Date: November 17, 2015
Aim #26: How can we describe structure and
function of organelles?
Do Now: Warm-Up Notebook
Date
Title of Activity
11/17
Cell Structure 101
Page #
47
HW:
1) Quiz next Tuesday 11/24 and Wednesday 11/25
2) “Song of the Cell” due Friday
Aim#26: How can we describe
the structure and function of cell
organelles?
1) ORGANIZATION
CHART
CELLS
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
ANIMAL CELL
PLANT CELL
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
BACTERIA
Prokaryotes
• All Bacteria
• They DO NOT have membrane bound organelles.
• They DO have:
• Cell Membranes
• Cell Walls
• DNA
• Ribosomes
2 Types of Eukaryotic Cells:
• Animal Cell
• Plant Cell
• Both are complex, but there are
differences
2) What are those things inside the cell?
• Organelles- Specialized structures in cells that
perform important cellular functions.
Life Functions
• Nutrition – to get nutrients for energy
• Transport – to move materials from A to B
• Cell respiration – Energy: ATP
• Excretion – to get rid of metabolic waste
• Synthesis – to build, to make
• Regulation – to control
• Growth – to increase in size or number
• Reproduction – to make offspring
CELL MEMBRANE
(AKA: Plasma Membrane)
FUNCTION:
•Barrier to protect the cell.
•Controls what comes in and out.
CYTOPLASM
FUNCTION:
To protect and support the
organelles within the cell.
•
•Where chemical reactions take
place
NUCLEUS
• Found in eukaryotic cells only!
• Function: Controls most cell
processes and contains the
hereditary information - DNA
(THE BRAIN)
• Nucleolus• made up of RNA and protein
• Where ribosomes are made
• Nuclear envelope (nuclear
membrane)
• selectively permeable
membrane around the nucleus
• Has pores that allow materials
in and out
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
FUNCTION:
• Transportation route of
cell. Materials travel
through it.
• 2 Types:
• Rough ER (has ribosomes)makes proteins
• Smooth ER- makes lipids
and steroid hormones
RIBOSOMES
FUNCTION:
• They FORM proteins
• Can be found in cytoplasm or on
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)
GOLGI BODY/COMPLEX/APPARATUS
FUNCTION:
• Proteins from ER come here.
Modifies and packages the proteins,
gives them a direction to follow.
MITOCHONDRIA
FUNCTION:
• Powerhouse of the cell
• Where cellular respiration occurs
• Makes energy (ATP) from food and
oxygen.
LYSOSOMES
FUNCTION:
• Contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes that can
break down nutrients. Also they break down
dead organelles. (Intracellular digestion)
• Cell apoptosis- programmed cell death
• Peroxisomes- contain peroxidase enzymes
Cytoskeleton
• Internal scaffolding
• Made of rigid proteins
• Keeps cell shape and keeps
organelles in their proper
places
• Microtubules,
microfilaments,
intermediate filaments
VACUOLES
FUNCTION:
• Store materials such as
water, salt, proteins, and
carbohydrates.
• MANY SMALL ONES IN
ANIMAL CELLS, AND ONE BIG
ONE IN PLANT CELLS.
• Vesicles- tiny vacuoles
CENTRIOLES
FUNCTION:
•
Involved in animal cell division
•Made of microtubules
• FOUND ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
CHLOROPLASTS
FUNCTION:
• Use energy from sunlight to make
energy-rich food molecules in a
process known as
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Contains the pigment chlorophyll
• FOUND IN PLANT CELLS!
• Type of plastid (double membrane
found only in plants and algae)
CELL WALL
FUNCTION:
• Provides support and
protection for the cell
and allows materials in
and out of the cell.
• FOUND IN PLANT CELLS
CILIA & FLAGELLA
FUNCTION:
• Made of protein and help
with the movement of
individual cells
• Flagellum- long tail to
swim
• Cilia- lots of little
“hairs” all over the cell
Animal cell
Plant cell
What do plant and animal cells have in
common?
AMIMAL CELL
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
PLANT CELL
Cell Membrane
X
Cytoplasm
X
Nucleus
X
Endoplasmic Reticulum
X
Ribosome
X
Mitochondria
X
Lysosomes
X
Vacuole
X
Centriole
Chloroplast
X
Cell Wall
X
What cell is a plant cell?
Animal Cell? How did you know?
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Directions: Fill in the missing life functions that correspond to each of the
organelles below.
Life Function
Organelle
Synthesis
Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
Lysosomes (digestive enzymes)
Nucleus (genetic info)
Cell membrane
Centrioles (animal cell division)
Nucleus (genetic info)
Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
Transport
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell Membrane
Nutrition
Regulation
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Reproduction
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Nucleus (genetic info)
Directions: Read each clue below and figure out who is talking!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
I am a concept based on the work of several scientists. I have three parts.
________________
We are the basic units of structure and function of all living things.
________________
I provide protection and support. I am made of cellulose and can be found in
plant cells. ________________
I am the clean up crew. I digest old cell parts. ________________
We are the tiny structures that make up cells. There are several of us.
________________
I am found inside the nucleus. ________________
I am a clear, thick, jelly-like substance. I am found between the cell membrane
and the nucleus. ______________
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
We are produced in the nucleolus, we make proteins and are
found in the cytoplasm. ________________
I am the process that plants use to make their food. I need
chlorophyll in order to occur. ________________
I am the “highways” of the cell. ________________
I am responsible for the passage of material into and out of
the nucleus. Nobody enters or leaves without my
permission. ________________
I control all of the activities of the cell. I have been called the
brains of the entire operation. ________________
I guard the cell from intruders. I decide who enters the cell
and who leaves. I am present in BOTH plant and animal cells.
________________
We are known as the “powerhouse” of the cell. We make
energy in the form of ATP. ________________
I am a non-living material making up cell walls. I am stiff and
strong, a form of starch. ________________