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Leadership
Multiple Choice
Questions
& Information
Slides
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1. Peter Drucker believes that "Effective
leadership is not about making speeches or
being liked, but more about _______."
Understanding
Results
Communications
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Drucker believes that effective businesses focus on
opportunities rather than problems.
• “Checking the results of a decision against its
expectations shows executives what their strengths
are, where they need to improve, and where they lack
knowledge or information.” Peter Drucker
• In 1964 Peter Drucker introduced his ground-breaking
book entitled “Managing For Results”.
• A world-renowned author, speaker, consultant and
teacher, Drucker taught his last class at Claremont
Graduate University in 2002 ……. at the age of 92.
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Question
2. Enabling employees to perform their job
functions with a greater level of autonomy is
referred to as which of the following terms?
Energizing employees
Enabling the workforce
Enjoining workforce competence
Enjoining competence
Empowering employees
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Managing people is all about creating an environment
in which people are empowered, productive, and
happy.
• Don't hobble your employees by limiting their tools or
information.
• Share your vision by allowing them to contribute in a
real sense and with their best talents.
• Trust employees to do the right thing. Although some
may abuse this trust, most will appreciate it and return
this measure of respect tenfold!
• Promote the fact that we learn through our mistakes,
and the only error is our failure to try.
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Question
3. Job Enlargement is a practice defined best
by which of the following statements?
Increasing individual job responsibility as a means of
increasing employee satisfaction.
Adding to the number of shifts a manufacturing company
deploys.
Increasing the number of employees assigned to a defined
job or task.
Giving employees impressive titles (VP of _____) only to
have them take on more work and responsibility.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Job enrichment is an attempt to motivate employees
by giving them the opportunity to use the range of
their abilities. It is an idea that was developed by the
American psychologist Frederick Herzberg in the
1950s. It can be contrasted to job enlargement which
simply increases the number of tasks without
changing the challenge. As such, job enrichment has
been described as 'vertical loading' of a job, while job
enlargement is 'horizontal loading'. An enriched job
should ideally contain:
– A range of tasks and challenges of varying difficulties
(physical or mental)
– A complete unit of work - a meaningful task
– Feedback, encouragement and communication
From Wikipedia
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4. Mary D. Poole of Presbyterian Healthcare
Foundation has been quoted as saying
"Leadership should be more __________ than
directive, more enabling than performing."
informative
subtle
participative
communicative
Answer
Information
Additional Information
1.
2.
Edward Kennedy - A heroic figure in American politics.
Gordon Brown - Now Prime Minister of the UK, Brown took a lead among
European leaders in setting a course for economic recovery.
3. Christine Lagarde - As the first female Finance Minister of any G-8 nation,
Lagarde knows well what it takes to break down barriers.
4. Thomas Dart – Sheriff Dart in 2008 announced he would not carry out any
more evictions tied to the large number of foreclosures in Cook County.
5. Avigdor Lieberman - One of the most vigorous advocates of a pre-emptive
Israeli strike to destroy Iran's nuclear facilities.
6. Joaquín Guzmán - Mexican druglord and the new Pablo Escobar.
7. Nouri al-Maliki - First Iraqi Prime Minister to hold office under the new
constitution.
8. Hillary Clinton - First Lady, U.S. Senator, author and the most successful
female presidential candidate in American history.
9. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono - Has managed to keep Indonesia afloat, even
during the current global recession.
10. Boris Johnson - Most original new face in British politics since the
emergence of Margaret Thatcher.
Time Magazine ranks the top
10 leaders &
revolutionaries in 2009
Click Here
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5. Margaret L. Clement instructs " Men pay no
heed to a dog that is always barking". Did she
mean…?
Good leaders learn how to filter out the noise and hear the
facts.
Good leadership rewards insight, but ignores boastful self
promotion.
Good leadership involves providing direction but perhaps
even more importantly, listening.
As Teddy Roosevelt loved to say, “Speak softly, but carry a
big stick.”
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• “As a successful leader, your word must be trusted. You must
be looked up to as someone who makes a promise and keeps
it. To be less than honest, to play favorites, to bend rules for
ego or selfish reasons, is to undermine your reputation and the
faith your employees must have in your leadership and
judgment. After all, faithful and dedicated productive
employees are an asset not easily replaced. Consistency, a
simple concept, is vital to building your business. If your
leadership is more an act than real deeds, someday you may be
looking for work.”
• “To be consistent: Promise only what is possible. Keep your
promises or do not make them. Treat all your employees
equally--playing favorites becomes a liability. If you have rules
don't disregard them. To do so sends the wrong message. To
be a leader you must set the example of behavior. Remember,
respect is earned, not bestowed.”
•
Twelve Lessons in Leadership: Be Consistent By Dr Paul E Adams Published September
2004
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6. J. Galbraith said "All of the great leaders have
one characteristic in common: it was the
willingness to confront unequivocally the
________of their people in their time. This, and
not much else, is the essence of leadership."
complaints
major anxieties
idiosyncrasies
bad attitudes
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Other quotes from John Kenneth Galbraith.
What did he mean by these?
– “Faced with the choice between changing one's
mind and proving there is no need to do so, almost
everyone gets busy on the proof.”
– “The only function of economic forecasting is to
make astrology look respectable.”
– “Meetings are indispensable when you don't want
to do anything.”
– John Kenneth "Ken" Galbraith, (October 1908 – April 2006)
was a Canadian-American economist. In 1985, the American
Humanist Association named Galbraith the Humanist of the
Year and in 2000 he was awarded his second U. S.
Presidential Medal of Freedom.
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Question
7. The fast food manager looked on as her
trainee again rang up the wrong item. The
customer began to complain to the supervising
manager. She responded, “He's new and having
some trouble catching on.” Rate her response.
POOR
FAIR
GOOD
EXCELLENT
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Always remember to separate the
criticism of the performer and the
performance.
• When the performance is under
attack, there's room for growth.
• Criticizing the performer can be
demoralizing and counterproductive and the damage done,
very difficult to undo.
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Question
8. This former U.S. president believed and said
"Leadership and learning are indispensable to
each other." Who was he?
Grover Cleveland
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
William Jefferson Clinton
John F. Kennedy
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Jack Kennedy was often sick as a boy and as an
adult. He came down with whooping cough,
measles, chicken pox, asthma and other painful
illnesses. As a result he spent a lot of time
indoors and reading. Kennedy became a life
long learner. Kennedy, although suffering from
severe back pain his entire life, never
complained. He spent at least half his days as
president using crutches.
• As president, he could digest large amounts of
material instead of just reading the summaries.
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Question
9. Dale Carnegie once said “You cannot push
anyone up the ladder, unless he is willing to
climb a little.” WHAT DID HE MEAN?
Promoting people prematurely can backfire!
Managers who fail to motivate their personnel, FAIL!
People can be motivated, but also need to exhibit internal
drive to succeed.
People need to be encouraged to seek higher level positions
within an organization.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
Konosuke Matsushita, founder of Panasonic
kept saying, “We produce people, and we
also produce electrical goods."
• He always believed that the measure of a
company was the people who worked for it,
that no enterprise could succeed if its
employees did not grow as human beings,
and that business, first and foremost, was
about cultivating human potential. No matter
how much capital, technology or equipment
an enterprise boasts, it is bound to fail if its
human resources are not developed.
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Question
10. A Chinese proverb reads "He who cannot
agree with his enemies is _______ them."
despised by
doomed to serve
never to know
controlled by
Answer
Information
Additional Information
Below are 9 Rules to “Avoid Making Enemies at Work” by Michael
Wade (8/2009) - First develop a list of your own rules, and then
reveal and receive 2 pts. for each match. Finally, discuss some of
the other rules you placed on your list.
Be very wary of ascribing
1 bad motives to anyone
Criticize the proposal
2 and not the person
Understate your case and3 moderate your language
See the situation from the 4other person’s perspective
Don’t rush 5
to judgment
Seek to clarify areas of agreement
and disagreement
6
Recognize that wise and well-meaning people can
7
strongly and sincerely disagree on major issues.
Accord basic
8 courtesy
Err on the side
9 of kindness
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11. Who said "Leadership is lifting a person's
vision to higher sights, the raising of a person's
performance to a higher standard, the building of
a personality type beyond its normal limitations“?
Peter F. Drucker
Warren Bennis
Tom Peters
Stephen Covey
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• On Demanding Excellence
• “Almost every president, starting with George
Washington, has employed speech writers to craft
their words. Once Ted Sorenson, a speech writer,
wrote an oration for John F. Kennedy. The President
asked him, "Is this the best you can do?" Sorenson
replied, "No, sir." Sorenson re-wrote the speech.
Again Sorenson came before Kennedy who
questioned him: "Is this the best you can do?" Again
Sorenson answered, "No, sir." Once more, Ted
Sorenson re-wrote the address for the third time.
Again he appeared before the president who queried
him once more: "Is this best you can do?" Sorenson
said this time, "Yes, sir." Then Kennedy accepted the
final draft of the speech.
•
•
John F. Kennedy on Leadership Philip Ernest Schoenberg, Ph.D.
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Question
12. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. once said, "If a man is
called to be a street sweeper, he should sweep the
streets, as Michelangelo painted, or Beethoven
composed music, or Shakespeare wrote poetry“.
What did he mean by this statement?
Whatever you do in life, should be done to the best of your
ability.
We all, each one of us, have a calling.
When you realize your calling, it is important to accept it.
A street sweeper may one day learn to paint or compose
music.
Answer
Question
Information
Additional Information
• “His leadership was not confined to fine speeches.
In private meetings, King was generally quiet. He
listened while others argued, often angrily and at
length, and then he would calmly sum up the debate
and identify a way forward. From the outset of his
career in Montgomery in 1955, right through to his
death in 1968, King had a remarkable ability to get
people who would otherwise be constantly feuding
to work together. He was consistently reluctant to
sever or sour relations with anyone who might help
the cause. This was particularly important because a
by-product of racism was a pronounced tendency to
factionalism inside the black community. King
became the vital centre - a point of balance and
unity.”
•
Martin Luther King's Style of Leadership by Dr Peter J Ling
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Question
13. Finish this quote by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
"Because I'm not so smart,…..?
I need to be very careful of who I really trust.”
I need to continuously read to know.”
I have to surround myself with real talent.”
I need to rely on my wife for the important decisions.”
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Roosevelt was one of those people who was
intensely interested in the World. He was always
open to new ideas and had an incredible memory for
the facts. He was well-educated , well-traveled, with
working knowledge of three foreign languages;
French, Spanish, and German. Roosevelt loved
reading about America’s history. He learned quickly.
He also learned well by listening; a trait that would
be of great assistance in the presidency. FDR proved
himself a great leader, blending other's thinking to
his own, to become one of our most effective
leaders.
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Question
14. The term Leadership Continuum, found in
modern leadership theory, refers to which of the
following?
It references a sliding scale of leadership styles from highly
participative to autocratic.
The idea that supervisors within an organization should all
have similar styles of leadership.
The notion that successful leadership is more a function of
consistency than style.
The idea that for a company to be successful and grow it is
essential they train for a succession of leaders.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Why is participative leadership a better approach?
• Employees feel appreciated and valued.
– Organizations that request their employees to check their
brains at the door, fail to succeed.
• Employees take ownership of the process.
– Have you ever watched a lackluster employee rush out
the door to get to his/her “whatever” meeting/event/game.
It’s not that they lack the energy, you’ve just never tapped
into it.
• Four heads are better than one!
– Our work is increasingly mental work these days.
Everyone has a different perspective, and gathering those
perspectives will result in a better product, service or idea.
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Question
15. Chester Barnard’s 1938 book, Functions of the
Executive, sets out a theory of organization and of the
functions of executives in organizations. He emphasized the
concept of communication and laid down these three rules:
1. Everyone should know the channels of communication.
2. Everyone should have access to the formal channels of
communication and finally 3. …?
Only formal versus informal lines of communication should be
encouraged.
Employees should be cautious to avoid over communicating.
Leaders should ensure their efforts to communicate are clear.
Lines of communication should be as short and as direct as
possible.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Chester Barnard’s most notable work is the
development of the Acceptance Theory of
Authority which states that managers only have as
much authority as they are given by their workers.
• Barnard felt that several factors affected the
willingness of employees to accept authority:
– 1. The employees must understand the communication.
– 2. The employees must accept the communication as
being consistent with the organization's purposes and
with the needs and desires of the other employees.
– 3. The employees must believe that they are mentally
and physically able to carry out the order.
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Question
16. Mary Parker Follett stressed the importance
of an organization establishing common goals for
its employees. This humanist also stressed the
importance of ________ rather than _________?
Science rather than conjecture.
“On the job” knowledge rather than formal education.
Formal education rather than “on the job” knowledge.
People rather than techniques.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Mary Parker Follett, born in 1868, was an
early management consultant and pioneer
in the fields of organizational theory and
behavior. She surfaced the need and
importance of business ethics within
organizations. She encouraged managers
to allow employees to participate in
decision making. Although seldom taken
seriously by management scholars of the
era, Follett's ideas were well ahead of her
time.
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Question
17. Frederick Taylor is called the “father of
scientific management”. What is scientific
management?
The attempt to explore and challenge managerial theory
through statistical analysis.
The study of work tasks, worker movements, tools and
processes in an effort to maximize work efficiency and
production.
Deploying the Scientific Method to analyze worker
production.
Using Gantt Charts, work flow diagrams, bar and line graphs
to review organizational progress.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Taylor thought that by analyzing work, the
"One Best Way" to do it would be found.
He is most remembered for development
of time and motion study.
• Taylor advocated:
– Replacing rule-of-thumb methods with those
based on a scientific study.
– Training employees to perform tasks as
determined by scientific management.
– Providing detailed instruction and supervision
for each component task.
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Question
18. In 1989 this management consultant
developed the 7 habits of highly effective
people. Who is he?
Stephen Covey
Tom Peters
Abraham Maslow
Peter Drucker
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Covey's recent book “The 8th Habit:
From Effectiveness to Greatness”
(published in 2004) is a sequel to his
best selling “Seven Habits” offering.
• The 8th habit essentially urges
individuals to find their own voice and
passion/s and to inspire others to do the
same.
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Question
19. Ken Blanchard, the management guru best
known for the "One Minute Manager" series,
and Paul Hersey created a model for Situational
Leadership in the late 1960's which basically
helps leaders to ……?
adopt a preferred leadership style.
learn about their personal leadership style and how they can
modify situations to more effectively lead.
learn about one minute situational interventions to effectively
manage subordinates.
analyze the needs of the situation you're dealing with, and
then adopt the most appropriate leadership style.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Directing Leaders define the roles and tasks of the
'follower', and supervise them closely. Decisions are made
by the leader and announced, so communication is largely
one-way.
• Coaching Leaders still define roles and tasks, but seek
ideas and suggestions from the follower. Decisions remain
the leader's prerogative, but communication is much more
two-way.
• Supporting Leaders pass day-to-day decisions, such as
task allocation and processes, to the follower. The leader
facilitates and takes part in decisions, but control is with the
follower.
• Delegating Leaders are still involved in decisions and
problem-solving, but control is with the follower. The
follower decides when and how the leader will be involved.
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20. Peter Drucker is the author of over 35 books
dealing with business management, and a
leading voice in the business world. Which of
these statements does not belong to Drucker?
Planning does NOT work!
The only worthy goal is to make a meaningful life out of an
ordinary one.
If you don’t respect a job, not only will you do a poor job of it,
but it will corrupt you, and eventually it may even kill you.
The only thing good intentions are for is to pave the road to
hell.
All of the above are statements made by Peter Drucker.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
Below we’ve listed 10 logical steps for developing a strategic plan.
Place these in order and receive 2 pts. for each correct ranking.
Do a SWOT Analysis - review the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in an organization
4
?
Outline broad strategies addressing your plan
5
?
Develop a mission or vision statement for the plan
2
?
Have key decision makers review/approve the document
9
?
Implement the plan
10
?
Identify specifics and measure objectives for each goal
7
?
Identify issues the plan should address
1
?
Draft a final plan document
8
?
Establish goals supporting your mission/vision statement
6
?
Broadly identify information that must be collected
3
?
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Question
21. This form of leadership is one of the least
desirable when it comes to building trusting
relationships. The leader is in complete control and
no one is permitted to make any suggestions or
offer any opinions, no matter how it may benefit
the organization. This is ______?
Bureaucratic Leadership Style
Laissez-faire Leadership Style
Directive Leadership Style
Autocratic Leadership Style
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• The Autocratic Leadership Style was first
described by Lewin, Lippitt, and White in 1938
along with the democratic leadership and the
laissez-faire leadership styles. The autocratic
leadership style is sometimes referred to as the
directive leadership style.
• The characteristics of an autocratic style include:
– Work methods that are dictated by the autocratic
leader (Do it the way I tell you to).
– Limited employee participation in most aspects of
work (Thanks, but no thanks for your ideas).
– Unilateral decision making by the leader (If in doubt,
ask me, and I’ll tell you what to do).
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Question
22. This crafter of the Declaration of
Independence said, "Nothing can stop a man
with the right mental attitude from achieving his
goal, nothing on earth can help the man with the
wrong mental attitude." Who said this?
John Adams
Ben Franklin
James Madison
Thomas Jefferson
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• “Washington's intellect”, Thomas Jefferson once admitted,
“was not of the very first order." Nevertheless, he added,
"He was indeed . . . a wise, a good, and a great man.“
• Washington was certainly a leader but perhaps more
importantly a listener. He would make decisions by
listening to all ideas, collecting and evaluating the
available information prior to determining the best course
of action.
• Washington's cabinet included John Adams (VP),
Thomas Jefferson (Sec. of State), Alexander Hamilton
(Sec. of the Treasury) and Henry Knox (Sec. of War), a
real “Dream Team”.
• As FDR was once quoted saying “ Because I’m not so
smart, I have to surround myself with real talent.”
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Question
23. Which of these is NOT a quote from Mary
Kay Ash?
A company is only as good as the people it keeps.
Criticize the act, not the person.
Everyone has an invisible sign hanging from their neck
saying, 'Make me feel important.' Never forget this message
when working with people.
What work I have done I have done because it has been play.
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• Recognized today as America's greatest woman
entrepreneur, Mary Kay created new opportunities for
women around the world. Her revolutionary move led to a
multibillion-dollar success. In the process, she earned a
place in the hearts of millions for her giving spirit,
unwavering values and inspiring belief in the power and
potential of women.
• In 1963, she put her plan into action. With her past
experience, the plan and $5,000 in savings, Mary Kay Ash
created Beauty by Mary Kay. It was a first – a company
dedicated to making life more beautiful for women. It was
a company – as Mary Kay Ash would say – "with heart."
• With 1.8 million Independent Beauty Consultants in more
than 30 markets worldwide, the Company continues to be
one of the greatest success stories in business.
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Question
24. Often new employees show positive
enthusiasm in the first few weeks on the job,
however this will often dwindle over time. Why?
(Best answer)
People when first starting a job put forth their best efforts to
impress the boss.
Often the corporate culture fails to support and reward such
employee enthusiasm.
After awhile working with the public can be demoralizing!
None of the above
All of the above
Answer
Information
Additional Information
• It is said that people do not leave jobs but
instead leave their manager.
• Your manager is always an extremely important
person in your life.
• Think about it, your manager can, with a kind
word, make you feel “like a million bucks”.
• They can also produce enough stress in your life
to cause you to lose sleep or even stop eating.
• It is a tremendous responsibility and critical that
managers realize how powerfully they affect the
lives of each and every one of their employees.
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