The Four Varnas
Although every Hindu must follow general moral codes, each has individual duties according to his or her own nature. These are
called sva-dharma, literally "own duties." They are regulated by the system of four varnas (social classes) and four ashrams
(stages of life).
The ideal varnasrama system is discussed here. (For more information on actual practice and related issues of caste and
untouchability; please see Reincarnation and Samsara). Below we list the main duties of each of the four varnas.
Shudras (Artisans and Workers)
The shudras are the only section of society allowed to accept another's employment; other varnas are occupationally and
financially self-sufficient.

To render service to others.

To take pride in their work and to be loyal.

To follow general moral principles, (e.g. not to steal).

To marry (the only compulsory rite of passage).
Vaishyas (Farmers, Merchants, and Business People)
The vaishyas are the productive class. They and the two varnas below are called twice-born, indicating that they accept the
sacred thread (symbolising spiritual initiation) and must perform certain rituals and rites of passage.

To protect animals (especially cows), and the land.

To create wealth and prosperity.

To maintain workers with abundant food, clothes, etc.

To trade ethically.

To give taxes to the kshatriyas (ruling class).

Kshatriyas (Warriors, Police, and Administrators)
The kshatriyas are the nobility, the protectors of society. Though permitted a number of privileges, they are expected to display
considerable strength of body and character.

To protect the citizens from harm, especially women, children, cows, brahmanas, and the elderly.

To ensure that the citizens perform their prescribed duties and advance spiritually.

To be the first into battle and never to flee the battlefield.

To be true to their royal word.

To never refuse a challenge.

To develop noble qualities such as power, chivalry, and generosity.

To levy taxes (from the vaishyas only) and to never accept charity under any circumstances.

To take counsel, especially from the brahmanas.

To know the scriptures, especially the artha-shastras.

To deal uncompromisingly with crime and lawlessness.

To take responsibility for shortcomings in their kingdom.

To conquer their own minds and senses and to enjoy only according to scriptural injunction.

To beget an heir.
Brahmanas (Priests, Teachers, and Intellectuals)
The brahmanas provide education and spiritual leadership. They determine the vision and values of any society. Traditionally
their basic needs were fulfilled so that they could dedicate themselves to their spiritual tasks.They are expected to live very
frugally.

To study and teach the Vedas.

To perform sacrifice and religious ceremonies, and teach others how to perform such rituals.

To accept alms and also give in charity.

To offer guidance, especially to the kshatriyas.

To provide medical care and general advice free of charge.

To know Brahman (spirit, the self, God).

To never accept paid employment.

To develop all ideal qualities, especially honesty, integrity, cleanliness, purity, austerity, knowledge and wisdom.