Providing First Aid
Health Chapter 28
Responding to an Emergency
Check, Call and Care
 Check: Check the scene for danger. Be
alert of spilled chemicals, traffic, fire,
smoke, downed electrical lines ect.
 Call: Call 911. Answer all questions, and if
possible have someone else call if you’re
providing emergency assistance. Make
sure you point to someone specifically to
call.

Responding to an Emergency (2)
Care:
 1. If possible ask the person for
permission to help.
 2. Take care of unconscious people first.
 3. Ask if they are okay.
 Check for breathing.

First Aid
1. Put gloves on.
 2. Wash mild wounds with soap and
water.
 To control Bleeding:
 1. cover wound with clean cloth and press
firmly with pressure.
 2. elevate above heart if possible.
 Call for help.

Treating Burns
Turn to page 741.
 First Degree Burn: Outer layer burnt.
 1. Pour cool water on it for ten minutes,
and then dry with towel, and put a sterile
bandage on it.
 Second Degree: Skin will blister.
 1. Cool with cold water. Elevate the
burned area, Wrap loosely with a sterile
bandage, do not pop or peel skin, go to
the hospital.

Treating Burns (2)
Third Degree Burn: Deeper layer of skin,
possibly fat, muscle, nerves or bone are
burnt.
 1. Call 911 immediately.
 2. cool down with cold water.
 3. Cover the area with dressing or clean
cloth.

Life Threatening Emergencies
First you begin the chain of survival:
 For an Adult:
 1. call 911
 Check for Breathing
 2. Begin CPR (if no breathing)
 3. Early Defibrillation (AED)
 4. Transfer to advanced care. (keep heart
beating until EMS arrives.

ABC’s of Adult CPR
CPR: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
 A= Open Airway
 1. Remove any foreign objects, put hand
on forehead, lift chin.

CPR Adult (2)
B= Breathing
 1. Look, Listen and feel for breathing.
 2. Pinch nose, put mouth over victims
mouth, give two slow breaths, each about
2 seconds.Victims chest should rise.

CPR Adult (3)
C= Circulation
 1. if still not breathing place hands
between nipples. Put heal of hand on the
breast bone, and interlock fingers.
 2. Position body above arms, arms straight,
elbows locked.
 3. Give 15 compressions to every 2
rescue breaths, continue for 4 cycles (1
minute) and check for breathing.

CPR Adult (4)
4. If the victim responds stop
compressions.
 5. If the victim moves or coughs but still is
not breathing continue with a 1 to 5 ratio.
 6. If the victim starts to breath turn them
on their side and wait for EMS.

ABC’s for Child
A= Open Airway
 1. Remove any foreign objects, put hand
on forehead, lift chin.

ABC’s for Child/Infant (2)
B= Breathing
 1. Look, Listen and feel for breathing.
 2. Pinch nose put mouth over victims
mouth, give two slow breaths, each breath
about 1 to 1 and a half seconds.Victims
chest should rise.

ABC’s for Child (3)
C= Circulation
 1. if still not breathing place 1 hand on
forehead and the heal of the other hand
on breast bone.
 2. Position body above arm, arm straight,
elbow locked. Tilt forehead and plug nose
with same hand.
 3. Give 5 compressions to every 1 rescue
breaths, continue for 20 cycles (1 minute)
and check for breathing.

ABC’s for Child (4)
4. If the victim responds stop
compressions.
 5. If the victim moves or coughs but still is
not breathing continue with a 1 to 3 ratio.

ABC’s for Infant
A= Open Airway
 1. Remove any foreign objects, put hand
on forehead, lift chin.

ABC’s for Infant (2)
B= Breathing
 1. Look, Listen and feel for breathing.
 2.Put mouth over both the mouth and
nose, give two slow breaths, each breath
about 1 to 1 and a half seconds.Victims
chest should rise.

ABC’s for Infant (3)
C= Circulation
 1. if still not breathing place 1 hand on
forehead and 2 to 3 fingers of the other
hand on breast bone.
 2. Position body above arm, arm straight,
elbow locked. Tilt forehead and plug nose
with same hand.
 3. Give 5 compressions to every 1 rescue
breaths, continue for 20 cycles (1 minute)
and check for breathing.

ABC’s for Infant (4)
4. If the victim responds stop
compressions.
 5. If the victim moves or coughs but still is
not breathing continue with a 1 to 3 ratio.

First Aid Choking

If they are coughing encourage them to
keep coughing.

If they cannot talk and are turning blue,
place fist between bellybutton and breast
bone. Reach around victim and place
other hand over fist. Pull hand inward and
upward until obstruction is gone.
First Aid Choking for infant.

If the Baby is not breathing turn the baby
over (downward) supporting head and
neck with hand, and give the baby five
blows with the heal of your hand between
the should blades. If not dislodged give 5
chest thrusts. Now alternate for one
minute. If still is not out, then perform
CPR phone 911.
Sprains and Strains
RICE
 R= Rest
 Avoid movements that use the injured
muscle or joint.
 I= Ice
 Put ice cubes in ziplock, wrap towel
around it, ice 20 min on 20 min off for 72
hours.

RICE
C= Compression
 Light pressure from wrap may reduce
swelling.
 E= Elevate
 Rise affected limb over heart to help pain
and swelling.

Other Treatments
Nose Bleed: apply pressure lean forward
not backward. Breath through mouth.
 Object in eye: Do not rub eye, try to
blink, if this doesn’t work, have a friend
look to see if they see it. Take a moist
cotton swab to get it out. If you cannot
see it, then flush it out with cool water.
