Year 5 Grammar C Exercises: Answers Exercise 1.1 C Identifying pronouns* Kasienka has a special magnet that can find doughnuts. Whenever she wants a doughnut, she just waves the magnet around. If any doughnuts are nearby, you can be sure that the magnet will find them. Kasienka wishes that the magnet could also find chips, but it can’t. I have a magnet too, but mine can find both chips and doughnuts. Kasienka thinks that mine is better than hers, and she’s right. The teacher, who hates magnets, is always taking ours away from us. Magnets that can only find metal stuff are boring. There are 15 pronouns – have you found them all? When the aliens arrived, they used a giant magnet to suck up all the buildings. They took everything except for the pyramids and the igloos, which are made of stone and ice. Now we wish we’d made all the buildings out of paper, but most of ours had metal in them. Anything that’s made of metal is gone now. You have to ride a wooden bike. You have to eat with a plastic spoon. You have to catch a paper train, which is usually late. I hope they bring the metal back soon, because I want to make trumpets when I grow up. “At least we’ve still got all the doughnuts!” said Kasienka. There are 17 pronouns – have you found them all? Whose is this dinosaur magnet? Mine, of course! Some people say it’s dangerous, which makes sense. Most people don’t want to go anywhere near dinosaurs. I’m not scared though, so I use the dinosaur magnet to find dinosaurs all the time. Magnets that can find dinosaurs are very rare – I’m the only person who has one. If you had one, would you use yours to find dinosaurs, or would you be too scared? There are 11 pronouns – have you found them all? “Whoah!” shouted the captain, “that’s the biggest magnet I’ve ever seen!” Most ships are made of metal, so when captains see giant magnets, they get scared. “In the olden days, ships were made of wood,” said the captain, “so we weren’t afraid of giant magnets back then.” The captain thought about the old-fashioned ships that were made of wood, and she wished that hers was made of wood too. Just in the nick of time, she had a brilliant idea. “The lifeboats are made of wood!” she shouted. All the sailors jumped into the lifeboats as the ship crashed into the magnet, which was red and spiky. There are 10 pronouns – have you found them all? *Sometimes words like ‘his’ are possessive pronouns, e.g. the book was his. Sometimes they are possessive determiners, e.g. It was his book. It is not necessary to make this distinction with children. NB. it’s = it is, so the pronoun is its (no apostrophe as no missing letter) Exercise 1.2 C Categorising pronouns Pronoun Personal pronoun Possessive pronoun or determiner Relative pronoun he mine you theirs his which who me that her ours Exercise 1.3 C Identifying and categorising pronouns Sentence Marta is the one who taught me how to skateboard. You’ve broken Marta’s skateboard, so I’m lending her mine. If you want, you can lend her yours, which is better than mine. After we go skateboarding, you can come round to ours for dinner. Did you see the jump that Marta did? It was the highest jump that I have ever seen her do on a skateboard. If you think you can do a jump that’s higher than hers, have a go. The place where we go skateboarding is getting boring. Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns or determiners me Relative pronouns who you, I, her mine you, you, her yours, mine we, you ours which you that It, I, her that you, you hers that we where We need to find a new place that’s more fun. we that They said Marta and I could go round to theirs. they, I I think you are the person who skateboards the fastest. When she gave the skateboard back, its wheels had fallen off! theirs I, you she who its Exercise 1.4 C Identifying the type of pronoun 1. I saw a tiger on the day that school finished. Etta’s tiger was good, but I preferred mine. Tell me if you like rhinos. The rhinos, which were huge, crashed through the school gate. I think rhinos’ feet are bigger than ours. Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns Relative pronouns I mine that me ours which you I 2. I did the homework, but then a fox ate it. Tammy is the one who copied mine. Tammy invited me round to hers. She lives on the road where the foxes steal homework. I tried to catch them, but they were too fast. Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns I mine it hers me she I them they 3. The rocket that the scientists built was massive. The scientists, who love building rockets, were pleased. Aliens came to steal it from them. “No!” said the scientists, “The rocket is ours!” “Not anymore, it isn’t!” said the aliens as they flew off. Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns it ours them it they Relative pronouns who where Relative pronouns that who 4. The car that goes the fastest is the winner! The red car, which is leading the race, has silver stripes on it. That red one is the car that’s driven by an octopus. The driver who can avoid crashing it will probably win. If she is careful at the corner, the trophy will be hers. Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns Relative pronouns it hers that she which it that who 5. Come round to my house for a burger pie. Or go round to hers for worms on toast. If you saw a jelly pizza, would you eat it? Ours is delicious, but theirs is disgusting. Look at the slugs that he cooked. Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns you my you hers it ours he theirs Relative pronouns that which where who 6. Shall I give you a laser, or would you prefer a jetpack? Make sure you wear a helmet. My sister didn’t bring a helmet, so I had to give her mine. My brother crashed into an asteroid, but I didn’t laugh at him. Have you seen the place where they left an asteroid? Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns Relative pronouns I mine where you you you I her I him they Exercise 1.5 C Identifying personal pronouns 1. Aron and Kasienka have a pet wolf. They take turns looking after the wolf – Kasienka looks after it in the week, and Aron looks after it at weekends. Aron says he always feeds the wolf jam doughnuts. Kasienka says she feeds it chocolate bars. The problem with the wolf is that it’s always hungry and sometimes it eats people’s grandmas. Aron and Kasienka are always saying, “We’re sorry about all the grandmas!” Pronoun Refers to they Aron and Kasienka it the wolf he Aron she Kasienka we Aron and Kasienka 2. Chloe has caught a snake driving her car. “What are you doing?” she says. The snake says that it is sorry – it just wanted to have a go. “Hmm,” says Chloe, “I’m not sure if snakes can drive cars.” Chloe and the snake discuss the car for quite a while. In the end they agree that the snake can borrow the car if it doesn’t bite Chloe for at least a month. “So, do we have a deal?” Chloe asks the snake. “Deal!” shouts the snake, as it speeds off in the car. Pronoun Refers to you the snake she Chloe it the snake I Chloe they Chloe and the snake we Chloe and the snake 3. The football team’s bus has broken down! They are not sure how they’ll get to the match. The team captain says she has an idea: if they run they might get there on time. The manager is not so sure. He thinks they should try to borrow 12 skateboards. “Either way, we had better hurry!” says the captain. The manager and all the players agree with her. Pronoun Refers to they the football team she the captain he the manager we the football team her the captain 4. Piotr says that he saw a robot in town and it had a laser for a face. His mum doesn’t believe him. “Robots don’t exist!” she says, as robots creep in through the window. “You must have imagined it!” she says, as robots start eating the TV. But Piotr knows what he saw: robots! They are all over the place. They are eating the TV and the toaster. Just because Piotr’s mum doesn’t believe in them, doesn’t mean they don’t exist. Stangely, the robots say that they don’t believe in Piotr’s mum. Pronoun Refers to he Piotr it the robot him Piotr she Piotr’s mum you Piotr they robots them robots 5. Ella hid from the pirates under a barrel. She knew that if she made a sound, they’d find her. The parrot nearly found her, but she distracted it by feeding it a biscuit. “If they find me, I’ll climb up the rigging and hide in the crow’s nest,” she muttered. Meanwhile, the pirates were searching high and low. “We’ll make her walk the plank!” they sang. Pronoun Refers to she Ella they the pirates her Ella it the parrot me Ella I Ella we the pirates 6. Ellis was in a pod drifting through space. He looked at the stars and wondered which one was the Sun. “How will I get home?” he said. “Sir, there isn’t enough fuel,” said the computer. Ellis turned it off because it was distracting him. He missed his cats, and he hoped they were being looked after. Ellis’s crew had set out six months ago on a mission to Mars. “If only we’d brought more fuel,” Ellis said. “I tried to tell you!” said the computer as it flicked back on. Pronoun Refers to he Ellis I Ellis it the computer him Ellis they the cats we Ellis and the crew you Ellis Exercise 1.6 C Identifying relative pronouns 1. Alex has a trombone, which is bigger than a trumpet. He plays every day in the park – so if you can hear a trombone, I bet Alex is the boy who’s playing it. The song that he plays is called ‘All Alone’. If you want to know if he’s good, you should ask the squirrels who listen to him. Pronoun Refers to which a trombone who the boy that the song whom the squirrels 2. It was a new bike that Ali had really wanted. Instead, she got a calculator. Ali’s brother, who got a new bike, was riding up and down the street. In the end, everybody wanted a go on Ali’s calculator, which could blast through space. Pronoun Refers to that a new bike who Ali’s brother which Ali’s calculator 3. The song that everybody wanted to hear was called ‘Autumn Leaves’. The crocodile, who was called Mary, refused to play ‘Autumn Leaves’ until she’d eaten her cucumber sandwich. The audience, who had been promised a good show, were getting annoyed. The concert, which was last Friday, was rubbish. Pronoun Refers to that the song who the crocodile who the audience which the concert 4. Arthur, who is a naughty dog, is always diving in swamps. His favourite swamps are the swamps that are full of disgusting sludge. The swamps which Arthur dives in are the stinkiest swamps you can possibly imagine. The people who Arthur jumps on get very stinky, very sludgy and very angry. Pronoun Refers to who Arthur that the swamps which the swamps who the people 5. Have you ever met a dog that could play the violin? Have you ever met a violinist who was a dog? The dog who I gave a violin to, hasn’t been practising enough. Dogs, which don’t have thumbs, prefer to play the drums. Pronoun Refers to that a dog who a violinist who the dog which dogs 6. The person who can play the flute for the longest wins the competition. “This is the stupidest competition that I’ve ever heard of!” says Kasienka. The competition, which lasts for six weeks, is won by an alien with fifty lungs. Did you see the alien who won the trophy? It was hideous! Pronoun Refers to who the person that the stupidest competition which the competition who the alien Exercise 1.7 C Identifying possessive pronouns 1. Karla was climbing aboard her rocket when they arrived – space badgers riding their bikes through space! Karla shouted to Sunil for help, but he was chatting on his radio. Luckily for Karla, the moon has lots of craters on its surface. She hid in one of the craters and waited for the badgers to leave. “Hey, that’s my rocket!” she shouted as the badgers tried to steal the rocket. “It’s ours now!” they cried, as they flew off. Pronoun/Determiner Belongs to her Karla their space badgers his Sunil its the moon my Karla ours the badgers 2. “Is that your car?” Priya asked her mum. Priya’s mum nodded. “Then why are those monkeys eating their picnic on the roof?” said Priya. Monkeys are always eating picnics on the roofs of cars. “Get off my car!” shouted Priya’s mum. Just then a zookeeper came along, looking for his picnic. Pronoun/Determiner Belongs to your Priya’s mum her Priya their the monkeys my Priya’s mum his the zookeeper 3. Piotr and Cathy are arguing over who has the fastest skateboard. His is good on hills, but hers is better on corners. “I don’t know what you’re arguing about,” says Rhonda. She thinks their skateboards are equally good. “Shall we swap, then?” says Piotr. “No way,” says Cathy, “mine is better than yours.” Pronoun/Determiner Belongs to his Piotr hers Cathy their Piotr and Cathy mine Cathy yours Piotr 4. Everyone talks about Batman’s car, but they never mention his boat. Last summer, he lent it to Penny’s parents. Penny didn’t like it because of her fear of bats. Her parents didn’t like it because of their fear of boats. “If you don’t like bats or boats, don’t borrow my boat!” said Batman. “For our holiday next year, we’ll borrow a hovercraft!” said Penny’s parents. They had better check with Catwoman first, because the hovercraft is hers. Pronoun/Determiner Belongs to his Batman her Penny their Penny’s parents my Batman our Penny’s parents hers Catwoman 5. Carrie has a very strange piano. All its black keys quack and all its white keys oink. When she presses the pedals down they moo. She doesn’t know her piano is strange; she thinks all pianos are like that. She thinks all their keys quack and oink. Martin has a normal piano. When Carrie hears his piano, she thinks it sounds weird. “Where have all the animals from your piano gone?” she says. “My piano doesn’t have any animals!” says Martin. Carrie feels sorry for Martin. Pronoun/Determiner Belongs to its Carrie’s piano her Carrie their pianos his Martin your Martin my Martin 6. Why does that moose have skates on its feet? Why do those bats have lasers on their wings? Why does that fox have a helmet on his head? Why does that badger have eels in her mouth? Why do we humans have cats in our houses? Why do you tigers have corks on your claws? Pronoun/Determiner Belongs to its moose their bats his fox her badger our humans your tigers Exercise 1.8 C Pronouns 1. If you’re scared of going into space, you’d better not sit next to Tammy. She never sits still during blast-off, which is really annoying. You should also watch out for Doug. Last time he forgot to bring a laser, so he kept borrowing mine. The person who you should sit next to is Christine. She sits quietly and she never forgets things. When the countdown starts, just close your eyes and think about Jupiter. You may have been to Mars, but Jupiter’s a different story. We’re going to a planet that’s made of gas! Personal Relative Possessive* you who mine you that she you he he you she she you we 2. The only badger that plays the drums lives in my grandma’s garden. He keeps her awake all night with his drumming, which is driving her mad. Sometimes he whacks a cymbal for half an hour; sometimes he headbutts the snare drum for twenty minutes. We tried to get him to stop drumming at night for the people who are trying to sleep. He just laughed and starting drumming. We tried to tell him that it’s not his garden, but badgers don’t care if the garden belongs to someone’s grandma. In the end, they agreed that he would stop his drumming by nine o’clock. I hope he keeps to the deal. Personal Relative Possessive* he that my her which his her who his he he we him he we him it they he he 3. I wonder why nobody writes poems about video games. They always write poems about birds and trees, which aren’t as exciting. I’m going to be the first person who writes poems about video games and TV. My friend Alex writes poems about suits of armour, and he hides them in a drawer. A friend of mine, Kasienka says her poems are all about robots, but sometimes she also writes about helicopters. Once I read a poem about Batman, but it wasn’t very good. Personal Relative Possessive* I which my they who mine I her he them she I it 4. Ali thought her mum’s car was faster than a cheetah. The only way to find out was to hold a race, so we set up a track in the park. A man from the council came and said the race wasn’t safe, but he ran off when he saw the cheetah, which is the fastest animal on land. In the end,it was a draw, which meant that Ali’s mum’s car is as fast as a cheetah. Now Ali tells everyone about her mum’s car, and the cheetah avoids having races. People often laugh when they see the cheetah driving its car, but I don’t think it’s funny. Personal Relative Possessive* we which her he which her he its it they I it 5. I’ve never seen a hovercraft before, but I’ve heard all about them. Apparently, they can go over water and land. I know a guy called Ben who says he has one, but nobody’s ever seen him driving his hovercraft about. If I had one, I’d drive it to Cuba to listen to jazz music and eat fresh coconuts. Where would you go in your hovercraft? I’ve been trying to persuade my dad to swap his bike for a hovercraft, but he says he doesn’t want to. He says a hovercraft wouldn’t fit in the hall, which is a silly excuse. Personal Relative Possessive* I who his I your them my they his I he him I I it you I he he he 6. Do you know a guy who’s called Bilal? I do; he’s my best friend. Whatever Bilal does, I do with him. Sometimes we ride our skateboards through caves, and sometimes we ride our bikes over volcanoes. Bilal says we’re the bravest kids on the street, which is easy, because we’re the only kids on the street. Once I saw Bilal win fifty games of conkers in a row. Once I saw him do a wheelie all the way into town. He said it was easy, but I know he was trying his hardest. Personal Relative Possessive* you who my I our he our I his we we we we I him it I he *Sometimes words like ‘his’ are possessive pronouns, e.g. the book was his. Sometimes they are, strictly, possessive determiners, i.e. possessive pronouns acting as adjectives, e.g. It was his book. It is not necessary to make this distinction with children. Exercise 2.1 C – Adjectives 1. I can still remember the time I saw a massive piano fall down a staircase. There were wooden splinters and broken keys all over the place. The worst thing was the terrible noise it made as it crashed onto the hard floor at the bottom of the stairs. Lots of silly people blamed me, because I shouldn’t have been playing such a risky game of ‘catch the piano’. But the game was my uncle Amir’s bright idea. He said he was furious because he loved the old piano. I’m going to cheer him up by buying him a flashy new keyboard that has red lights on and can make loads of weird beeps. 2. The first thing you need to know about trumpets is that they make the worst noise you can imagine. Everyone laughs at the poor trumpet players as they walk around smoky old towns looking for something called a ‘gig’. A gig is where everyone pays you to play your favourite songs on a tiny trumpet until they get bored. The second thing you need to know about trumpets is that sometimes someone can use a rusty and battered trumpet to make a brilliant noise. That happened a lot in the old days, but it doesn’t happen much in modern times. 3. What’s better than a boring piano? A laser-piano. What’s better than a boring trumpet? A rocket-trumpet. You can make any boring instrument better by adding a green laser or a huge rocket. My friend Gertrude has a shiny trombone covered in electric lights and silver spikes. She looks scary when she comes on stage riding a golden lion and carrying her rubyred xylophone. 4. What’s your favourite band? Once I saw an American jazz band playing on a massive boat. And once I saw an Ethiopian disco band playing in a spooky cave. The best band I ever saw were playing invisible drums in an ancient temple in Japan. I bought a cool T-shirt with the band’s name on. 5. I used to think playing my oboe was boring. But that was before I realised you can play an oboe any old way you want. You can just make up the silliest tunes you can think of, and write really ridiculous songs. You can hit your oboe with a big stick, so it sounds like a drum. You can make horrible noises that only you enjoy. If anyone says that isn’t playing the oboe, they’re wrong. Exercise 2.2 C Adverbs 1. I was extremely surprised to see a ship full of Vikings in my Uncle’s pond. I always see frogs there, and I usually see goldfish – but not Vikings. The Vikings were shouting ferociously and rowing desperately to get out of the pond. The boat didn’t fit in the pond properly, so the Vikings knew they looked really stupid. I kindly offered to help, but Vikings are incredibly proud, so they wouldn’t let me. They’re probably still in the pond. 2. Some people think aliens built the pyramids, but I’m fairly sure that the Egyptians built them. Why would aliens bravely fly a billion miles to do that? They clearly wouldn’t. I think the pyramids were extremely difficult to build, and the workers who built them were treated cruelly. Have you ever seen a photograph of them? I wonder how they got all those stone unbelievably far off the ground! I’m pretty sure I wouldn’t be able to build one, even if I tried really hard. 3. Sometimes, when I’m really bored, I imagine Britain 1000 years ago. I’m not completely sure what it was like, but I often imagine that there were more trees. It probably rained quite heavily, just like it always does now. I think there were people riding horses quickly along tracks, and people looking sadly out of castle windows. Sometimes I think there were even bored children, quietly imagining Britain 1000 years before. 4. My teacher says that Hercules was absolutely the strongest person ever. I’m not so sure, because Aisha from my class is really incredibly strong. She can easily lift up my bike with one hand. I don’t even believe that Hercules actually existed. It was such a long time ago that no one knows that he was definitely real. Aisha definitely exists. I can see her carefully lifting up her desk and frighteningly throwing it out the window. 5. How can you discover a place if people already live there? Imagine if someone rudely charged into your house and said, “I have discovered this house!” I would be really annoyed! Imagine if they put up a horribly ugly flag and immediately named your house after themselves. The very worst thing would be if they wrote a totally dreadful song about how the house was completely empty when they annoyingly turned up. Exercise 2.3 C Different uses of adverbs Adverb modifying a verb – telling us more about ‘how’ something is done or occurs. adverb verb suddenly realised accidentally impatiently probably quickly totally mistakenly carelessly well knocked tried stop made forgot used spilled make Adverb modifying an adjective – making a description more or less strong. adverb adjective too much extremely cold perfectly disgusting unusually strong startlingly incredibly clean silly Adverb modifying an adverb – making the adverb more or less strong, or different. adverb adverb really hard too very fast probably Exercise 2.4 C Adverbials 1. Last week, my brother got himself into big trouble. For a start, he shouldn’t have stolen those tins of tuna. He says he wanted to feed his shark without anyone’s help. In the morning, the police had found out that he had a shark in the attic. Without a shark licence, I don’t think he’ll be allowed to keep it. 2. It’s not easy to hide a shark from everyone. You need to keep it quiet all day. Without lots of tins of tuna, that’s difficult. You also have to stop it making a mess in the attic. In ten minutes, a shark can soak the attic and eat all the tuna. Last week, I thought a shark would make a great pet. In the end, I realised it would’ve been better to get a cat. I can still hear the shark sloshing around up there. 3. At the end of the day, a giant flesh-eating fish with 300 teeth doesn’t belong in an attic. In the end, we had to take the shark to Cornwall and let it swim out to sea. We got a lift down there with my grandma, who drives a massive lorry. I was sad to see the shark leave without any tins of tuna. After that, we drove back to Birmingham for tea. I miss the shark, but I’m glad it’s swimming with its flesh-eating, 300-teethed friends. 4. Since we released the shark, we’ve been considering getting a new pet. I suggested a bear, but my brother disagreed. This morning, he suggested we get 1000 deadly scorpions. I like deadly scorpions, but I don’t want to feed 1000 of them without gloves and a mask. Between the two of us, we’ve agreed to get a small bear and 50 non-deadly scorpions. This time, we won’t keep them in the attic. We’ll have to think of another way to hide them from our parents. I hope bears and scorpions get on with each other. Before long, we’ll find out. Exercise 2.5 C Adding adjectives Individual answers Exercise 2.6 C Adding adverbs Individual answers Exercise 2.7 C Adding adverbials Individual answers Exercise 2.8 C Adding descriptions Individual answers Exercise 2.8 C Adverbs 2. I did my homework unusually well, and I went to bed. I lay quietly in the very dark room pretending to be asleep. I waited patiently until I was completely sure that everyone was asleep. Then I silently crept into the kitchen to try and catch the very sneaky badgers. The badgers had cunningly hidden, so I didn’t quite catch them. But I definitely will. 3. I immediately called the police when I noticed that my car had been stolen. It really was a very lovely car. I always lock it, but the badgers who stole it can very craftily unlock cars. The woman who sold me the car told me it was completely badger-proof, but I don’t quite believe that. 4. I usually get the bus to school, but I sometimes get a lift from Kiran’s mum. Her car is incredibly large and ridiculously comfy. My dad told me that in London children get the train to school, and the trains go really quickly. If I’m quite late, I have to walk very fast so I don’t get in trouble. 5. People don’t like it if you secretly paint their cars. I often paint people’s cars, and they are tremendously angry. I usually find that people would rather paint their cars themselves. The problem is that I paint very badly and not very carefully. I always do my best. Exercise 2.10 C Identifying adjectives, adverbs and adverbials 2. In London, there’s a chef who makes horrible pies out of porridge. Would you really eat a porridge pie? She also makes fishy, slimy cakes and rock-hard pasta. Everyone thinks she’s the very cleverest chef in all of London. Sometimes people come and politely ask her how she gets her amazing ideas about pies. She quietly shrugs and carries on making a silly lasagne. There are 7 adjectives, 6 adverbs, and 4 adverbials. Did you find them all? 3. The world’s biggest sandwich was made in Lebanon. It was incredibly long and absolutely full of chicken. They made it a few years ago. After making the sandwich, I bet they didn’t have to make any new sandwiches for months. I would really like to break the British record, but I only have a single loaf of bread. There are 7 adjectives, 4 adverbs, and 3 adverbials. Did you find them all? 4. My sister says that if you get really hungry you can just order a massive pizza. I don’t understand – what exactly can you order it to do? At my house, people are always saying crazy things. If I ordered a pizza to do something, I don’t quite believe it would understand me. The worst thing would be if, after the order, the pizza stubbornly refused to obey me. There are 4 adjectives, 6 adverbs, and 2 adverbials. Did you find them all? 5. Ever since last year, everyone totally hates pasties! Some people cruelly ignore them; some people ferociously throw them out of windows. I slightly suspect that secret aliens are responsible. The other day, a man crushed 1000 pasties in his lorry. I saw a woman furiously burn a load of pasties last night. I hope people start liking pasties as soon as possible. There are 5 adjectives, 5 adverbs, and 5 adverbials. Did you find them all?