First Aid
9th Grade Health
First Aid
Imagine you are outside your house
getting the mail, and a man you do not
know collapses to the ground while
taking his dog for a walk.
Thinking Questions
•Why do you think you or someone else might hesitate to help the victim?
•What are some consequences of helping the victim? (positive and negative)
•What are some consequences of not helping the victim (positive and
negative)
Good Samaritan Law
What is the Good Samaritan Law?
A law protecting those who help the injured or ill from liability.
•Do you think the Good Samaritan Law is a good thing or not? Why?
What is First Aid?
The immediate care given to someone who becomes injured or ill
until regular medical care can be provided.
What is Consent?
Permission given by a victim to someone willing to provide treatment.
If the victim cannot respond, there is implied consent.
What does Conscious mean?
It is when a person is aware of his or her surroundings.
What does Unconscious mean?
It is when a person is unable to respond.
1. Check for Danger
2. Check for Response
3. Call 911
4. Provide Care
REMEMBER
CHECK
CHECK
CALL
CARE
Gloves
•Protect against blood born illnesses
•Must be removed properly
•Must be disposed of properly
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzns6vTTp0Q
Breathing Barriers
•Have a 1 way valve
•Not always available
Pop Quiz
What are the 4 C’s of First Aid?
1. Check for Danger
2. Check for Response
3. Call 911
4. Provide Care
Laceration
A cut in the skin that is usually deep enough to
require stitches
Abrasion
A scrape or brush burn
Puncture
A hole in the skin caused by a sharp object
WARNING!
The following slides are extremely graphic!
A large piece of glass is sticking
out of your wrist
You sliced your finger open on a
knife.
Your little brother slid down the
stairs and has carpet burn on
the back of his legs.
You have a long cut on your
arm from the corner of a
cabinet.
You fell off your bike and your
elbow is bleeding from scraping
the road.
Treatment
Laceration
Abrasion
Puncture
1.
2.
3.
4.
Clean the
wound with soap and water, or peroxide.
Laceration
Use a clean cloth to apply pressure.
Use an antibiotic cream to prevent infection
Apply a sterile bandage Tightly.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Abrasion
Clean the
wound with soap and water or Peroxide
Use a clean cloth to apply Pressure
Use an Antibiotic cream to prevent infection
Apply a sterile bandage Loosely
Puncture
**If the wound is Deep or in a critical area, leave the foreign object
in! Call 911 and Immobilize the object.**
1. For minor punctures, completely remove foreign objects
2. Use a clean cloth to apply pressure
3. Use an antibiotic cream to prevent Infection
4. Apply a sterile bandage
Nosebleeds
Treatment
1. Sit down
2. Tilt your head slightly Forward. (Leaning Back may cause blood to flow
down the back of the throat, which tastes bad and may cause gagging,
coughing or vomiting.
3. Gently Pinch your nose. Use your thumb and Index finger and breathe
through your Mouth. Continue for about 5-10 minutes.
To Prevent Rebleeding: Do not Bend Over or Blow Your Nose for
several hours after bleeding stops.
Sprain
A stretch or tear of a ligament
(connects bone to bone)
Strain
A stretch or tear of a tendon
(connects bone to muscle)
Simple Fracture
A broken bone that does not break through the skin
Compound Fracture
A broken bone that breaks through the tissue and skin
WARNING!
The following slides are extremely graphic!
The RICE Method
R:Rest
I: Ice
C: Compression
E: Elevation
Sprains and Strains
1. Stop activity right away
2. Use the RICE method for the
first 48 hours after the injury
3. Use supportive devices when
returning to activity such as:
 Tape
 Braces
 Ankle Savers
*Monitor the injury for problems in
the future
Treatment for Fractures
1. Call 911
2. Stabilize the victim until
emergency care arrives
3. If you must move the victim
because the situation Becomes
Unsafe, immobilize the injury.
***Fractures Require Immediate
Care
Burns
Burns: Defined
Type of Burn
1st Degree:
2nd Degree:
3rd Degree:
Definition
Only the Epidermis, or outer layer of skin, is burned.
The skin usually Red and swells with pain.
The Outer layer of skin is burned through and the
2nd layer (called the Dermis) becomes red and
blotchy. If the burn is less than 2-3 inches in
diameter, treat it as a Minor burn. If it is larger or
on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, treat as a
Major burn.
A major burn that involves all layers of the Skin,
Tissue, Muscle or even Bone. Areas may be charred
black or appear dry and white.
Burns: Treatment
Treatment for Minor Burns
1. Cool the burn. Immediately hold the burn under Cool Water until
the pain subsides. Do not put Ice directly on the burn.
2. Cover the burn by wrapping it Loosely with Sterile Bandages.
3. Take OTC (Over The Counter) pain reliever.
Treatment for Major Burns
1. Call 911 immediately!
2. Provide care by removing any smoldering or hot materials from the
victim.
3. Do not immerse Major burns in Water.
4. Check for response and Begin CPR if necessary.
5. Wrap the burn with cool, moist, sterile bandages or moist towels.
Remember…
The sun causes burns to skin
and eyes too. Wear sunglasses,
protective clothing and
sunscreen to help prevent
burns. Use Aloe to calm skin if
you are burned. Overexposure
to the sun can also cause Skin
Cancer so protect yourself.
Warm temperatures can also
lead to heat illness.
Dehydration
Heat Exhaustion
Heat Stroke
•Thirst
•Dizziness
•Weight loss
•Feeling faint
•Nausea
•Heavy sweating
•Cool, moist skin
•Rapid heart beat
•Rapid, shallow
breathing
•No sweating
•Confusion
•Unconsciousness
•Fainting
Treatment for Heat Exhaustion
1.Call 911 if fainting, confusion, seizures, or a fever above 102˚F.
2.Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning.
3.Lay the victim down and Elevate legs and feet slightly after Loosening or
removing their clothing if able.
4.Have the victim drink Cool Water, not a sports drink. Never give food or
water to an unconscious victim!
5.Monitor the person carefully.
Treatment for Heat Stroke
1.Call 911 immediately!
2.Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning.
3.Cool the person by covering them with damp Towels or spraying them with
Cool Water. Use a fan or newspaper to Give them air.
Animals can suffer from heat illness too! Give
them plenty of water, a shady area to lay in and
never leave them in a parked car.
Choking:
When a foreign object becomes lodged in
the throat or windpipe, stopping the flow
of air.
Heimlich Maneuver:
An emergency technique used to
dislodge an object, such as food, from the
trachea (windpipe) of a choking person.
What are some things that would be easy for a
young child to choke on? How can we prevent
this type of emergency from happening?
First Aid for Choking
First Aid for Choking
1.Assess the Situation
• Is the victim able to speak?
• Is the victim able to breathe?
2.Heimlich Maneuver
3. Stand Behind the victim, wrap arms around
victim’s waist, and clasp your hands above
victim’s navel but below ribcage.
4. Thrust Inward and Upward with enough force
to pop loose the obstruction.
5. Repeat until obstruction is Removed or victim
becomes Unconscious.
Stroke:
When blood flow to
the brain is
interrupted
because a blood
vessel is blocked
or breaks open.
Strokes can cause irreversible damage if not treated right away. You
cannot provide this treatment, so it is critical that you recognize the
symptoms and call 911 immediately. Label the following pictures with the
acronym we use to remember the signs of a stroke.
Slurring
You will watch two short Youtube movies that explain
how to respond to two different critical care emergencies.
Use the blank space on the back of your first aid manual
to take notes on how to care for a victim in these
situations. Notes can be taken in bulleted form and do
not have to be in complete sentences.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aroShSnkKUc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgvnt8YA7r8
Pop Quiz
What are the 4 C’s of First Aid?
1. Check for Danger
2. Check for Response
3. Call 911
4. Provide Care