Land Economy, spring 1989
Qualification as research fellow/associate professor
Year 1992
Current position
Professor/Head of Department. Share of time spent in research approx. 50 %
Previous positions
KTH since 1976
Awards and special commissions
47
Expert assigned by the Government in the following governmental inquiries:
 Översyn av PBL och va-lagen (SOU 1996:168). Slutbetänkande av planbyggutredningen.
 Högre ersättning vid mastupplåtelser (SOU 2012:61). Betänkande
vinstfördelningsutredningen.
 Ett effektivare plangenomförande (SOU 2012:91). Betänkande I
plangenomförandeutredningen.
 En effektivare plan- och bygglovsprocess (SOU 2013:34). Betänkande II
plangenomförandeutredningen.
 Bostadsplaneringskommittén (pågående utredning om planeringssystem och
bostadsbyggande).
och
av
från
från
ökat
Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under my supervision
 Leif Norell, 2001
 Cletus Ndjovu, 2003
 Martin Bucht, 2006
 Daniel Ambaye, 2014
 Belachew Yirsaw, 2014
Experience of communicating results to stake holders /end users
Must be considered as large (a significant part of the research is focused on achieving results in
“real life”).
Examiner and responsible for courses (examples)
Urban Land Development
Markexploatering (Land Development)
Plangenomförande (Implementation of Development Plans)
Markåtkomst och ersättning (Compulsory Purchase and Compensation)
Theories of regulations (doctoral course)
48
Curriculum Vitae for Dr. Sophia Marcian Kongela
BASIC DETAILS
• Family Name: Kongela
• First Names: Sophia Marcian
• Marital Status: Married
• Date of Birth: August 1975
• Contact Address: P.O. Box 35176, Dar Es Salaam
• Tel. +255 767 460255
• Email: sophia@aru.ac.tz; kongelasophia@gmail.com
___________________________________________________________________
HIGHER EDUCATION DEGREE
• MBA (Finance) – University of Dar Es Salaam - 2005
• B.Sc. (Land Management and Valuation) – University of Dar Es Salaam - 2003
DOCTORAL WORK
PhD (Real Estate) – Regensburg University, Germany, 2013
Dissertation Title: Framework and Value Drivers for Real Estate Development in Sub- Saharan
Africa: Assessment of the Tanzanian Real Estate Sector in the Context of the Competitiveness
Model. (Published PhD Thesis ISBN 978-3-89984-332-3, IMV GmbH & Co. KG, Cologne)
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Stephan Bone-Winkel and Prof. Dr. Gabriel Lee
QUALIFICATION AS RESEARCHER
Recent Research work undertaken includes:
- African Real Estate Markets Digest – On going project whose aim is to prepare and publish
real estate markets literature for different African markets/countries. The project is sponsored
by African Real Estate Society (AfRES) and IREBS Foundation of African Real Estate
Research of Germany.
-
Mortgage Literacy Programme for Tanzania (project undertaken by TRESTA of Tanzania
and IREBS Real Estate Academy of Germany) – A Bank of Tanzania Project under World
Bank Financing 2013 (on-going)
-
2007-2008; Sophia conducted a research on the impact of peripheral urban land acquisition
on indigenous communities’ livelihood and environment around Uluguru Mountains in
Morogoro, Tanzania. The research ended up with two publications. The first one was in
RICS Publication in 2008 and the second one was in the Habitat International, Vol. 35, No.
1, pp. 66-73, 2011
POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH SUPERVISED
Title: An Examination Of Real Estate Marketing Practices By Formal And Informal Estate Agents In
Tanzania. M.Sc. Land Management Thesis, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Involved as
a supervisor, 2013
49
Title: An Assessment on the Effectiveness of Cost Recovery in Urban Land Delivery Projects in
Tanzania: The Case of Kibaha and Bagamoyo Town Councils. M.Sc. Land Management Thesis,
Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Involved as a supervisor, 2013
Title: Managing National Housing Corporation Properties Sub-Lease: The Case Study of Dar es
Salaam. M.Sc. Land Management Thesis, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Involved as a
supervisor, 2007
OTHER INFORMATION
Sophia has undertaken a number of training relating to land administration. The recent was
“Training on Rural and Peri-Urban Land Administration in the SADC Region, 2008”. The training
was organised and sponsored by SIDA and Hifab. The training which was conducted in three phases
comprised participants from SADC regions. The first phase was in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, second
phase was in Stockholm, Sweden and the last one was conducted in Arusha, Tanzania. The training
aimed at sharing knowledge on administering rural and periurban land in the SADC regions and the
experience from Sweden
50
Enclosure 5
Publication List
Publication List: Eva Liedholm Johnson
Name: Eva Liedholm Johnson
University: KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Telephone: +46 8 790 86 19
E-mail address: eva.liedholm.johnson@abe.kth.se
10 selected publications from the past 10 years, (*) the five most important publications
Peer-reviewed articles
Liedholm Johnson, E. Ericsson, M., (under review) State Ownership and Control of Minerals
and Mines in Sweden and Finland. Mineral Economics. Springer.
Liedholm Johnson, E., Paulsson, J. & Paasch, J. M. (forthcoming 2014) Classification and coordination of conflicting rights for sustainable land use. Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real
Estate Research.
Liedholm Johnson, E., Paulsson, J. & Paasch, J. M. (forthcoming 2015) Comparative Studies on
Land Use Rights – Methodological and Standardization Aspects. Journal of Comparative Law.
No. 1, 2015.
Liedholm Johnson, E. (2005) Interface between Mineral and Environmental Legislation: The
Example of Sweden as an Historic Mining Country in the European Union. In Bastida, E., Wälde,
T. and Warden_Fernández, J. (eds.) International and Comparative Mineral Law and Policy, pp.
1067-1080 Kluwer Law International. The Netherlands.
Liedholm Johnson, E. (2001) Rights to Minerals in Sweden: Current Situation from a Historical
Perspective. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law. Volume 19 no. 3, August 2001.
Books
Liedholm Johnson, E. (2010) Mineral Rights – Legal Systems Governing Exploration and
Exploitation. PhD thesis. Report 4:112 from the Section of Real Estate Planning and Land Law,
KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Stockholm. (284 pages)
51
Publication List: Jenny Paulsson
Name: Jenny Paulsson
University: KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Telephone: +46 8 790 6661
E-mail address: jenny.paulsson@abe.kth.se
10 selected publications from the past 10 years, (*) the five most important publications
Peer-reviewed articles
* Kalbro, T. & Paulsson, J. (forthcoming 2014) Development of Swedish Legislation regulating
Compensation for Compulsory Acquisition – A Law and Economics Perspective. European
Property Law Journal.
* Liedholm Johnson, E., Paulsson, J. & Paasch, J. M. (forthcoming 2014) Classification and coordination of conflicting rights for sustainable land use. Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real
Estate Research.
* Paasch, J. M. & Paulsson, J. (forthcoming 2015) Classification of Land Use: Further
Development of the ISO standard for Land Administration, ISO 19152. Homo Oeconomicus.
Paasch, J. M., van Oosterom, P., Lemmen, C. & Paulsson, J. (forthcoming 2015) Further
modelling of LADM’s Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRR). Land Use Policy.
* Liedholm Johnson, E., Paulsson, J. & Paasch, J. M. (forthcoming 2015) Comparative Studies
on Land Use Rights – Methodological and Standardization Aspects. Journal of Comparative
Law. No. 1, 2015.
Kalbro, T., Lindgren, E. & Paulsson, J. (forthcoming 2015) Urban Development Plans and
Permits. Inefficiencies in the Swedish Legal System. In R. Dixon-Gough, E. Hepperle, R.
Mansberger, J. Paulsson, F. Reuter & M. Yilmaz (Eds.) (forthcoming 2015) Challenges for
Governance Structures in Urban and Regional Development. vdf Hochschulverlag, Zürich.
Paulsson, J. (2013) Reasons for Introducing 3D Property in a Legal System –Illustrated by the
Swedish Case. Land Use Policy 33 (2013), pp. 195-203.
Paulsson, J & Paasch, J. (2013) 3D Property Research from a Legal Perspective. Computers,
Environment and Urban Systems. Vol. 40, July 2013, pp. 7-13.
Paasch, J. M. & Paulsson, J. (2011) Terminological Aspects Concerning Three-dimensional Real
Property. In Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research. Vol. 8, no. 1, 2011, pp. 8197.
Books
* Paulsson, J. (2007) 3D Property Rights - An Analysis of Key Factors Based on International
Experience. PhD thesis. Report 4:99 from the Section of Real Estate Planning and Land Law,
KTH Royal Institute of Technology. Stockholm. (351 pages)
52
Publication list: Prof Thomas Kalbro
10 selected publications from the past 10 years
Peer-reviewed articles in international journals
Kalbro, T. & Lind, H. 2007. Compulsory Purchase – Reasonable and Fair Compensation. An
Experimental Study. Nordic Journal of Surveying and Real Estate Research, Volume 4, number
1, 2007.
Kalbro, T. 2007. Compensation Rights in Property Values due to Planning Decisions in Sweden.
Washington University Global Studies Law Review, Volume 6, Number 1, 2007.
Kalbro, T. 2007. Private Compulsory Acquisition and the Public Interest Requirement. Paper to
the FIG (International Federation of Surveyors) Helsinki Seminar on Compulsory Purchase, 6-8
September 2007. The paper is published in the FIG-series “Article of the Month” in September
2007 (www.fig.net/pub/monthly_articles).
Kalbro, T. & Paulsson, J. (forthcoming 2014) Development of Swedish Legislation regulating
Compensation for Compulsory Acquisition – A Law and Economics Perspective. European
Property Law Journal.
Peer-reviewed book chapters
Ekbäck, P. & Kalbro, T. 2008. The Coase Theorem and Public Decision-Making. Exemplified
with the Swedish Joint Facilities Act. In Land Development Strategies: Patterns, Risk and
Responsibilities, eds. E. Hepperle, & H. Lenk. European Faculty of Land Use and Development.
Hochshulverlag AG an der ETH, Zürich.
Kalbro, T. 2010. Sweden. In “Takings International. A Comparative Perspective on Land Use
Regulations and Compensation Rights” (ed. R. Alterman). American Bar Association, Chicago.
Ekbäck, P. & Kalbro, T. 2010. Expropriation and Prejudicial Effects of Time-Consuming
Planning Processes. The Sporrong-Lönnroth Case Revisited. In Core-Themes of Land Use
Politics. Sustainability and Balance of Interests, eds. E. Hepperle, R.W Dixon-Gough, T. Kalbro,
R. Mansberger & K. Meyer-Cech. European Faculty of Land Use and Development.
Hochshulverlag AG an der ETH, Zürich.
Books
Kalbro, T & Lindgren, E. 2010. Markexploatering; juridik, ekonomi, teknik och organisation.
Norstedts Juridik (fjärde reviderade upplagan). Stockholm.
Sjödin, E., Ekbäck, P., Kalbro, T. & Norell, L. 2011. Markåtkomst och ersättning (tredje
reviderade upplagan). Norstedts Juridik. Stockholm.
Cars, G., Kalbro, T. & Lind, H. 2013. Nya regler för ökat bostadsbyggande och bättre
infrastruktur. SNS förlag, Stockholm.
53
Publication List: Prof J.M. Lusugga Kironde
Refereed papers
1. “Insights into micro-finance institutions in Tanzania and their potential role in poverty
alleviation”, Journal of Building and Land Development, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2007, pp. 77-93.
2. *“The Regulatory Framework, Unplanned Development and Urban Poverty: Findings from
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania” Land Use Policy, 23 (2006), p. 460-472.
3. “Spouse’s Consent in Mortgages: More Questions Than Answers”, Journal of Building and
Land Development, (Viewpoint) Vol. 12 Nos 1-3 (2005) pp. 93-95
Conference Contribution
1. *“Good Governance as a Fundamental Framework to Deal With Problems of Access to Land,
Land Delivery and Land Conflicts in Africa”, Paper Prepared for the CASLE-/UNHABITAT, IST, TIVEA Conference on “Promoting Sustainable Land Management in
Africa”, Bagamoyo, Tanzania, 14-17 March 2006, in Conference Proceedings, pp. 121-136
2. “Capacity Building for Secure Tenure: The Role of the University College of Lands and
Architectural Studies (UCLAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania”, in, Paul van der Molen and
Christian Lemmen (editors), Secure Land Tenure: New Legal Frameworks and Tools:
Proceedings of the Expert Group Meeting organised by FIG Commission 7, 11-12 November
2004, UN-Gigiri, Nairobi Kenya, FIG Denmark, pp. 219-230.
Book Chapter
1. “Race Class and Housing in Dar es Salaam: the Colonial impact on land use structure, 18911961”, Chapter 3, James R. Brennan, Andrew Burton & Yusuf Lawi, Dar es Salaam:
Histories from an emerging African Metropolis, Dar es Salaam/Nairobi: Mkuki na
Nyota/British Institute in Eastern Africa. (2007)
Popular Science articles/presentations
1. *“Land Grabbing in Africa: Policy, Legal and Institutional hiccups in Tanzania”, Seminar on
Analysis and Measures to Prevent Land Grabbing in Tanzania, The Courtyard Hotel, Dar es
Salaam 18th November 2011.
2. *“Improving Land Governance in Africa: The Case of Tanzania”, Workshop on Land
Governance in support of MDGs: Responding to Challenges, The World Bank, Washington
DC 9-10 March 2009.
3. *“Land Tenure, Land Use and Land Reform in Tanzania: A Synopsis”, prepared for the East
African Regional Workshop on Mapping Poverty Vulnerability and Resources Rights in East
Africa, Naivasha, Kenya 29th November-2nd December 2006.
54
4. *“Making Property Rights Work for the Poor in Tanzania”, Working Paper presented at the
National Consultation Conference, High Level Commission on Legal Empowerment of the
Poor, Dar es Salaam, 29th-30th November 2006
55
Publication List: Dr Sophia Kongela
1. Peer Reviewed Article
Kongela, S. M. (2014): Challenges of Introducing Sustainability in Curricula of the Built
Environment Courses in Developing Countries: Evidence from Tanzania. Paper Accepted for
Publication in the Journal of Building and Land Development
Kongela, S. M et al. (2011): The Negative Impact of Land Acquisition on Indigenous
Communities’ Livelihood and Environment in Tanzania. In: Habitat International, Vol. 35, No. 1,
pp. 66-73.
Kongela, S. M and Mpogole, M. K. (2008): Impact of Peripheral Urban Land Acquisition on
Indigenous Communities’ Livelihood and Environment around Uluguru Mountains, Morogoro,
Tanzania. RICS Publications, London.
2
Peer Reviewed Conference Contribution
Kongela, S. M. (2011): Drivers and Barriers in Realising Real Estate Sustainability in Developing
Countries: The Case of Tanzania. Paper Presented at the American Real Estate Society Conference
(ARES) 12 – 16 April, 2011. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Kongela, S. M and Mpogole, M. K. (2009): Sustainable property development in Tanzania:
Opportunities and challenges. Paper presented at European Real Estate Society Conference
(ERES), 24 – 27, June, Stockholm, Sweden.
3
NIL
Review Article, Book Chapter, Book
4
Patent
Kongela, S. M. (2013): Framework and Value Drivers for Real Estate Development in SubSaharan Africa: Assessment of the Tanzanian Real Estate Sector in the Context of the
Competitiveness Model. (Published PhD Thesis ISBN 978-3-89984-332-3, IMV GmbH & Co. KG,
Cologne)
5
NIL
Open Access Computer Programs that you have developed
6
NIL
Popular Science Article/Presentation
56
ENCLOSURE 6 – OVERALL BUDGET
Date: March 2015
Sub Program: Programme: Research Training in Developing Capacity to address Challenges of Commercial
Pressure over Lan
Period: 2015/16 -2019/20
Tanzanian Institution/Dept: School of Real Estate Studies, Ardhi University
Collaborating Institution/s in Sweden: Division of Building and Real Estate Economics, KTH
OBS! All major budget items should be
the same for all.
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
190,000
110,000
0
0
0
51,200
20,000
0
0
0
71,200
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,600
21,600
21,600
21,600
11,600
78,000
Travel
40,000
40,000
60,000
40,000
60,160
240,160
Field/Lab work
96,000
14,960
140,000
26,400
22,000
299,360
Student's fees
0
60,000
60,000
54,000
72,000
246,000
Student's stipend
0
0
0
0
0
0
Conferences
0
0
142,800 142,800
0
285,600
Publication costs
0
6,400
6,400
6,400
56,000
75,200
800
1,600
4,800
4,800
0
12,000
Audit
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other costs
0
0
14,400
64,000
14,400
92,800
Indirect costs
0
0
0
0
0
0
379,600
274,560
450,000
360,000
236,160
1,700,320
Tanzania
Curriculum development
Research equipment
Maintenance
Research consumables
Travel insurance
SUB TOTAL
300,000
57
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
Sweden
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
Supervision
Indirect costs
0 500,000
40,000
0
0
0
0 40,000
0
0
500,000 500,000 225,000 1,725,000
0
0
0
40,000
0
0
0
0
0
0 40,000
80,000
0
0
0
0
SUB TOTAL
40,000
540,000
500,000
2015/16
2016/17
SEK
Curriculum development
Lecturing on courses
Other costs
ISP - student allowances
500,000
265,000
1,845,000
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
0
64,000
64,000
96,000
0
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
419,600
878,560
1,014,000
956,000
501,160
3,769,500
SUB TOTAL
GRAND TOTAL
224,000
58
DETAILED BUDGET
Date: April 2015
Sub program: .Research Training in Developing Capacity to address Challenges of Commercial
Pressure over Land.
Component 1: New Local course/taught based PhD-training in
Period: 2015/16 to 2019/20
Tanzanian Institution/Dept: School of Real Estate Studies, Ardhi University
Collaborating Institution in Sweden: Division of Building and Real Estate Economics, KTH
OBS! Major budget items should be the same for all. The budget details may differ.
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
1. Needs Assessment
130,000
0
0
0
-
130,000
2. Drafting curricullum
0
0
0
-
50,000
Tanzania
1.
Curriculum development
3. Staff Exchange (ARU Staff)
20,000
0
0
0
-
20,000
4. Stakeholders Engagement
40,000
40,000
0
0
-
80,000
5. Approval process
Sub Total: Curriculum Development
2.
Sub Total: Research Equipment
Sub Total: Maintenance
0
0
-
20,000
0
0
-
300,000
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
0
-
0
0
-
0
0
Research Consumables
1. Books and stationery
Sub Total: Research Consumables
5.
20,000
110,000
Maintenance
N/A
4.
0
190,000
Research equipment
1. Laptop
3.
50,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Travel
59
1. Return ticket Dar-Stockholm-Dar
20,000
0
0
0 -
20,000
0
0 -
20,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
800
0
0
0 -
800
0
0
0
0 -
2. Return ticket for Swedish partners
( See Swedish Budget)
Sub Total: Travel
6.
20,000 -
Field/Lab work
0
1. Fieldwork
0 -
Sub Total: Fieldwork
7.
Student allowances/ISP
N/A
Sub Total: Student's Allowances
8.
Student fees x
N/A
Sub Total: Student's Fees
9.
Student stipend x
Sub Total: Student's Stipend
10 Conferences
Sub Total: Conferences
0
N/A
11 Publication costs
Sub Total: Publication Costs
12 Travel insurance
Staff Travel to Sweden
Sub Total: Travel Insurance
800
-
-
800
13 Other costs
Sub Total: Other Costs
0
0
0
60
14 Audit
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
210,800
110,000
0
0
Sub Total: Audit
15 Indirect costs
Sub Total: Indirect costs
SUB TOTAL
-
320,800
Note: SEK 40000 for Swedish partners involvement in New Program preparation is included in the
Swedish Budget
Date: April 2015
Sub program: Research Training in Developing Capacity to address Challenges of Commercial
Pressure over Land.
Component 2: PhD-training (Double degree)
Period: 2015/16 to 2019/20
Tanzanian Institution/Dept: School of Real Estate Studies, Ardhi University
Collaborating Institution in Sweden: Division of Building and Real Estate Economics, KTH
OBS! Major budget items should be the same for all. The budget details may differ.
Tanzania
1.
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
Curriculum development
Sub Total: Curriculum Development
2.
Research equipment
1. Laptops
Sub Total: Research Equipment
3.
20,000
20,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
20,000
20,000
-
0
-
Maintenance
Sub Total: Maintenance
4.
0
0
Research Consumables
61
1. Books and
Stationery
0 20,000
20,000
20,000 10,000
70,000
0 20,000
20,000
20,000 10,000
70,000
1.Return Ticket to Sweden - Student
0
40,000
40,000
40,000
3. External Examiner-Ticket
0
0
Sub Total: Research
Consumables
5.
Travel
120,000
-
0
40,000
40,000
4. External Examiner-living costs
0
0
0
0
20,160
20,160
Sub Total: Travel
0
40,000
40,000
40,000
180,160
60,160
6.
Field/Lab work
1. Pilot study (transport &
subsistence)
0
14,960
0
0 -
14,960
2. Major field work
0
0
44,000
26,400 -
70,400
3. Thesis writing retreat
0
0
0
0 22,000
22,000
0
14,960
44,000
26,400 22,000
107,360
0
64,000
64,000
96,000 -
224,000
0
64,000
64,000
96,000 -
224,000
0
60,000
60,000
54,000 72,000
246,000
0
60,000
60,000
54,000 72,000
246,000
0
0
0
Sub Total: Field/Lab Work
Student allowances/ISP
Sub Total: Student Allowances
7.
Student fees x
Sub Total: Students Fees
8.
Student stipend x
0 -
0
62
0
0
0
1. Travel (students)
0
0
40,000
40,000
2. Travel (supervisor )
0
0
40,000
40,000
2. Subsistence allowance (5 days)Supervisor
0
0
33,600
33,600
3. Subsistence allowance (5 days)Student
0
Sub Total: Students Stipend
0 -
0
Conferences
80,000
80,000
-
Sub Total: Conferences
67,200
-
0
29,200
29,200
58,400
-
0
0 142,800
142,800
285,600
-
9.
Publication costs
1.
Publication
0
6,400
6,400
2.Thesis printing
0
0
0
0 16,000
16,000
3. PhD Thesis publication
0
0
0
0 40,000
40,000
0
6,400
6,400
6,400 56,000
75,200
0
1,600
4,800
4,800 -
11,200
0
1,600
4,800
4,800 -
11,200
0
0
0
Sub Total: Publication Costs
6,400 -
19,200
10. Travel insurance
1. Student travel to Sweden
Sub Total: Travel insurance
11. Other costs
0
-
63
Sub Total: Other Costs
0
0
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
12. Audit
0
0
0
0
0
-
Sub Total:Audit
13. Indirect costs
Indirect costs (office space,
communication, utilities)
Sub Total: Indirect Cost
-
SUB TOTAL
0
-
-
-
-
-
226,960
382,000
390,400
220,160
1,219,520
Date: April 2015
Sub program: Research Training in Developing Capacity to address Challenges of Commercial Pressure over Land.
Component 3: Major Competitive Research
Period: 2015/16 to 2019/20
Tanzanian Institution/Dept: School of Real Estate Studies
Collaborating Institution in Sweden: Division of Building and Real Estate Economics, KTH
OBS! Major budget items should be the same for all. The budget details may differ.
Tanzania
1.
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
Research equipment
1. Laptops
2. Handheld GPS & Software
3. printer & photocopy machine
Sub Total: Research
Equipment
2.
2015/16
Maintenance
20,000
31,200
10,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
20,000
31,200
51,200
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
51,200
0
64
0
0
0
0
Materials and stationery
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
8,000
Sub Total: Research
Consumables
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
1,600
8,000
20,000
0
20,000
0
-
40,000
20,000
0
20,000
0
-
40,000
48,000
48,000
96,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48,000
48,000
96,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
96,000
96,000
192,000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2. Symposium
0
0
0
0
0
0
32,000
32,000
3. Training Workshop and
Seminars on Valuation
0
0
14,400
0
14,400
28,800
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,400
64,000
0
0
0
14,400
92,800
0
0
0
Sub Total: Maintenance
3.
4.
Travel
Sub Total: Travel
Fieldwork
1. Researchers Field Allowances
2. Research Assistants
Sub Total: Fieldwork
6.
Student allowances/ISP
Sub Total: Student's allowances
7.
Student fees x
Sub Total: Student's Fees
8.
Student stipends
Sub Total: Students Stipend
9.
0
Research Consumables
1. Transport
5.
-
Travel insurance
Sub Total: Travel insurance
-
10 Other Costs
1. Retreat for final research report
preparation
Sub Total: Other Costs
11 Audit
Sub Total: Audit
12 Indirect costs
0
0
0
-
-
32,000
32,000
65
0
0
0
0
168,800
1,600
132,000
65,600
Sub Total: Indirect Costs
SUB TOTAL
Sweden
1.
2.
0
16,000
384,000
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
Supervision x 250 000
1. Supervision in Sweden
0
350,000
350,000
350,000
175,000
1,225,000
2. Supervisor's visit to Tanzania
0
50,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
200,000
3. Student cost while in Sweden
0
100,000
100,000
100,000
Sub Total: Supervision
0
500,000
500,000
500,000
0
0
-
40,000
0
0
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
Curriculum development
1. Input in drafting curricullumBRE staff travel espneses to
Tanzania
3.
Lecturing on courses
4.
Other costs
1. Supervisor travel expenses to
Tanzania for PhD supervision
40,000
0
-
2. KTH staff visit to Tanzania for
Research, workshop and seminar
Sub Total: Other Costs
5.
-
0
-
-
40,000
40,000
-
-
225,000
-
300,000
1,725,000
-
40,000
80,000
40,000
80,000
0
0
0
0
-
0
SUB TOTAL
40,000
40,000
0
0
40,000
120,000
TOTAL
40,000
540,000
500,000
500,000
Indirect costs
265,000
1,845,000
66
GRAND TOTAL
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Total
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
SEK
419,600
878,560
956,000
501,160
1,014,000
3,769,500
67
Enclosure 7
Partnership Agreements (MoU) between the Parties
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
Enclosure 8
Report of programmes which have received previous funding from Sida for Collaboration
with Ardhi University
Refer to the overall (University) programme proposal
77
RESPONSE TO COMMENTS FROM THE SWEDISH EMBASSY
PhD
2203
2
MSc
Postdoc
Requested
Funds
Recomm.
Funds
1
0
3,862,000
3,862,000
Remarks
 Good approach
to both PhD and
MSc. MScstudents should
be attracted
with other
sources of
funding.
Agreement with
relevant
ministries?
 Budget
justification
needs to be
added
 Allowances of
PhD students –
number of
students and
approximate
number of
months should
be specified.
 Return ticket to
Sweden
budgeted
40,000 on page
60 (20,000 is
enough as
budgeted on
page 58).
 Curriculum
development
330,000
reasonable??
This seems to
be standard for
Ardhi. Compare
with UDSM and
MUHAS.
Budget justification
 The budget has been
recalculated to a total of
SEK 3,769,500
 The budget justifications
are described in the
Detailed budget on page
41-47
 The 40,000 is budgeted for
Swedish partners to
Tanzania for curriculum
development and the
20,000 is for staff
exchange (TZ) as
elaborated in the proposal
78