Midterm Review
Biology/Psychology 3750
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Format
• Fill in the blank
• Choice
– Short Answer
– Long Answer
• Labs, text, notes – all fair game!!!
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Intro and History
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Why study AB?
Niko’s 4 questions
Proximate v. Ultimate
The theory of evolution by natural
selection
– Basic tenants
• History of AB
– Roots
– Compare/contrast
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Approaches and Methods
• Scientific method
– Lab – field - natural
• Different approaches to AB
– Ethology, behavioural ecology
– Pros/cons
• Methods
– Elements of study design
• Hypothesis/prediction
– Methods of recording
– Marking animals
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Genetics
• Mutations
• Heterozygosity and variation
• Neo-Darwinism
– Natural selection leads to a change in gene
frequencies
– Adaptations, fitness
– Group selection? (remember the lemmings!!)
– Kin selection (inclusive fitness)
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Genetics
• Evolution
– Mutations (raw material)
– Natural selection (main but not exclusive
means)
– Gene flow
– Genetic drift (Founder effect)
• Null model (Hardy-Weinberg)
• Cautions (Spandrels)
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Behavioural genetics and Evolution
of Behaviour
• Techniques for studying genetic basis of
behaviour (knock out gene)
• Artificial selection (dogs, domestics)
• Microevolution (foxes, peppered moth, ring
species)
• Macroevolution
– techniques
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Foraging Behaviour
• Optimal foraging
(economics)
• Diet selection or prey/patch
models
• Marginal Value Theorm
(berry picking)
– GUD
• Risk-sensitive foraging (utility
– gambling)
• Avoid becoming prey/Find
prey
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Optimal foraging
• E1/h1 > E2 /h2
– Find Prey 1, eat Prey 1
– Find Prey 2, eat or accept cost of moving on
to find Prey 1?
• E2/ h2 > E1/(S1+h1)
– Eat Prey 2 if Prey 1 is:
• A) hard to find (low density)
• B) catch (fast/fierce)
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Patch 2
P2
MVT
Patch 1
Patch 3
Should I stay or should I
go? How long to stay?
If near another
patch, stay in P1
for short time,
then P2
P3
Energy
Travel Time
-If far away, stay
for longer.
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Topt
Utility and patch choice
• What patch to choose, dependable or not
dependable?
• It depends on the conditions (gain curve)
– If satiated, dependable patch
– If starving, variable patch
• The dependable patch will not suffice
Satiated
Starving
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Development
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FAP v MAP
Epignesis v Ontogenetic niche
Song development
Imprinting
• Migration (just covered)
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Habitat Selection
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Scale
Limiting factors
Philopatry
Theories (IDF, IDD, IDP)
Territoriality
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• Study Hard
• Focus
• Don’t worry
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