1/26/15
• Review: Define theory and principle.
• Preview: list at least 2 types of specialized
psychology.
• ACT WORD: Ethical - pertaining to morals;
pertaining to right and wrong in conduct
What do psychologists do, and what
are their areas of specialization?
PSYCHOLOGISTS
Test ideas using various research methods
such as surveys and experimentation
Consult and teach
What do psychologists do, and what
are their areas of specialization?
AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION
• Clinical – the largest group – treat
psychological problems
• Counseling – treat adjustment problems
• School – deal with students who have
problems that interfere with learning
• Educational Psychologist – focus on course
planning and instructional methods
What do psychologists do, and what
are their areas of specialization?
• Personality Psychologist – identify
characteristics or traits
• Social Psychologist – concerned with people’s
behavior in social situations
• Experimental Psychologist – conduct research
into basic processes
What do psychologists do, and what
are their areas of specialization?
• Industrial and Organizational Psychologist –
focus on people in work and business
• Environmental Psychologist – focus on ways in
which people influence and are influenced by
physical environment
• Consumer Psychologist – study the behavior
of shoppers to explain and predict behavior
What do psychologists do, and what
are their areas of specialization?
• Forensic Psychologist – are concerned with
how psychological problems give rise to
criminal behavior
• Health Psychologist – study the ways in which
behavior and mental processes are related to
physical health
Group A
• You will create a job
advertisement for a psychologist
in one of the areas of
specialization that we have
covered.
• You will specify in your ads what
the nature of the job will be but
not to specify which type of
specialist is being sought. Once
completed the class will attempt
to guess to specialists.
• You will also answer 2-3 guiding
questions as a writing
component.
Group B
• Exploring the field of psychology,
you will create a brochure that
explains a specialized area of
psychology as a future career
choice.
• This will serve as a guide book
that will explain the goals and
specializations.
• You are to cover: education and
training requirements, salary,
work setting, and types of jobs
available in the area of
specialization.
1/27/15
WARM UP
Socrates’ directive to “know thyself” is useful
advice. What role does introspection play in
helping people learn about themselves?
ACT word of the day: renunciation (noun)
Disownment; disavowal.
Question: How has the study of
psychology developed over time?
PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPED OVER TIME
Began in ancient Greece
Revived during the scientific advances of the
1500s, 1600s and 1700s
Contributions were made by modern
psychologists such as William James, B.F.
Skinner, and Sigmund Freud
History of Psychology Continued:
Even though modern psychology is a relatively
new science, there has always been an
interest in finding out why people think and
behave the way that they do.
In fact, there is evidence that Socrates, Plato,
and Aristotle studied psychology more than
2000 years ago.
History Continued…..
• Socrates used introspection—or “looking
within”—to build on his theories on
psychology.
• Aristotle took these ideas further and actually
used observation to study and prove his
theories.
History Continued…..
• While many groups in history attributed
psychological problems to supernatural forces,
the Greek physician Hippocrates theorized
that such problems were due to brain
abnormalities.
The birth of modern psychology:
• The scientific approach led to the birth of
modern psychology in the 1800’s.
• The first experimental psychology lab was
established in Leipzig, Germany by Wilhelm
Wundt who used introspection to test his
theories.
Modern Psychology Continued:
• Wundt was the father of structuralism which
held that consciousness breaks down into
objective sensations and subjective feelings.
• Later, William James established the
functionalist school of though. Functionalists
used observation and were concerned “what’s
and why’s.” What are the purposes of
behavior and mental processes?
Modern Psychology Continued:
Later, contributions were made by such
visionaries as John B. Watson (Behaviorism),
BF Skinner (Reinforcement), and Sigmund
Freud (Psychoanalysis), and many others.
The Gestalt perspective, which defines
perceptions as wholes that give shape and/or
meaning to the parts, has also grown into a
modern philosophy.
Activity: Observable behavior
• Observe the person sitting at the table or seat
next to you for 5 min.
• Write down everything they do for 5 min.
• Remain objective and make no inferences as
to what is on the subjects mind.
• Be prepared to discuss any limitations
involved in explaining behavior only on the
basis of observable behavior.
1/29/15
• ACT word of the day
• ephemeral (adj)Short-lived; existing or
continuing for a short time only
Warm Up
• Look at the photo, what information can you
infer about the mental and emotional states
of the children?
• How are the children behaving differently
than adults would in the same situation?
• What questions would a psychologist raise
while looking at the same photo?
Answers
• Cognitive psychologist would be interested in
the ways in which children view the world.
• Children view the world with amazement due
to new sensory input.
• Adults may have a moment of nostalgia but
less stimulated by previously experienced
sensory input.
Question: What are the seven main
contemporary perspectives in
psychology?
SEVEN MAIN CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES IN
PSYCHOLOGY
– Biological – nervous system, glands, hormones,
genetic factors
– Evolutionary – physical traits, social behavior
– Cognitive – interpretation of mental images,
thinking, language
– Humanistic – self-concept
Question: What are the seven main
contemporary perspectives in
psychology?
– Psychoanalytic – environmental influences, learning,
observational learning
– Learning – effects of experience on behavior
– Sociocultural – ethnicity, gender, culture,
socioeconomic status
Question:
What are the goals of psychology?
Observe
Describe
Goals of
Psychology
Explain
Predict
Control
23
Chapter 1
Independent work
PERSPECTIVE
SUBJECT MATTER
KEY ASSUMPTIONS
Biological
Nervous systems,
glands, hormones,
genetic factors
Biological
processes influence
behavior and
mental processes
Evolutionary
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Learning
Sociocultural
Writing exercise
• Using B.F. Skinner’s concept of reinforcement
explain how children, animals and A. I.
computer programs are similar in their
learning and behavior.
• How do the concept of theory and principle
differ?
Exit ticket
• Which of the following is an example of a
cognitive activity?
A. Crying
B. Dreaming
C. Exercising
D. Laughing
Homework
• Please read pages 8-21 by Friday 1/30/15
• Friday bring your books for review
• Test will be next week on chapter 1
1/30/15
• WARM UP:
– How does the knowledge of cultural differences
enrich the study of psychology?
• Be cause it gives you a broader understanding
of the forces that shape human behavior and
mental processes.
• http://youtu.be/cM1qfhyocKw?list=PLCE2BA7
DF2A04D7F2
• http://youtu.be/DfgQh4UkdjQ?list=PLCE2BA7
DF2A04D7F2
Sense of self
• Writing assignment:
– Write at least 3 well thought put paragraphs as to
how you see yourself. Be critical in your evaluation
as if you were describing yourself to a
psychologist. Be sure to include the good and the
bad.
– The write 2 paragraphs on how others perceive
you. Good and bad. Does culture play a role in
their perceptions? What can you do to better
inform their perception.
Individual work
• Page 22: Thinking critically 1-4
• Page 23: Analyzing Primary Sources # 3