Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Altai Super WiFi
Network Solution Proposal
For
[Project’s Name]
Prepared for:
[Partner’s Company Name]
Prepared by:
[Altai Person’s Name]
[Altai Person’s Title]
Altai Technologies Limited
2/F., East Wing, Lakeside 2,
Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 3758 6000
Fax: (852) 2607 4021
Date:
May 9, 2012
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Confidentiality Statement
All information contained in this document is provided in confidence for the sole purpose of
early stage network planning and shall not be used for other purpose. This document must
not be disclosed either wholly or in part to any other party, other than the addressee on the
cover of this document, without prior permission in writing by Altai Technologies Ltd.
The content of this document represents a definition of the type of products that Altai can
provide. This document, however, does not constitute Altai’s conditions of contract, nor does
it represent an offer. Provision of services consequent to any proposal by Altai will be subject
to written agreements between the parties for the purpose.
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Table of Content
1.
2.
3.
Executive Summary......................................................................... 4
Company Overview ......................................................................... 4
System Overview ............................................................................. 5
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
4.
Network Component .............................................................................................5
Altai A8n Super WiFi Base Station .......................................................................6
Altai A8-Ein Super WiFi Base Station ...................................................................7
Altai A8in Super WiFi Base Station ......................................................................8
Altai A2 WiFi Access Point/ Bridge .......................................................................9
Altai A2e WiFi Access Point / Bridge ................................................................. 10
Altai B5 Wireless Bridge .................................................................................... 11
Altai C1n Super WiFi CPE ................................................................................. 12
Altai U1 Super WiFi USB Client ......................................................................... 13
Altai Wireless Management System (AWMS) ................................................... 14
Altai Service Controller 200 ............................................................................... 16
Altai Service Controller 7000 ............................................................................. 17
Network Design ............................................................................. 18
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
5.
Access Coverage Architecture........................................................................... 18
Backhaul Architecture ........................................................................................ 21
Coverage, Throughput and Capacity Enhancement ......................................... 25
Indoor Coverage ................................................................................................ 26
Service Controller .............................................................................................. 28
Proposed Solution ......................................................................... 30
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
6.
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 30
Coverage Environment ...................................................................................... 30
Coverage Area and Quantity Required .............................................................. 32
Backhaul Throughput ......................................................................................... 33
Internet Outlet .................................................................................................... 34
Backhaul Equipment .......................................................................................... 35
Concurrent User Capacity.................................................................................. 36
CPE Equipment ................................................................................................. 36
Subscriber Capacity ........................................................................................... 37
Service Controller .............................................................................................. 37
Summary of Equipment Required ...................................................................... 38
Summary of Project Requirement ...................................................................... 40
Feature Description and User Benefit.......................................... 42
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
7.
Super Long Range and Large Coverage ........................................................... 42
High Throughput at Range................................................................................. 42
High User Capacity ............................................................................................ 43
Superior Interference Mitigation ......................................................................... 43
Better Network Throughput Optimization ........................................................... 44
Better Near-to-Far End Coverage ...................................................................... 44
Flexible Deployment .......................................................................................... 45
Highly Cost Effective .......................................................................................... 45
Better Link Performance .................................................................................... 46
Highly Resilient .................................................................................................. 46
Product Specifications .................................................................. 47
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
Altai A8n Super WiFi Base Station .................................................................... 47
Altai A8-Ein Super WiFi Base Station ................................................................ 48
Altai A8in Super WiFi Base Station ................................................................... 49
Altai A2 WiFi Access Point/Bridge ..................................................................... 50
Altai A2e WiFi Access Point/Bridge ................................................................... 51
Altai B5 Wireless Bridge .................................................................................... 52
Altai C1n Super WiFi CPE/AP ........................................................................... 53
Altai U1 Super WiFi USB Client ......................................................................... 54
Altai Wireless Management System .................................................................. 55
Service Controller 200 ....................................................................................... 56
Service Controller 7000 ..................................................................................... 57
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
1. Executive Summary
Altai is pleased to present the Altai Outdoor Super WiFi solution proposal to you. This
proposal outlines how Altai provides a reliable and flexible WiFi solution with large coverage,
high throughput and large saving in cost of deployment.
Altai Super WiFi solution provide both 802.11b/g/n access and 802.11a/n backhaul sides,
using ‘state-of-the-art’ super WiFi base station and award winning Smart Antenna
technologies. The system consists of Altai A8n*/A8-Ein*/A8in* Super WiFi Base Station, Altai
A2/A2e WiFi Access Point/ Bridge, Altai B5 Wireless Bridge, Altai C1n*/C1an# Super WiFi
CPE, Altai U1 Super WiFi USB Client, Altai Wireless Management System (AWMS) and other
third party backend equipment as required.
Altai, as a product designer and manufacturer, will concentrate on the product technology and
the supply and warranty of the products, while our partner will provide engineering support
services including network design, site survey, field test, equipment installation and
deployment, on-site maintenance as well as future upgrade planning. Altai is eager to provide
a professional training on the engineering support services including those services
mentioned above.
* Available from Q3 2012 onwards, the 802.11b/g equivalent models A8/A8-Ei/A8i/C1 are available now
#
Available from Q3 2012 onwards
2. Company Overview
Altai Technologies is a privately held high technology company focused in design,
development, and marketing of innovative outdoor wireless broadband solution. The flagship
product, the A8n Super WiFi base station, is mainly deployed in outdoor environments to
provide city-wide or large area WiFi coverage for users to enjoy ubiquitous broadband
access. This award-winning base station effectively improves the non-line-of-sight WiFi signal
coverage to an extended area of 500 meters in radius, by minimizing the interference effect of
other signals in the unlicensed frequency spectrum.
Altai’s ground-breaking long range WiFi technology has set a new standard in the industry.
The coverage area is 10 times larger than our competitors and thus requires less capital
investment and operating resources in the wireless network infrastructure (lower CAPEX and
OPEX). Altai provides a cost-effective, scalable, reliable, and quick deployment wireless
solution to service providers.
As part of the industry’s continued recognition of Altai’s innovative wireless technology, Altai
has been awarded the 2011 Hong Kong ICT Awards, 2009 Hong Kong ICT Awards and the
2007 Hong Kong Awards for Industries: Technological Achievement Grand Award by the Hong
Kong Trade and Industry Department. In 2006, Altai also won the Asia Pacific ICT Awards Gold Award, and Hong Kong ICT Awards, which included Award of the Year, Grand Award,
and Gold Award in Wireless Technology category.
Altai’s A8 Super WiFi base station product has been deployed globally, including cities in the
U.S. (Silicon Valley, New York City), China (Beijing, Hangzhou, Jiangxi, Shandong and
Shenzhen), Malaysia (Sarawak, Ipoh), Vietnam, Cambodia, Nepal, Mexico, Panama,
Jamaica, Brazil, Middle East, Europe and other Asian-Pacific countries.
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3. System Overview
3.1 Network Component
The core components which build up a city WiFi network consist of:
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Altai A8n Super WiFi Base Station
Altai A8-Ein/A8in Super WiFi Base Station
Altai A2/A2e WiFi Access Point/Bridge
Altai B5 Wireless Bridge
Altai C1n/C1an Super WiFi CPE
Altai U1 Super WiFi USB Client
Altai Wireless Management System (AWMS)
Optional items that can be purchased from Altai include:


Service Controller 200 or 7000
ESS 5.x Site Survey Professional Program
Other hardware will be provided by customer including application servers such as VLAN
switch, RADIUS/billing and database servers for authentication and accounting purposes and
the firewall etc.
A typical city WiFi network can be divided into three parts, namely the core network, the
backhaul and the access. The corresponding Altai components are shown in Figure 1 below
and overviews on each component are to be followed. The specifications of the components
are shown at the end of this proposal.
Figure 1: Altai Super WiFi Network Components
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.2 Altai A8n Super WiFi Base Station
The Altai A8n Super WiFi Base Station is the world’s leading 802.11n WiFi outdoor access
point optimized for maximum coverage and highest throughput
from a minimum number of installation sites. The Altai A8n has
been designed to provide industry best coverage and capacity
without complicated networking protocols or the need for a high
density of transmitters.
The A8n is a multi-radio base station utilizing 8x8 MIMO smart
antenna technologies and a patented signal processing
algorithm to provide the industry’s best coverage per base
station, especially in non-line-of sight (NLOS) environments.
The multiple antennas of the A8n can be configured to provide
coverage that is optimized for area, pattern and elevation.
Using up to 80% fewer access points than other WiFi systems
to cover the same area enables less complex network design
and provides lower latency for improvement in handling realtime applications such as VoIP and video streaming.
Whether deployed for a single location, a campus area or citywide network coverage, the Altai A8n is designed to minimize the total cost of ownership with
significant savings in network equipment, broadband access, planning, site acquisition and
installation.
The Altai A8n can serve as last mile infrastructure for a wide range of wireless broadband
access applications. It provides low deployment cost and fast provisioning of WiFi systems
with the greatest coverage and bandwidth per installed base station.
The A8n Super WiFi Base Station can be deployed in conjunction with existing 3G networks
to provide low cost high bandwidth mobile data offloading solution. The A8n can be co-located
with existing 3G cell sites allowing immediate WiFi provisioning at much lower acquisition and
operating costs.
Feature Highlight
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Extended coverage in a Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) environment which matches the foot
print of most 3G deployments in dense urban
environments
High 11n throughput capacity up to 300 Mbps
4 –sector x dual-diversity advanced Smart
Antenna Technology to provide flexible 90 to
360-degree and large vertical beamwidth
coverage with minimal holes in dense urban
environments
Multi-radio 8x8:2 MIMO platform maximizing
both uplink/downlink performance and access redundancy
Link integrity, backhaul link self-healing and access link safe mode
Adaptive interference control to mitigate the influence from the surrounding interfering
sources
Standard 802.11b/g/n access and 802.11a/n backhaul
Giga Ethernet or integrated 802.11a/n wireless backhaul
Flexible antenna deployment for various site conditions
Remote configuration through the Altai Wireless Management System (AWMS)
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.3 Altai A8-Ein Super WiFi Base Station
The Altai A8-Ein Super WiFi Base Station is the world’s leading
802.11n WiFi outdoor access point with integrated multi-beam
antenna array optimized for maximum coverage and highest
throughput from a minimum number of installation sites. This
eliminates external RF cabling between base station and antennas
and makes installation simple.
The A8-Ein is a multi-radio base station utilizing 8x8 MIMO smart
antenna technologies and a patented signal processing algorithm
to provide the industry’s best coverage per base station, especially
in non-line-of sight (NLOS) environments. The multi-beam
antenna array of the A8-Ein is designed to provide up to 5 times
the range and 20 times the per site coverage as traditional access
point. Accordingly, up to 95% fewer installation sites for the same
coverage area.
Whether deployed for a single location, a campus area or city-wide network coverage, the
Altai A8-Ein is designed to minimize the total cost of ownership with significant savings in
network equipment, broadband access, planning, site acquisition and installation.
The Altai A8-Ein serves as last mile infrastructure for a wide range of wireless broadband
access applications. It provides low deployment cost and fast provisioning of WiFi systems
with the greatest coverage and bandwidth per installed base station.
The A8-Ein Super WiFi Base Station can also be deployed in conjunction with existing 3G
mobile networks to provide low cost high bandwidth mobile data offloading solution. The A8Ein can be co-located with existing 3G cell sites allowing immediate WiFi provisioning at
much lower acquisition and operating costs.
Feature Highlight
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Base station and antenna array in one integrated unit,
eliminating RF cabling work. Simple installation at rooftop,
wall, tower and lamppost
High 11n throughput capacity up to 300 Mbps
Extended coverage in a Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS)
environment which matches the foot print of most 3G
deployments in dense urban environments
Multiple 8x8:2 MIMO Smart Antenna Technology to provide
superior signal strength and link budget in dense urban
environments
Link integrity, backhaul link self-healing and access link safe
mode
Adaptive interference control to mitigate the influence from
surrounding interfering sources
Standard 802.11b/g/n access and 802.11a/n backhaul
Giga Ethernet or integrated 802.11a/n wireless backhaul
Remote configuration through the Altai Wireless
Management System (AWMS)
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.4 Altai A8in Super WiFi Base Station
The Altai A8in Super WiFi Base Station is the world’s leading
802.11n WiFi outdoor access point with integrated base
station, antennas and RF cabling optimized for long range
360-degree access coverage and with the highest possible
throughput using a minimum number of installation sites.
One of the benefits of A8in is its simple installation design –
the RF cabling work is no longer necessary, no extra
installation is required.
The A8in is a multi-radio base station utilizing 8x8 MIMO
smart antenna technologies and a patented signal processing
algorithm to provide the industry’s best coverage per base
station, especially in non-line-of sight (NLOS) environments.
Using up to 80% fewer access points than other WiFi
systems to cover the same area enables less complex network design.
Whether deployed for a single location, a campus area or city-wide network coverage, the
aesthetic outlook of Altai A8in can be accommodated to various site conditions, especially
suitable for street level lampposts and rooftops installation in urban area. The A8in is
designed to minimize the total cost of ownership with significant savings in network
equipment, broadband access, planning, site acquisition and installation.
The Altai A8in serves as last mile infrastructure for a wide range of wireless broadband
access applications. It provides low deployment cost and fast provisioning of WiFi systems
with the greatest coverage and bandwidth per installed base station.
The A8in Super WiFi Base Station can be deployed in conjunction with existing 3G mobile
networks to provide low cost high bandwidth mobile data offloading solution. The A8in can be
co-located with existing 3G cell sites allowing immediate WiFi provisioning.
Feature Highlight
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Base station and antenna in one integrated unit, eliminating RF
cabling work. Simple installation at rooftop, lamppost, tower, wall
and indoor environments
High 11n throughput capacity up to 300 Mbps data rate
Extended coverage in a Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) environment
Dual-diversity advanced Smart Antenna Technology to provide
360-degree coverage with minimal holes in dense urban
environments
Built-in 5 GHz radio with external 5 GHz antenna port for simple
and flexible backhauling
Multiple 8x8:2 MIMO platform maximizing both uplink/downlink
performance and access redundancy
Adaptive interference control to mitigate the influence from
surrounding interfering sources
Standard 802.11b/g/n access and 802.11a/n backhaul
Giga Ethernet or integrated 802.11a/n wireless backhaul
Link integrity, backhaul link self-healing and access link
safe mode
Remote configuration through the Altai Wireless
Management System (AWMS)
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.5 Altai A2 WiFi Access Point/ Bridge
The Altai A2 WiFi Access Point/Bridge is designed to be used in Altai
Super WiFi systems to increase system capacity, extend coverage, fill-in
areas of low or blocked signals caused by obstructions and bridge
wirelessly to remote site. It is capable of providing the highest possible
data throughput and capacity that the 802.11n standards can offer, and
at the same time is backward compatible to standard 802.11a/b/g.
The A2 employs the cellular concept of expanding system capacity by
dividing the coverage area of an A8 Super WiFi Base Station. It enables
network operators to take advantage of the cost savings provided by the
A8 Super WiFi Base Station’s 10X greater coverage area when a WiFi
system is initially installed.
As system capacity needs to increase, the A2 Access Point/ Bridge can
be used to double the user capacity. The A2 can be installed exactly
where the capacity requirement is the greatest. This will create even
greater savings compared to other competitive systems.
The A2 Access Point/Bridge has both a high capacity 2.4 GHz (2x2 802.11b/g/n) broadcast
radio and a 5 GHz (2x2 802.11a/n) backhaul radio to enable it to function not only to expand
in-system capacity but also to extend the range of a WiFi system. Being equipped with a builtin 5 GHz backhaul radio, the A2 can be connected directly to an A8 5 GHz bridge radio to
create a high capacity WiFi system.
The A2 Access Point/Bridge can be used as a repeater to overcome low signal areas that are
found in every system. It can be used to reach areas that are blocked by terrain or buildings,
or be used to strengthen signals into areas of heavy foliage.
The A2 can be used as a standalone Access Point for smaller systems. With built-in backhaul
capability, it can be used to create simple and efficient 1 to 3 cell systems that can be a cost
effective alternative for smaller coverage areas and systems where the coverage of an A8
Super WiFi Base Station is not required.
A2 Access Point/Bridge provides the most cost effective and versatile way to enhance a WiFi
in terms of its capacity, coverage or range. When combined with the A8 Super WiFi Base
Station, it can create possibly the most cost-effective high capacity WiFi network system.
Feature Highlight
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Multi-operating modes allowed: AP, bridge, repeater or CPE
2 x 2 MIMO for both 2.4GHz (802.11b/g/n) and 5 GHz (802.11a/n) radios
IP-67 rated carrier grade 802.11b/g/n AP for both outdoor and indoor applications
Increase system capacity under the coverage area of A8 Super WiFi Base Station
Fill-in coverage area in challenging RF environment
Fast Ethernet or 2 x 2 802.11a/n wireless backhaul
PTP and PTMP bridging with built-in dual polarized panel antenna
Light weight with built-in lightning protection
Easy installation & web-based management
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.6 Altai A2e WiFi Access Point / Bridge
The Altai A2e WiFi Access Point/Bridge is designed to be used
in Altai Super WiFi systems as high capacity directional access
point and long range-bridge with flexible external high gain
antennas. It is capable of providing the highest possible data
throughput and capacity that the 802.11n standards can offer,
and at the same time is backward compatible to standard
802.11a/b/g.
The A2e can be used as a standalone access point for
directional coverage. With built-in 2.4 GHz high gain panel
antenna, it can be used to provide simple and cost effective
long range sector coverage. The single-sided coverage makes
installation simple by just mounting at building wall side.
As the system capacity of a network covered by the A8 Super WiFi Base Station needs to
increase, the A2e Access Point/Bridge can be used to double the user capacity, or to increase
the network throughput by 6 times supported by the 11n. The A2e can be installed exactly
where the capacity requirement is the greatest, with appropriate fast Ethernet or 5 GHz
wireless backhaul. As a whole, it enables network operators to take advantage of the cost
savings provided by the A8 Super WiFi Base Station’s 10X greater coverage area when a
WiFi system is initially installed, and to subsequently enhance the coverage and capacity
where and when it is needed.
The A2e Access Point/Bridge has both a high capacity 2.4 GHz (2x2 802.11b/g/n) broadcast
radio and a 5 GHz (2x2 802.11a/n) backhaul radio. The 5 GHz radio provides 2 external
antenna ports connection which allows user to choose exactly the type of high gain panel
antennas they wanted for distance and throughput exceeding what A2’s built-in antenna
allows.
Besides the point-to-point long range bridging uses, the A2e also supports point-to-multi-point
high throughput bridging. This is a cost effective method in building high definition video
surveillance network within building complex, without the costly cabling.
A2e Access Point/Bridge provides the most cost effective and versatile way to build the
backhaul network and to enhance a WiFi system capacity. When combined with the A8 Super
WiFi Base Station, it can create possibly the most cost-effective high capacity WiFi network
system.
Feature Highlight
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Built-in 2.4 GHz high gain panel antenna for high capacity directional AP applications
External 5 GHz high gain panel antenna for long range high throughput PTP/PTMP
bridging
2 x 2 MIMO for both 2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n) and 5 GHz (802.11a/n) radios
IP-67 rated carrier grade product for both outdoor and indoor applications
Multi-operating modes allowed: AP, bridge, repeater or CPE
Increase system capacity under the coverage area of A8 Super WiFi Base Station
Fast Ethernet or 2 x 2 802.11a/n wireless backhaul
PTP and PTMP bridging with optional external dual polarized panel or omni antennas
Light weight with built-in lightning protection
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.7 Altai B5 Wireless Bridge
The Altai B5 Wireless Bridge is designed to be used in Altai
Super WiFi systems to provide carrier-grade ultra long
range and high throughput backhaul bridging.
The Altai B5 comprises of a number of high-performance
antenna options which operate in both LOS and NLOS
environments, in both licensed and unlicensed frequency
bands.
Featuring highest performing hardware and operating
system coupled with most innovative radio technology
providing with best sensitivity, increased output power across
all modulations and wide dynamic range, Altai B5 represents a perfectly balanced
solution for any type of Point-to-Point connectivity.
The Altai B5 is a wireless Point-to-Point solution which combines high-speed capability, up to
240 Mbps throughput, with a rich set of best-in-class features and benefits such as leadingedge radio protocols providing unrivalled spectral efficiency and wireless transmissions over
distances in excess of 80 km.
Altai's diverse range of solutions enables Service Providers of all types to build higher
capacity networks with even fewer network elements, thereby significantly reducing their
overall CAPEX and subsequent OPEX throughout the life of their network.
The Altai B5 product family is an optimal solution for mobile operators and all other service
operators requiring multi-megabit capacity for their backhaul links. In all these applications,
our solutions offer operational cost saving benefits such as quick deployment, ease of
configuration and the ability to upgrade existing infrastructures via software download to cater
for new requirements (i.e. “pay as you grow”).
Altai B5 Wireless Bridge provides the most cost effective and versatile way for backhaul
provisioning in terms of its throughput capacity or range. When combined with the A8 Super
WiFi Base Station, it can create possibly the most cost-effective high capacity wireless
broadband network system.
Feature Highlight
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Configurable 4.9 to 5.8 GHz frequency band
Possible operational distances in excess of 80 km
High capacity – up to 240 Mbps throughput
2 x 2 MIMO innovative technology
“Pay as you grow” software upgradeable capacity feature
5/10/20/40 MHz channel widths
Unique plug & play out-of-box ultra-long LOS and NLOS backhaul solution
Gigabit Ethernet port and flexible uplink/downlink reallocation
Advanced Quality-of-Service support, reliable and robust design
Other B5 3.5 GHz series and B5 PTMP series are available
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.8 Altai C1n Super WiFi CPE
The Altai C1n WiFi CPE is designed as an essential component in the
Altai Super WiFi system to extend outdoor WiFi coverage into indoor
areas for broadband connectivity.
The Altai C1n employs patented smart signal processing algorithms and
antenna design to increase WiFi signal strength (transmit and receive) as
well as the client’s throughput in areas covered by an 11b/g A8/A8-Ei/A8i
Super WiFi Base Station or 11b/g/n A2 Smart WiFi Access Point. It
enables network operators to take advantage of the cost savings provided
by the A8 series’ 10X greater coverage area, or the A2’s cost effective
high capacity when initially installing the WiFi system.
With powerful built-in antennas, the C1n WiFi CPE can be used to
improve the link budget by as much as 16 dB. The C1n can be installed
exactly where the signal strength requirement is the greatest. This allows an increase in the
coverage distance from the A8 series base station substantially and provides greater flexibility
and savings compared to the initial WiFi coverage provided by the A8 alone.
From day one, the C1n is designed and purpose-built for service operators. Its built-in traffic
shaping based bandwidth control mechanism allows the control of uplink and downlink traffic
throughput on a per-client or per-VAP basis. WDS, VPN pass-through and a full set of
networking and management features are available to meet carriers’ requirements.
The C1n is a key component in wireless broadband access provisioning. It can be installed
outdoors by the side of a window, mounted to a wall, at the rooftop of a building or placed at
the desktop inside for fixed broadband access provisioning.
The C1n can also be used as a standalone WiFi Access Point for smaller networks supporting
802.11b/g/n clients. With its high gain built-in smart antenna, it is an important solution to
complement the large coverage of an A8 series Super WiFi Base Station and the high
throughput of the A2 Access Point to improve WiFi performance.
The Altai C1n WiFi CPE is the most cost effective and versatile way to replace traditional last
mile access. When combined with the A8 series Super WiFi Base Station and A2 WiFi
AP/Bridge, it can be used to build a high capacity WiFi system that achieves the fastest ROI
for both telecom operators and enterprises.
Feature Highlight
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Features built-in for carriers including per
client/VAP bandwidth control, remote web-based
management and client performance statistics

±45° cross-polarized patch antennas are
optimized to match with the Altai A8n series
antennas. It provides 3 dB more gain as compared
to other V-H polarized CPEs
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High performance antenna with 20 dB front-toback ratio, which is on average 5 dB better than
others in directional transmission without picking up unwanted signal
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One-piece weatherproof chassis compliant to IP55 standard for direct outdoor
installation
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8-level LED for easy alignment in the strongest signal direction
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Increase signal strength for both NLOS and LOS coverage areas
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Improve data transmission rate and throughput utilization of base station
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.9 Altai U1 Super WiFi USB Client
The Altai U1 Super WiFi USB client is designed as an
essential component in the Altai Super WiFi system
to extend outdoor WiFi coverage into indoor areas for
broadband connectivity.
The Altai U1 employs patented smart signal
processing algorithms and antenna design to
increase WiFi signal strength (transmit and receive)
as well as the client’s throughput in areas covered by
the A8/A8-Ei/A8i Super WiFi Base Stations or A2/A2e
Super WiFi Access Point. It enables network
operators to take advantage of the cost savings provided by the A8 series 10X greater
coverage area, or the A2 series cost effective high capacity when initially installing the WiFi
system.
With powerful built-in antennas, the U1 WiFi client can be used to improve the link budget by
as much as 15 dB. The U1 WiFi client is designed to get power from a laptop through an
external USB cable. It can be equipped whenever the greatest signal strength and throughput
are required. The use of U1 client allows an increase in the coverage distance from the
A8/A8-Ei/A8i base station substantially and provides greater flexibility and savings compared
to the initial WiFi coverage provided by A8 alone.
From day one, the U1 is designed and purpose-built for service operators. The U1 is a key
component in wireless broadband access provisioning. It can be placed by the window side of
a household for wireless DSL provisioning. It can also be placed just next to a laptop for
mobile Internet application. No matter what application it is used for, the built-in 802.11b/g/n
radio ensures the highest possible throughput supported by the WiFi base station.
The Altai U1 WiFi client is the most cost effective and versatile way to replace traditional last
mile access. When combined with the A8/A8-Ei/A8i Super WiFi Base Station and A2/A2e WiFi
AP/Bridge, it can be used to build a high capacity WiFi system that achieves the fastest ROI
for both service providers and enterprises.
Feature Highlight

Features built-in for carriers including
client performance statistics

±45° cross-polarized patch antennas
are optimized to match with the Altai A8
/A8-Ei/A8i antennas. It provides 3 dB
more gain as compared to other V-H
polarized CPEs

High performance antenna with 20 dB
front-to-back ratio, which is on average
5 dB better than others in directional
transmission without picking up
unwanted signal

The best data transmission rate and
throughput available by using 802.11b/g/n radio

Powered by laptop by using an USB cable

Multi-level LED for easy alignment in the strongest signal direction

Increase signal strength for both NLOS and LOS coverage areas
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3.10 Altai Wireless Management System (AWMS)
The Altai Wireless Management System (AWMS)
provides network operators a full suite of element
and network management functions for WiFi
networks. It facilities operational functions that
include
configuration
management,
fault
management, performance monitoring and security
function. It reduces the complexity of network
provisioning, operations and maintenance through
remote and centralized administration.
The benefits of using AWMS include:

Centralized Management of Network
Equipment
AWMS provides network operators a
centralized way to remotely administer and
control WiFi base stations in the network,
significantly reducing the workload for local
configuration and monitoring. AWMS provides
users a full network view so that the operator
can monitor, at a glance, the whole network
topology and status. This graphical view shows
network layout, including inventory and
configuration of each BTS in the network and all wireless facilities connecting them.

Accelerate Network Deployment
AWMS allows operator’s flexibility in setting up a WiFi network. Once WiFi base stations
are installed on site, auto-discovery and template-based mass provisioning will enable
network operators to configure large numbers of WiFi base stations quickly and enable
the entire network to be operational in a short time.

Improve Network Health and Quality
AWMS collects equipment and wireless facility alarms both automatically and ondemand. It maintains the real-time status of the whole network and displays alarm
information graphically and textually.
The user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) presents and organizes correlated
alarm information clearly. An operator can act quickly to reduce outages. The colourcoded logical network map uses icons to represent each managed Network Element. It
enables fast, effective fault management through its visual alarm notification, alarm
processing and tracking capabilities.

Enhance Network Security
AWMS allows network operators to set and continually enforce multi-layer network
authentication and data encryption configurations, including SSID, ACL, WEP, 802.1x
and WPA.
In addition, AWMS also simplifies and improves system security. It centralizes the
administration of individual user accounts and online sessions, and provides a
permission scheme that assigns users to different network geographic groups and
functional groups.

Reduce Network Operating Cost
AWMS can help network operators to reduce operating costs by simplifying network
administration and control throughout the network life cycle, in provisioning, operation
and maintenance.
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With AWMS, operators can handle today’s WiFi network equipment while leaving room
for growth and incorporating the ability to respond quickly to any emerging technologies
and products, thereby protecting the users’ investment.
The following are key features of this software system:












Visual fault alert via network map
Single/mass NE configuration
Template and group based configuration
Automatic NE detection and provisioning
On-demand/schedule based firmware upgrade
WiFi client registration and searching by user identity
Real time system performance/NE traffic statistics
System/NE/WiFi client performance reporting
Rogue AP detection and channel scan summary
Link connection and status monitoring
CPE management using TR069*
CPE remote diagnosis and service activation*
* will be available in future
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3.11 Altai Service Controller 200
The Altai service controller 200 is designed to
be used in Altai Super WiFi systems as
bandwidth controller, backbone router, firewall
and VPN server.
The Altai service controller 200 can handle 200
Mbps throughput and 100 concurrent user
capacity. For more throughput or users
capacity, the Altai service controller 7000 is
recommended for up to 6,000 Mbps throughput
or 1,000 concurrent users.
With AR7240 CPU and 5 Fast Ethernet ports
on industrial custom designed mother broad
and Linux-based operating system, the Altai service controller 200 provides the best-in-class
bandwidth control performance. It is cost effective for up to 200 tunnels, virtually unlimited
number of policy rules and queues, perfectly suit for small network startup or proof-of-concept
to WISP, mobile operators and various service providers.
The Altai service controller is an essential network element for WISP solution, which includes
applications such as city-wide wireless broadband Internet, hotzone, hotspot, wireless DSL
and 3G data offload. Altai provides complete turnkey WISP solution and supplies other
network components as well. This includes Altai Wireless Management System (AWMS), Altai
Billing and Prepaid Card System, Altai Network Monitoring System and Altai Help Desk
System.
In all these applications, our solutions offer operational cost saving benefits such as quick
deployment, ease of configuration and the ability to upgrade existing capacity to cater for new
requirements (i.e. “pay as you grow”).
Altai service controller provides the most cost effective and versatile way for backend
provisioning in terms of its functionalities and throughput capacity. When combined with the
A8 Super WiFi Base Station, it can create possibly the most cost-effective high capacity
wireless broadband network system.
Feature Highlight




Bandwidth controller – take control of
your network traffic bandwidth, limit data
rates for all traffic passing through
Backhaul router – up to 200 Mbps traffic
throughput , stackable for handling
higher traffic, failover protection or load
sharing
Firewall – filter traffic by IP address,
address range, port, port range, IP
protocol, DSCP and many more
VPN server – connect remote sites and
users together securely using VPN
through Internet with IPSec encryption
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
3.12 Altai Service Controller 7000
The Altai service controller 7000 is
designed to be used in Altai Super WiFi
systems as bandwidth controller,
backbone router, firewall and VPN server.
The Altai service controller 7000 can handle 6,000 Mbps throughput and 1000 concurrent
user capacity. More throughput or users can be supported by cascading a number of systems.
Further, the multiple systems can be arranged in failover backup and load sharing
configuration for redundancy protection.
With Intel Core 2 Duo CPU and 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports on industrial custom designed
mother broad and Linux-based operating system, the Altai service controller 7000 provides
the best-in-class bandwidth control performance. It can be stacked for virtually unlimited
number of tunnels, policy rules and queues, perfectly suit for WISP, mobile operators and
various service providers.
The Altai service controller 7000 is an essential network element for WISP solution, which
includes applications such as city-wide wireless broadband Internet, hotzone, hotspot,
wireless DSL and 3G data offload. Altai provides complete turnkey WISP solution and
supplies other network components as well. This includes Altai Wireless Management System
(AWMS), Altai Billing and Prepaid Card System, Altai Network Monitoring System and Altai
Help Desk System.
In all these applications, our solutions offer operational cost saving benefits such as quick
deployment, ease of configuration and the ability to upgrade existing capacity to cater for new
requirements (i.e. “pay as you grow”).
Altai service controller 7000 provides the most cost effective and versatile way for backend
provisioning in terms of its functionalities and throughput capacity. When combined with the
A8 Super WiFi Base Station, it can create possibly the most cost-effective high capacity
wireless broadband network system.
Feature Highlight




Bandwidth controller – take control of
your network traffic bandwidth, limit data
rates for all traffic passing through
Backhaul router – up to 6 Gbps traffic
throughput , stackable for handling
higher traffic, failover protection or load
sharing
Firewall – filter traffic by IP address,
address range, port, port range, IP
protocol, DSCP and many more
VPN server – connect remote sites and
users together securely using VPN
through Internet with IPSec encryption
17
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
4. Network Design
4.1 Access Coverage Architecture
The A8n will be used for primary outdoor coverage. The horizontal beamwidth of each
A8n sector antenna is 70-degrees and the vertical beamwidth is 12-degrees. The coverage of
an A8n base station looks similar to a square shape (Figure 2), rather than a circular
coverage as given by a standard omni-antenna. However, in general illustration purpose, we
may still use a circular shape if detail calculation is not required. With a coverage radius of
500 m, the corresponding side of the square will be  5002 + 5002 = 700 m and the area of the
square is approximately equal to 0.5 km 2.
Figure 2: A8n Single Base Station Coverage
700 m NLOS
500 m
NLOS
700 m NLOS
A8n can provide a NLOS coverage radius of 350 to 500 m across the sub-urban areas where
the buildings are relatively low-raised. For urban areas with high-raised buildings, the
coverage is highly dependable on the building and street structure, a 250 m NLOS coverage
radius along a street (i.e. 500 m span) can be used as a rule-of-thumb. For outdoor open
areas such as park, A8n can provide a near LOS radius of up to 1 km or more.
The number of A8n per km2 varies with the coverage radius which depends on the
environment. Figure 3 summarized the number of A8n required per km 2 for various coverage
radii.
Figure 3: A8n Coverage Distance and Area
Environment
Coverage Radius (r)
Coverage Area (2r2)
No. of A8n/ km2
Open Area (LOS)
1000 m
2 km2
0.5
Rural (NLOS)
500 m
0.5 km2
2
Sub-urban (NLOS)
350 m
0.25
km2
4
Urban (NLOS)
250 m
0.125 km2
8
In general, for an area of 1 km 2 in sub-urban environment, it would require 2 to 4 A8n base
stations. Proof-of-concept (PoC) field trials at representative environments can be conducted
to verify the actual coverage radius at different scenarios and a budgetary plan mainly based
on number of base stations can be prepared.
The sector antennas of A8n base station operate at 2.4 GHz provide access coverage to the
client terminals, and the A8n base station has both a wired Ethernet port and a 5 GHz
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
wireless backhaul for connection to the backend network. In the case using the physical
backhaul, this requires connection to broadband Ethernet line from Internet Service Provider
(ISP). To save the physical backhaul costs and in some rural area cases where the wired
Internet outlet is not easily available, wireless backhauls will be used to group several A8n
base stations into a cluster for larger coverage area as illustrated in Figure 4.
Figure 4: A8n Cluster Structure
5 GHz backhaul
2.4 GHz access
In order to save up the backhaul and site rental costs, the A8n base stations can be
interconnected via the 5 GHz backhaul, the central A8n acts as a master which can connect
up to 4 A8n base stations, which act as slave. If each A8n provides an average local coverage
area of 0.5 km2, then a cluster can provide a total coverage of 2.5 km 2.
A8-Ein can be used for outdoor coverage instead of A8n in the following
circumstances:





The maximum target coverage radius exceeds that of the A8n or the coverage areas are
in long sector shape, e.g. along a street, airbase coverage, long range wireless DSL.
Refer to Figure 5 and 6 for the maximum distances of A8n and A8-Ein.
Coverage to a remote discrete area separated by highway or sea at distant away
exceed that of A8n, e.g. island, offshore oil refining telemetry, coverage for tourist boats
at middle of a lake
Higher link budget is desired where higher received signal strength is necessary, e.g.
indoor penetration, support VoIP
Building new wired Internet outlet and new site is very expensive, and larger site
coverage area at the same user capacity than that of A8n is desired, e.g. rural
residential area with large footprint and low population density
Existing 3G or other cellular sites can be used for WiFi base station co-location, where
the coverage radius of WiFi base station is large as possible to match with that of 3G
base station coverage
The coverage patterns of A8n versus A8-Ein can be seen below:
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Figure 5: A8n, A8in and A8-Ein Coverage Comparison
A8n/A8in
A8-Ein
14 dBi Max.
19 dBi Max.
4 sector antennas
each 70 for total
360 coverage
1 antenna array for 80
(-3dB) to 100 (-8dB)
coverage
The corresponding coverage capability of A8-Ein is shown in Figure 6 below.
Figure 6: A8-Ein Coverage Distance and Area
Coverage
Radius (r)
1700 m
A8-Ein Coverage
Area (2.6r2/3)
2 km2
Site Coverage
Area (2.6r2/3)
6 km2
No. of A8-Ein/
km2
0.5
Rural (NLOS)
800 m
0.5 km2
1.5 km2
2
Sub-urban (NLOS)
500 m
0.2 km2
0.6 km2
5
350 m
km2
km2
10
Environment
Open Area (LOS)
Urban (NLOS)
0.1
0.3
As a comparison, the cellular architectural patterns for a large area city-wide coverage are
shown in the Figure 7 below. Since one set of A8-Ein has a horizontal beamwidth of 80 (16
dBi) to 100 (11 dBi, same as -3dBi antenna gain of A8n), three sets of A8-Ein are used at
each site for omni coverage. In practice, more A8-Ein can be co-located at one site if higher
throughput or user capacity is desired.
If we compare the coverage area of a site, we can see that the A8-Ein can provide 3 times in
open area to 2.4 times in dense-urban area as compares to A8n.
A8in can be used for outdoor coverage instead of A8n in the following circumstances:






Omni coverage (the integrated antennas of A8in are fixed in orientation for omni
coverage)
Individual antenna down-tilt is not necessary (the integrated antennas have 5.5 fixed
down-tilt)
Installation height is around 5 to 12 m (the higher the installation, the longer the target
range, but the poorer the near end coverage)
Target range is from near end to maximum of 150 to 200 m
Pole or wall-mounting is possible
It is desirable to hide the antennas
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Figure 7: Cellular Architecture Comparisons for Large Area Coverage
A8n/A8in Sites
A8-Ein Sites
1
1
6
6
6
1
11
6
11
11
1
6
11
1, 6, 11 - frequency reuse
The relationship between installation height and target range can be seen from Figure 8.
Figure 8: A8in Installation Height against Distance
Installation Height
Target Distance
Remark
10 m
125 m
Optimized coverage for near to far end
12 m
150 m
Optimized coverage for near to far end
15 m
200 m
Optimized coverage for near to far end
20 m
250 m
Optimized coverage biased to far end
30 m
400 m
Optimized coverage biased to far end
40 m
500 m
Optimized coverage biased to far end
50 m
650 m
Optimized coverage biased to far end
4.2 Backhaul Architecture
The A2 will be used for point-to-point (PTP) wireless bridge which connects an A8n to a
remote wired Internet outlet. The wireless bridge can be formed by either a pair of A2
(802.11a/n possible) or by an A2 and A8n’s 11a/n radio as shown in Figure 9 below.
Each A2 bridge has built-in 16 dBi flat panel antenna and supports 802.11a/n standards.
When it operates at 802.11a, it supports a throughput of up to 25 Mbps and when operates at
11n up to 120 Mbps.
Two pairs of A2 can also be coupled together in back-to-back manner if the target distance is
more than one A2 to A2 hop. Alternatively, A2e or B5 can be used for long range backhauling.
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Figure 9: A2 WiFi Bridge Configuration
A2-A8n backhaul
11a/n, LOS
A8n- 11a/n
radio
Multiple hops for
extended distance
A2-A2 backhaul
11a/n, LOS
Ethernet Switch
Multiple A2-A8n PTP pairs can be grouped together to form an A8n cluster as shown in Figure
10 below. In the figure below, three dedicated 802.11a/n paths are formed with total
throughput of 3 x 120 Mbps available.
Figure 10: Multiple A2-A8n Bridge Pairs Configuration
A2 WiFi
bridges
Master A8
Slave A8
Wired Internet outlet
However, if smaller throughput is enough, the three dedicated A2s at the master site can be
replaced by the 11a/n backhaul radio of A8n equipped with a 9 dBi external omni antenna,
forming PTMP connection as shown in Figure 11 below. The master A8n can provide up to
160 Mbps aggregated throughput for the three slave A8n.
In areas where Internet outlet is very expensive to build, several master sites can be further
aggregated together using pairs of A2 to be connected to a larger wired Internet outlet. In this
way, a 2-tier backhaul structure is formed.
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Figure 11: PTMP A8n-A8n Bridging Configuration
A2 WiFi
bridges
9 dBi Omni
Master A8n
Slave A8n
Wired Internet outlet
The distances between various combination of A2 and A8n, using different panel or omni
antennas can be seen in Figure 12 below. The actual distances may be less than these
values depending on the actual environment such as LOS clearance and interference
conditions.
Figure 12: Maximum Distances for Various Bridging Configuration
A2 built-in
16 dBi, 20º
12 km
A2e ext.
20 dBi, 10º
17 km
A2e ext.
9 dBi, 360º
6 km
A8n ext.
20 dBi, 10º
10 km
A8n ext.
9 dBi, 360º
5 km
A2e ext. 20 dBi, 10º
17 km
25 km
9 km
13 km
4 km
A2e ext. 9 dBi, 360º
6 km
9 km
2.5 km
4 km
1.5 km
A8n ext. 20 dBi, 10º
10 km
13 km
4 km
12 km
5 km
A8n ext. 9 dBi, 360º
5 km
4 km
1.5 km
5.0 km
1.5 km
Near End
Far End
A2 built-in 16 dBi, 20º
The throughput capability of the bridge pairs will change with the distances apart. The longer
the distance, the lower will be the throughput. Figure 13 below shows the distances support
for various throughput requirements. These figures are for reference only, which may vary
according to actual environment and conditions.
Figure 13: Throughput Supported at Different A2, A2e and A8n Distances
Throughput (Mbps)
Distance
1 km
2 km
3 km
4 km
5 km
6 km
7 km
8 km
A2 16dBi to
A2 16dBi
120
108
72
54
36
36
9
9
A2 16dBi to
A8n 20dBi
120
108
54
36
36
9
9
5
A2e 20dBi to
A2e 20dBi
120
120
108
108
72
72
54
54
A2e 20dBi to
A8n 20dBi
120
120
108
54
54
36
36
9
A2e 9dBi to
A2 16dBi
108
54
18
9
5
2.5
-
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
9 km
10 km
11 km
12 km
13 km
14 km
15 km
16 km
17 km
18 km
19 km
20 km
21 km
22 km
23 km
24 km
25 km
9
5
5
2.5
-
54
36
36
36
18
9
9
9
9
9
5
5
5
5
4
4
2.5
4
2.5
-
9
5
5
4
2.5
-
-
If longer distance than the above is required, we can use B5, the maximum ranges are shown
in Figure 14 and 15 below. More detailed relationship between throughput and distance can
be given on request.
Figure 14: Distances supported by B5 and B5L
Distance
1 km
2 km
3 km
4 km
5 km
6 km
7 km
8 km
9 km
10 km
11 km
12 km
13 km
14 km
15 km
16 km
17 km
18 km
B5L 23dBi to B5L
23 dBi
B5 23dBi to B5
23dBi
B5 28dBi to B5
28dBi
20 MHz
40 MHz
20 MHz
40 MHz
20 MHz
40 MHz
50
50
50
39
26
13
13
-
50
50
50
50
50
50
-
104
104
104
78
39
39
26
13
13
13
-
240
240
150
120
80
60
30
30
-
104
104
104
104
104
78
78
52
39
39
39
26
26
26
13
13
13
13
240
240
240
240
150
150
120
80
80
60
60
60
30
30
30
-
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Figure 15: Distances supported by B5 34 dBi dish Antenna
Distance
B5L 34dBi to B5L
34 dBi
20 MHz
40 MHz
2 km
104
240
4 km
6 km
8 km
10 km
12 km
14 km
16 km
18 km
20 km
22 km
24 km
26 km
104
104
104
104
78
78
52
39
39
39
26
26
240
240
240
150
150
120
80
80
60
60
30
30
28 km
30 km
32 km
34 km
35 km
13
13
13
13
13
30
-
4.3 Coverage, Throughput and Capacity Enhancement
In between A8n there may exist some blind spot areas that cannot receive any signal from
A8n. It is more cost effective to use smaller A2 WiFi access point to cover these blind spots.
In NLOS environment, where A8n cannot be seen from the blind spot area, the A2 can be set
at Repeater mode as shown in Figure 16 below. In this case, it receives signal from A8n,
boosts it up and repeats it to nearby areas. The signal strength can be boosted up by 4 to 12
dB depends on which device and antenna is used.
Figure 16: Coverage and Capacity Enhancement in NLOS Environments
11b/g/n, NLOS
A8n
A2
(Repeater
mode)
The user capacity can be increased at the same time because each A2 can support extra 256
concurrent users. Please note that the total throughput drawn from A8n will be increased
because the signal strength can be increased allowing them to transmit at higher data rate.
However, the total access throughput from A8 will still be limited by the wireless interface of
A8n up to 160 Mbps.
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
When LOS conditions can be provided, the A2 can be set at AP mode, as shown in Figure 17.
This allows direct wireless backhaul connection to A8n’s 11a/n radio, and provides additional
throughput of up to 120 Mbps. Access throughput will be provided by using independent
11b/g/n radio and thus a higher throughput and user capacity can be attained.
Figure 17: Coverage and Capacity Enhancement in LOS Environments
11a/n, LOS
A8n- 11a/n
A2
(AP mode)
The coverage, throughput and capacity of A8n, A2 and C1n are shown in Figure 18.
Appropriate equipment can be chosen according to the requirements.
Figure 18: Coverage, Throughput and Capacity Comparison for A8n, A2 and C1n
A8n, A8in
LOS Coverage
Radius
1,000 m (360°)
NLOS Coverage
Radius (Rural)
500 m
Max.
Users
256
Typical
Users
100
Maximum Access
Throughput
160 Mbps
A8-Ein
1,700 m (80°)
800 m
256
100
160 Mbps
16
A2
450 m (360°)
80
120
Mbps#
16
A2e
800 m (37°)
450 m
256
80
120
Mbps#
16
C1n
600 m (70°)
300 m
64
20
120 Mbps
8
Product
250 m
256
SSID
16
* Either uplink or downlink is limited to 100 Mbps. Future release will support up to 160 Mbps.
4.4 Indoor Coverage
There are two methods of indoor coverage.
The first is outdoor to indoor wireless method, the outdoor is covered by A8n and the
signals are extended to indoor using the Altai C1n Super WiFi CPE or Altai U1 USB Client.
There are a few arrangements possible as shown in Figure 19 below.
The C1n Super WiFi CPE will receive signal from A8n and convert to standard Ethernet outlet
for desktop/laptop connection. This is the standard wireless DSL application. Fixed broadband
service is offered to home users using wireless local loop method. When indoor wireless
coverage is required, another C1n can be connected in back-to-back manner and the second
C1n is best to set at different frequency channel to minimize the interference to the A8n. The
C1n CPE is outdoor weather proof and therefore can be installed at the rooftop and can be
shared for a few users inside the building. Independent billing is possible with the WDS
function enabled. Alternatively, an Altai U1 USB client can be used if it can be connected to
the client device via an USB cable e.g. a laptop.
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Figure 19: Outdoor to Indoor Coverage Using C1n CPE
A8n/ A8Ein/ A8in
C1n
CPE
C1n
CPE
C1n/U1
CPE
C1n
AP
Internet
Set the C1n AP at different
channels for the best
performance by minimizing
interference to A8
Outdoor to indoor coverage method is recommended to use as the first priority whenever
possible. This is more cost effective and time saving especially for large area low user density
situation, where laying fibers are cost prohibitive.
The coverage distances of A8n/A8-Ein/A8in can be extended substantially with the use of
C1n or U1 CPE. Figure 20 below shows the estimated distances.
Figure 20: A8n, A8-Ein and A8in Coverage Radius with C1n and U1
A8n/A8in to
C1n Distance
2.7 km
A8-Ein to C1n
Distance
4.0 km
A8n/A8in to
U1 Distance
2.5 km
A8-Ein to U1
Distance
3.7 km
Rural (NLOS)
1.3 km
1.8 km
1.2 km
1.6 km
Sub-urban (NLOS)
800 m
1.2 km
800 m
1 km
Urban (NLOS)
600 m
800 m
500 m
700 m
Environment
Open Area (LOS)
The second method of indoor coverage is wired method as shown in Figure 21 below.
This method is complement to the outdoor to indoor method. When discrete buildings are not
covered by A8 or when wired Internet outlet is already available, or when the interior areas
are large enough, then indoor wired method can be used. Both the A2 and C1n can be used
as indoor AP. The A2 is for standard omni or sector coverage. The C1n is for directional
coverage, but if omni coverage is required, a few sets of C1n can be used. A8n can be used
for indoor coverage if there is a huge hollow area inside a building, such as shopping mall or
hotel.
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Figure 21: Indoor Coverage Using APs
4.5 Service Controller
Depending on the business model of a WiFi network, but for a commercial city-wide network
operated by a Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP), they most probably would like to
limit the bandwidth per user to avoid one particular user to dominate most of the available
bandwidth. The service controller offered by Altai will not only provide feature of QoS/
bandwidth control, but also user authentication and billing support.
The controller has a built-in captive portal (HTML-based login page) user database for user
authentication. It can also redirect the users to various third party portals, AAA server or
DHCP server as well, depending on which base station and SSID the user associated to.
Users can login via captive portal or MAC address authentication. Different authentication
methods can be assigned to different SSID/VLAN.
Session records including the usage time and traffic volume are maintained in the service
controller for accounting/billing purpose. Per user RADIUS attributes for billing support include
maximum time a session can be active for session timeout, maximum session idle time,
session time, number of octets/bytes sent/received or number of packets sent/received. The
session records can be exported to the billing server for further processing.
Bandwidth can be assigned on user, SSID or VLAN basis. The traffic can be differentiated
based on VLAN, MAC address, user name and password etc. The QoS/bandwidth
management policy can be implemented by controlling the bandwidth of a user session, the
transmit/receive data rate or upload/download limit for a user session.
There are 2 models for the controller, namely Service Controller 200 and 7000, controls up to
100 and 1000 clients respectively. The service controller is to be connected behind the base
station and in front of the firewall.
Figure 22: Service Controller 200 (Left) and 7000 (Right)
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As each service controller will only serve up to 1,000 concurrent wireless clients. When the
user space is growing it is recommended to expand the network by installing more service
controllers in a regional network. If the network is ever growing, it is recommended to expand
the network by installing more regional networks. To manage multiple-regional network, a
centralized AWMS CCS server will be placed at backend layer, which manage the whole
network through multiple AWMS Proxy servers located inside each regional network.
Each regional network requires one AWMS proxy server, which can manager up to 200
network elements. Up to 20 proxy servers can be managed by one AWMS CCS server, which
can support up to 500 network elements for the whole network, and can be expandable to
2,000 network elements in future release.
All service controllers, APs and AWMS CCS server and AWMS proxy servers are under
management VLAN. The connection diagram for both a single service controller system and
multiple service controllers system is shown below.
Figure 23: Single and Multiple Service Controllers Connection Diagram
Core Network
RADIUS server
AWMS CCS server
Regional
Network
(Single SC)
Service
Controller
(SC)
Regional Network
(Multi-SC)
Service
Controller
Regional
Network
Service
Controller
Management
VLAN
AWMS proxy server
AWMS proxy server
AWMS proxy server
Backhaul
A2
Access
A8n/A8-Ein/A8in
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5. Proposed Solution
5.1 Introduction
In a city-wide network, there are in general five types of cost element:





Equipment Cost (Hardware and maintenance)
Engineering Cost (Site planning, site survey, equipment installation and site
construction)
Site Cost (Site acquisition, rental and electricity)
Backhaul Cost (Internet backbone setup and rental)
Operation Cost (Network management systems, customer and organizational supports)
This section is to estimate the quantity of access and backhaul equipment required building
up a city-wide WiFi network in the areas as requested by the customer, and at the same time
to give indication on the network capacity it can support and the number of wired Internet
outlets required so that the quantity for the other costs elements can be estimated. This
proposal will only present the technical information, the quotation for the Altai product will be
submitted separately. While Altai as a vendor will only provide the WiFi equipment, network
management software and service controller, our channel partners/ system integrators will
provide all the other elements and supporting services.
This section is written based on the following assumptions:








The areas to be covered can be roughly divided into 2 types of environment, namely
suburban area and urban area, with each type of environment contains uniform
distribution of buildings and road structure as defined hereafter.
Users are uniformly distributed in the target coverage areas.
The environment is almost free from radio interference. In much interference
environment, both data throughput and coverage distance will be lowered than
expected.
Line-of-Sight (LOS) environment is available between wireless backhaul equipment.
The coverage requirements are mainly for outdoor areas. Indoor coverage be can
extended from outdoor by using Altai C1n CPE or Altai U1 USB Client, the quantity of
which varies a lot depending on building structure and therefore it can only be estimated
by the customer itself.
The application of the city-wide WiFi network is mainly for data uses, including Web
browsing, e-mail, video streaming, Internet gaming, PDA, game console etc. The
network can support more applications such as video surveillance and VoIP etc., but the
capacity calculations have to be changed.
Service controllers are installed to limit the maximum throughput for each user.
The users are nomadic in nature. If the services are mainly for residential or commercial
wireless DSL uses, the calculations have to be changed.
5.2 Coverage Environment
Since the exact area to be covered is unknown, it is assumed that the environment and area
of interest is similar to Figure 24 below.
According to the map, we can separate the environment into 2 categories, namely suburban
area and urban area.
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Figure 24: Map of the city
(1)
Suburban area – it is a residential area. Buildings are mainly made of wood with
average heights of 1 or 2 floors (~8 m). The width of road/ street is approximately
20 m. Typical views of rural area are shown in Figure 25.
Figure 25: Typical Suburban Environment
(2)
Urban area – it is a commercial area. The building heights range from 5 floors to
over 30 floors. Buildings are made of concrete materials with large building
blocks. The width of the roads or streets is narrow. Radio signal have more
difficulty propagating and penetrating across the roads. Typical views of urban
area are shown in Figure 26.
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Figure 26: Typical Urban Environment
5.3 Coverage Area and Quantity Required
In this section, we are going to estimate the number of A8n Super WiFi Base Station required
for providing WiFi coverage in that area. The area to be covered is shown in Figure 24.
(1)
Area to be covered is 2 x 2 km = 4 km2
Since the details about the environment and site situation in the city are not available, we
assumed:
(2)
Percentage of suburban area = 90%
(3)
Percentage of urban area = 10%
Then the sizes of the areas are:
(4)
Area of suburban area = 4 km2 x 90% = 3.6 km2
(5)
Area of urban area = 4 km2 x 10% = 0.4 km2
Refer to Figure 3, the cell radius of A8n base station is about 350 m in suburban area to
provide reasonable coverage for data applications such as email, Web browsing. On the other
hand, in urban area, close buildings creates larger path loss and hence cell radius in such
area is assumed to be 250 m.
In suburban area, we assumed cell radius of A8n to be 0.35 km, therefore,
(6)
Coverage per A8n in suburban area = 0.25 km2
In urban area, we assumed cell radius of A8n to be 0.25 km, therefore,
(7)
Coverage per A8n in urban area = 0.125 km2
Since the NLOS coverage distance of A8n will vary greatly depending on the actual NLOS
conditions. Therefore, the value can be changed according to the actual field test results to be
done by your system integrator. This quantity of equipment will be revised accordingly.
From the results of (6) and (7):
(8)
Expected number of A8n for suburban area
= Area of suburban area / Coverage per A8n in suburban area
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= 3.6 km2 / 0.25 km2 = 14 sets
(9)
(round-up)
Expected number of A8n for urban area
= Area of urban area / Coverage per A8n in urban area
= 0.4 km2 / 0.125 km2 = 3 sets
(round-up)
Consequently,
(10) Total number of A8n
= 14 sets + 3 sets = 17 sets
(round-up)
(11) Total number of RF cable
= Number of RF cable per A8n x Total number of A8n
= 8 pcs x 17 sets = 136 pcs
In practice, it may not be easy to acquire the exact and desired location according to the plan
and that it requires certain overlapping between 2 adjacent base stations, the network
operator may need to acquire and install more sites to provide coverage than planned.
Therefore the network operator is advised to add a certain percentage of margins on top of
the above A8n quantity.
5.4 Backhaul Throughput
In this section, we are going to estimate the throughput requirement under each A8n in the
interested area.
It is assumed that most of the users are running data applications such as web browsing and
email. It requires data throughput of 1 Mbps per user.
(1)
Throughput per user = 1 Mbps
The number of concurrent users under each A8n will be different. In general, there will be
lesser users in suburban areas and more users in urban areas. We assume
(2)
No. of concurrent users per A8n in suburban areas = 100 concurrent users
(3)
No. of concurrent users per A8n in urban areas = 200 concurrent users
When a user is using applications, he/she does not occupy all the time to download/upload
data. The data transfer pattern should like a loop of this behavior: data is downloaded and
then he/she spends some time to utilities or read the content. Hence, it is assumed the user
will perform data transfer (i.e. download/upload) during 5% of the time, and he/she will be idle
for the rest.
When a group of users are sharing an Internet line, since not all of them will perform data
transfer at exactly the same time, the line can be shared by a number of users as if each one
is using the line by his/her own without apparent degrade in bandwidth. The number of users
that can share in this way is called the Share Ratio. For example, a share ratio of 25 means
that an Internet line with 2 Mbps throughput can be shared by 25 concurrent users each of
whom still feels to have 2 Mbps throughput during a period of time.
The share ratio can vary from 10 to 30 for normal Internet browsing application. The higher
the traffic required, the lower the share ratio. A share ratio of 25 can be used for general citywide WiFi application. For users that require higher traffic, such as those in universities or
offices, a share ratio of 15 to 20 can be used. On the other hand, for real time application
such as video surveillance and VoIP application, since the video signal or voice content are
real time continuous signals, the share ratio will be 1.
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In this project, we assume
(4)
Share ratio = 25
Therefore,
(5)
Backhaul throughput per A8n in suburban areas
= No. of concurrent users per A8n x Throughput per user / Share ratio
= 100 concurrent users x 1 Mbps / 25
= 4 Mbps
(6)
Backhaul throughput per A8n in urban areas
= No. of concurrent users per A8n x Throughput per user / Share ratio
= 200 concurrent users x 1 Mbps / 25
= 8 Mbps
5.5 Internet Outlet
Since not all the sites are equipped with wired Internet outlet, in order to save the cost in
laying wired Internet line to each site, we use wireless backhaul links to group a number of
A8n sites into a cluster before connecting to a wired Internet outlet.
Referring to Figure 27, a 5 GHz wireless backhaul link can be formed by connecting one A2
WiFi bridge to the A8n’s 802.11a/n backhaul radio. The site that has connection to the wired
Internet outlet is called “master site”, while the other sites that wirelessly connected to the
master site are called “slave site”. The master and slave sites that are grouped together to
share one wired Internet outlet is called “cluster”.
Figure 27: A8n Cluster Structure for Urban Coverage
A2 WiFi
bridges
Master A8n
Slave A8n
Wired Internet outlet
When we group together a number of sites into a cluster, we need to check if the bandwidth of
the aggregated wired Internet outlet is available. For example, if we group 3 slave sites into a
master site (totally 4 sites in one cluster), and if each site requires 8 Mbps throughput, then
the aggregated wired Internet outlet throughput will require 32 Mbps. We need to check if 32
Mbps Internet line or above is available from local ISP.
In this proposal, we assume 32 Mbps Internet outlet is available, then,
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(1)
Throughput of Internet outlet in suburban areas
= Backhaul throughput of A8n in suburban areas x Number of A8n per cluster
= 4 Mbps x 4 sets = 16 Mbps
(2)
Throughput of Internet outlet in urban areas
= Backhaul throughput of A8n in urban areas x Number of A8n per cluster
= 8 Mbps x 4 sets = 32 Mbps
From Figure 13, we can check out that:
(3)
Maximum distance of A8n-A2 backhaul in suburban area with 4 Mbps throughput
= 9 km
(4)
Maximum distance of A8n-A2 backhaul in urban area with 8 Mbps throughput
= 7 km
Longer range can be supported if A2e is used. In this case 12 km and 9 km can be supported
for suburban and urban areas respectively. If for even longer distance, a pair of A2 or A2e can
be used. In this case, the distances can be supported up to 24 and 18 km respectively if a
pair of A2e is used.
That means the slave sites need not to be nearby the master site, we can group together
slave sites at some distance away by using appropriate pair of wireless bridges such as A2,
A2e, B5L or B5.
When a number of slave sites are to be grouped into a master site, the A2 bridges at the
master sites will be installed as far away as possible in order that the interference between
the A2s can be minimized. In practice, different A2s will be installed at different corners of a
building rooftop for maximum separation. If even more A2s are required, several A2s may be
required to be installed at one mounting pole. In this case, we reserve a minimum vertical
separation of 3 m in our design.
The number of A8n in a cluster will vary depending on the geometry of the coverage areas, in
this proposal, we assume on average 4 A8n per cluster for both suburban areas and urban
areas, i.e. the same as that shown in Figure 27. The number of clusters can be calculated as
follows:
(5)
Number of cluster in suburban areas
= Number of A8n in suburban area / 4
= 14 sets / 4 = 4 clusters
(round up)
(6)
Number of cluster in urban areas
= Number of A8n in urban area / 4
= 3 sets / 4 = 1 cluster
(round up)
5.6 Backhaul Equipment
Each cluster will consist of 1 master site and 3 slave sites. In each master site, 1 A8n base
station and 3 A2 WiFi bridge are to be installed, and all will be connected together to wired
Internet outlet via an Ethernet switch. In each slave site, the A8n built-in backhaul radio with
an external 20 dBi dual-polarized panel antenna to be connected by 2 RF cables will be
equipped. So, there will be 4 A8n and 3 A2 per cluster. In the other words,
(1)
The ratio of A2 to A8n = 3/4
(2)
Number of A2 in suburban areas
= Number of A8n in suburban area x 3/4
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
= 14 sets x 3/4 = 11 sets
(round up)
Number of external 5 GHz 20 dBi panel antenna at A8n = 11 sets
Number of RF cable = 22 pieces
(3)
Number of A2 in urban areas
= Number of A8n in urban area x 3/4
= 3 x 3/4 = 2 sets
(round up)
Number of external 5 GHz 20 dBi panel antenna at A8n = 2 sets
Number of RF cable = 4 pieces
(4)
Total Number of A2
= 11 + 2 = 13 sets
Total number of external 5 GHz 20 dBi panel antenna
= 11 + 2 = 13 sets
Total number of RF cable
= 22 + 4 = 26 pieces
5.7 Concurrent User Capacity
In this section, we are going to estimate the number of concurrent users supported by the
whole WiFi network in the interested area. The concurrent user capacity is the total number of
users that are using the network at the same time. We assume that the users are evenly
distributed over the whole network and are not congested to a certain district. Further, the
throughput of each user will be controlled by Service controller to an upper limit of the service
plan he/she subscribed such that no one user will eat up all the bandwidth under an A8n.
In this proposal,
(1)
Total number of concurrent users
= Backhaul throughput per A8n x No. of A8n x Share ratio / Throughput per user
= 4 Mbps x 14 x 25 / 1 Mbps in suburban + 8 Mbps x 3 x 25 / 1 Mbps in urban
= 1,400 + 600
= 2,000 concurrent users
5.8 CPE Equipment
There are two types of CPE, namely Altai C1n Super WiFi CPE and Altai U1 USB Client, that
can be used to extend the coverage and to boost up the throughput under the A8n. The C1n
is used mainly for fixed locations such as residential household and hotspot where the
locations are far from an A8n. The U1 is used mainly for nomadic users carrying a laptop.
In this proposal, we assume the outermost 25% of concurrent users from A8n require C1n for
signal improvement, and that 10% of concurrent users require U1,
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
(1)
Total number of C1n
= 1,400 x 25% (suburban) + 600 x 25% (urban)
= 350 + 150
= 500 sets
(2)
Total number of U1
= 1,400 x 10% (suburban) + 600 x 10% (urban)
= 140 + 60
= 200 sets
5.9 Subscriber Capacity
Not all the subscribers who registered the service will turn on their notebook/computer/PDA
and login to the network at the same time, on the same day and under the same base station.
A concentration ratio can be used to oversell the network capacity. This oversell ratio varies
with the nature of application, the type of users and the network size. The ratio will be higher
for short-duration applications such as voice and lower for long-duration applications such as
file transfer. It will be higher for city-wide WiFi application because the average duration they
use will be shorter and lower for residential broadband application because the average time
they stay in use will be longer. It will be higher for large scale network from statistical point of
view and lower for startup network with just several base stations. The oversell ratio can
range from 1 to 4 times in common practice. Oversell ratio of 1 means all users subscribed
will be using the network at the same time. For those residential users that have C1n installed,
we may use oversell ratio of 1 because they shall always switch on a C1n no matter they are
using it or not. In that case, even if a C1n has no traffic, it will associate an A8n and will be
counted as 1 out of the total 256 users.
In this proposal, we assume
(1)
Oversell ratio for C1n user = 1
(2)
Oversell ratio for other users = 4
(3)
Total number of subscriber
= Total number of concurrent users x Oversell ratio
= 350 x 1 + (1,400 – 350) x 4 (suburban) + 150 x 1 + (600 – 150) x 4 (urban)
= 4,550 + 1,950
= 6,500 subscribers
5.10 Service Controller
From Figure 23, we can see that the Service Controller must be put behind A8 and before
Internet outlet; this means each cluster requires Service Controller of appropriate size
according to the number of simultaneous users the cluster supports.
(1)
Number of concurrent users in a cluster in suburban areas
= Number of concurrent users per A8n x Number of A8n per cluster
= 100 x 4 = 400 concurrent users
(2)
Number of concurrent users in a cluster in urban areas
= Number of concurrent users per A8n x Number of A8n per cluster
= 200 x 4 = 800 concurrent users
From section 4.5, we can see that Service Controller 200 can only support up to 100
concurrent users, and Service Controller 7000 can support up to 1,000 concurrent users,
therefore the appropriate model is Service Controller 7000 for both areas.
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
(3)
(4)
(5)
Number of Service Controller in suburban areas
= Number of cluster = 4 sets of Service Controller 7000
(round up)
Number of Service Controller in urban areas
= Number of cluster = 1 set of Service Controller 7000
(round up)
Total number of Service Controller
= 4 + 1 = 5 sets of Service Controller 7000
5.11 Summary of Equipment Required
The following is a summary on network design and equipment required for this proposal, with
detail description on each item.
Figure 28: Summary on WiFi Network Design
Requirements/Design
Suburban Area
Urban Area
Total
Area
3.6 km2
0.4 km2
4 km2
Range of A8n
350 m
250 m
-
No. of A8n
14
3
17
No. of RF Cable for A8n Access
112
24
136
Throughput per User
1 Mbps
1 Mbps
-
No. of User per A8n
100
200
-
Share Ratio
25
25
-
Backhaul Throughput for A8n
4 Mbps
8 Mbps
-
Outlet Throughput
16 Mbps
32 Mbps
-
No. of Outlet
4
1
5
No. of A2
11
2
13
No. of A8n Backhaul Antenna
11
2
13
No. of RF Cable for A8n Backhaul
22
4
26
1,400
600
2,000
No. of C1n
350
150
500
No. of U1
140
60
200
Oversell Ratio for C1n User
1
1
-
Oversell Ratio for non-C1n User
4
4
-
4,550
1,950
6,500
4
1
5
No. of Concurrent Users
No. of Subscribers
No. of Controller
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Figure 29: Summary of Altai Hardware Equipment
Item
Product Name
Description
No.
(Part No.)
A8n Super WiFi Base Station Standard Package
1
A8n Super WiFi Base Station A8n Super WiFi Base Station standard
package including:
(SD.A8-N000-00)
- 1 x A8n 802.11a/b/g/n AP hardware
(PoE power) (Model No.: WA8011N)
1 x built-in 802.11a/n bridge radio
1 x base station mounting kit
4 x 2.4GHz 14dBi X-pol directional
antenna
4 x antenna mounting kit
2 x external 5GHz antenna port
1 x A8n series system software
(excluding: RF cables, power cord,
Ethernet cable and 5GHz antenna)
A8n Series Accessories
2
5.8G 20dBi Panel Antenna
(SD.AN-5P20-00)
3
2-meter RF Cable
(SD.CA-RF02-00)
Qty
17 sets
13 sets
5GHz, 20dBi, dual-linear, 10˚horizontal
and 10˚vertical beamwidth panel
(excluding: RF
cable)
2m RF Cable w/ 2 N-male connectors
162 pcs
A2 WiFi Bridge
4
A2 WiFi Access Point/ Bridge A2 Access Point/ Bridge/ Repeater/ CPE
(SD.A2-0000-00)
(Model No.: AP5822)
- 1 x built-in 802.11bgn radio
- 1 x built-in 802.11an radio
- 1 x PoE injector
- 1 x mounting kit
- 2 x external 2.4GHz antenna port
- 1 x built-in 5GHz 16 dBi 2 x 2 MIMO
panel antenna
(excluding: 2.4GHz external antennas,
power cord and Ethernet cable)
Service Controller
5
Service Controller 7000
(SD.SC-7000-00)
Service Controller 7000
- control up to 6000 Mbps throughput
- control up to 1000 concurrent clients
- Intel Core 2 Duo 2.93 GHz CPU
- 10 x Giga Ethernet port
- 2 GB DDR2 RAM, 2 GB Flash
- 1 x SATA cable for external HDD
- 1U rack mounting
- 1 x PCI-E slot, 1 x mPCI slot
- AC power
- Bandwidth control, backbone
routing, firewall, VPN server, DHCP
server, proxy server, software tools
- Captive portal
- RADIUS support for authentication
and accounting
- Operating System Software Level 6
13 sets
5 sets
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Item
Product Name
No.
(Part No.)
C1n Super WiFi CPE/AP
6
C1n Super WiFi CPE/ AP
(UK)
U1 Super WiFi USB Client
7
U1 Super WiFi USB Client
(SD.U1-BGN0-00)
AWMS
8
9
Description
Qty
C1n 2.4GHz CPE/ AP (Model No.:
WA1011N-G)
- 1 x built-in 802.11b/g/n radio
- 1 x DC injector
- 1 x AC adaptor (18V, UK)
- 1 x table stand
- 2 x wire clamp
- 2 x built-in 2.4GHz 10 dBi X-pol
(excluding Ethernet cable)
500
U1 2.4GHz CPE (Model No.: WA1011N- 1 x built-in 802.11b/g/n radio
- 1 x USB cable
- 2 x built-in 2.4GHz 10 dBi X-pol
antenna
200
AWMS
(SD.AW-C025-00)
Altai Wireless Management System
Core Software
- for fault, configuration,
administration, performance,
security, RF, bridge link, CPE and
network map managements
- for 1 to 25 Network Elements (NE)*
- expandable up to 500 NE by adding
Additional NE License Pack
- 1 year 8x5 remote technical support
and upgrade software
- activation key for set up
(excluding server hardware and
and
MySQL
*Windows
A8 seriesXP
=1
NE;
A3, A2,operating
DAS, B5
series = 0.25 NE; C1 series = 0.1 NE
1
10 Additional NE License
Pack
(SD.AW-U010-00)
- 10 x Network Element (NE)* license
5
5.12 Summary of Project Requirement
Equipment cost is one of the 5 cost elements in a city-wide WiFi project, the following give a
check list on most of the costs involved. Costs are classified into one-time cost (CAPEX) and
recurring cost (OPEX). The recurring costs are indicated in number of period in the table. We
assumed the investment takes 2 years and the corresponding quantity of each item is shown
below:
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
Figure 30: Summary of Project Requirement
Item
Quantity
Description
Equipment
1.1
Altai A8n Super WiFi BTS
1.2
Altai A2 WiFi Bridge
1.3
RF Cable
1.4
5 GHz Antenna
1.5
Altai C1n Super WiFi CPE
1.6
Altai U1 Super WiFi Client
1.7
Ethernet Switch
1.8
Extended Warranty of Equipment
17
13
162
13
500
200
5
Period
sets
sets
pcs
sets
sets
sets
sets
12 months
Engineering
2.1
Radio Planning & Network Design
2.2
Site Survey
2.3
Installation of Equipment
2.4
Pole, Conduits & Power Supply Setup
17
17
30
17
Sites
3.1
3.2
Site Acquisition
Site Rental
17 sites
17 sites
Backhaul
4.1
Internet Backbone Rental
4.2
Setup Charge
5 sites
5 sites
Operation
5.1
Service Controller 7000
5.2
AWMS Core Software (25 Network Elements)
5.3
AWMS Additional License (10 NE)
5.4
Authentication System (RADIUS)
5.5
Billing System
5.6
Security System (Firewall & Filtering)
5.7
Customer & Organizational Supports
5.8
Sales & Marketing Expenses
5
1
5
1
1
1
sites
sites
sets
sites
24 months
24 months
sets
set
set
set
set
set
24 months
24 months
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.
Altai Super WiFi Proposal
6. Feature Description and User Benefit
6.1 Super Long Range and Large Coverage
With the use of Multiple Radios and patented Smart Antenna Technology in Altai A8n WiFi
base station, extra antenna array gain, diversity gain and special gain from signal processing
technique can be attained, thus pushing up link budget in both uplink and downlink for long
range coverage. Yet, the transmit power is small (5 to 24 dBm) to match with the low powered
terminals such as PDA and smart phone and tablet in the uplink, the symmetrical up and
downlink design is essential for good voice quality in VoIP application.
The user benefit:

The A8n provides 3X the range,



up to 500 m NLOS in rural areas
and up to 1 km LOS in open
areas
The A8-Ein provides 5X the
range, up to 800 m NLOS and 1.7
km LOS
10X the area coverage, 2 to 4
BTS/ km2
Minimum installation sites, 1/6 of
traditional AP
6.2 High Throughput at Range
While all 802.11b/g/n WiFi radios follow the same trend of higher data rate at closer distance
and lower data rate at longer distance, due to Altai A8n long range capability, the data rate
and correspondingly the throughput capacity of A8n as measured at the same distance from
the radio is much higher than standard 11n AP. The higher throughput capability allows Altai
WiFi system to support a larger number of multi-media clients. The direct access coverage
capability to user implies Negligible Link Latency makes real time traffic possible. The endto-end QoS and WMM features ensure good voice quality at priority to high volume of data
traffic such as ftp or video streaming. The 8x8:2 MIMIO Multi-path Signal Sampling
technique can choose the best signal paths from and to the 2 best out of the 8 directions
available, thus increasing the successful rate and reducing the number of retry; resulted in
great improvement in effective
throughput capacity, especially in
complex NLOS environments.
The user benefit:

10 to 20X the data rate over

standard 11b/g AP
2 to 4X the data rate at over
standard 11n AP
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
6.3 High User Capacity
Another very important benefit of using multiple antennas with independent, coordinated
radios is to minimize the harmful effects due to packet collisions from hidden nodes, as
explained in figure below. Packet collisions from hidden nodes happen very often in NLOS
environments. For instance, when two hidden clients send signals to an A8 at the same time
but from different directions, the A8n can receive both signals using multiple antennas and
radios, and therefore both signals can be processed without collision. In this way, the lost
packets and transmission retries are substantially minimized, meaning more time slots are
reserved for other clients or additional packets. This is a key reason why the A8n can handle
two to four times the user capacity of a standard AP, or even of multiple standard AP’s
collocated but not operating in a coordinated manner at the baseband and physical RF layer.
Each A8n typically supports 100 concurrent users and up to a maximum of 256 users
.
The user benefit:

4 X the user capacity

Typically 100 concurrent users

Maximum 256 users

Up to 300 Mbps data rate in both 2.4

and 5 GHz bands
Up to 160 Mbps throughput
6.4 Superior Interference Mitigation
There are two factors that lead the A8n/A8-Ein to provide much better interference mitigation
as compared to a single antenna standard AP. Firstly, the A8n platform has been designed
from the beginning to be located outdoor among other high power radio systems, such as
GSM, 3G, PHS etc. It has multiple high quality RF filters on each receive (Rx) & Tx path. It
has been extensively tested and proven to work efficiently in high interference and denseurban areas, with different kinds of cellular systems operating nearby, even within a few
meters. The A8n has been collocated with PHS systems, 3G, GSM and CDMA systems
without having any degradation in performance. Also, the A8n is designed to ensure it does
not create any harmful interference to those systems even when collocated on the same
tower or rooftop.
Secondly, due to the multi-antenna and multi-radio coordinated architecture, even when
one coverage sector may suffer from interference the other sectors will continue to operate
normally. With a standard AP using a single antenna, any interference received to that AP will
affect its entire coverage area.
The user benefit:

High network throughput and



stability in much interference urban
areas
Designed to meet 3G base station
co-location for 3G data offload
Save time in radio planning
More choices of site and reduction in
site
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
6.5 Better Network Throughput Optimization
The Altai AirFi™ technology is the latest advanced software control algorithm for network
throughput optimization, whilst some classical AP bandwidth controllers control traffic at the
Ethernet port, which cannot solve the low throughput issues caused by slow clients and
continuously RF layer retries. The Altai AirFi uses a traffic shaping technique superior to other
classical methods. Peak traffic that exceeds a pre-set throughput limit will be transmitted
during later low traffic period – there will be no packet loss, re-try or time-out as experienced
with a classical method.
When AirFi is enabled, 3 times the client throughput and 2 times the average system
throughput can be achieved. The improvement is most obvious where network degradation is
due to low speed clients dragging down the overall system capacity.
The user benefit:

3X the peak client

throughput
2X the average system
throughput
6.6 Better Near-to-Far End Coverage
The use of multiple co-ordinate antennas in an array allows the A8n/A8-Ein system to have a
much larger vertical beamwidth compared to a standard AP using a similar gain antenna as
the A8n/A8-Ein. This is particularly the case with the A8-Ein. The larger vertical beamwidth
allows the A8n/A8-Ein system to provide substantially more uniform coverage of the entire
targeted cell area. This means the signal strength will not drop off as significantly when the
vertical angle to the base station is large, as will happen with a standard AP. This allows
higher data rates (stronger signal) between the user and the A8n and again improves the
system capacity as compared to a standard AP.
The user benefit:

4X wider the vertical

angle
Substantial more
uniform coverage area
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
6.7 Flexible Deployment
Each of the A8n antennas can be adjusted independently in different antenna orientations,
down-tilt angles and antenna separation. That means each A8n can be deployed for different
cell shapes and adopted for different site conditions.
The user benefit:

Much simpler site planning

Fast deployment in days or hours

Any horizontal beamwidth coverage

Improved throughput density by

converged coverage
Rooftop, pole, ceiling, wall mounting or
special tube antenna for lamppost
6.8 Highly Cost Effective
With much lower quantity of base station per area, Altai WiFi solution can save your costs not
only in hardware, but also in site rental, backhaul rental, site built-up, installation,
maintenance and operation, resulting saving in total cost of ownership of as high as 65%!
The user benefit:

65% saving in CAPEX and OPEX

85% reduction in number of sites

Fast deployment is another form of
cost saving
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
6.9 Better Link Performance
While traditional AP will boost up the transmit power in order to give higher downlink
performance, the uplink side especially for most low-powered devices is relatively poor. Altai
A8n employs low transmit power and high antenna gain design to give Symmetrical Uplink
and Downlink performance, with much better uplink link budget (9 dB increase). This implies
a much better receive capability for low-powered and uplink-required devices such as SIP
phones, PDAs and game consoles. Further, Altai A8n uses Multi-path Signal Sampling
technique which has the capability to choose the best signal from multiple signals received,
provides superior reception power especially in complex NLOS environments.
The user benefit:

Take care of low-powered



terminals
8X the receive capability
Higher number of user association
Better throughput in both
directions
6.10 Highly Resilient
The Backhaul Protection Switching feature makes Altai WiFi system the best choice for
mission critical network such as those for container port and medical care. The Link Integrity
mechanism will check for complete link integrity. In case a link is failed, the A8 will switch
automatically to another backhaul link; and switch back when recovered; when all backhaul
links failed, the system will force the users to associate to another healthy A8n covering the
same area. This protection mechanism not only improves the resilience of the radio
equipment, but also to the total network, the instability caused by Internet line and application
server jam.
The user benefit:

Complete backhaul protection

Mission critical proof

Improve network stability

Saves downtime cost
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.
Product Specifications
7.1 Altai A8n Super WiFi Base Station
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.2 Altai A8-Ein Super WiFi Base Station
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.3 Altai A8in Super WiFi Base Station
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.4 Altai A2 WiFi Access Point/Bridge
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.5 Altai A2e WiFi Access Point/Bridge
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.6 Altai B5 Wireless Bridge
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.7 Altai C1n Super WiFi CPE/AP
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.8 Altai U1 Super WiFi USB Client
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.9 Altai Wireless Management System
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.10 Service Controller 200
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Altai Super WiFi Proposal
7.11 Service Controller 7000
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© Copyright 2012 Altai Technologies Ltd.