UNIT 5 – CELL STRUCTURE
Intro videos and animations
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMIDUPG6c9o
 Inner
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workings of a cell
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28732assignment-discovery-elements-of-cells-video.htm
http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm
Warm-Up #13 sept. 14
Cell

The smallest unit of life. Some
living organisms are made of
only one cell (unicellular) and
some are made of many cells
(multicellular) . Cells can have
very different shapes/functions,
but there are 4 things they
have in common: DNA,
cytoplasm, cell membrane, and
ribsomes.
Important Scientists

Robert Hooke –
First to observe
cells – looked at
cork and gave
individual units
the name “cells”
Important Scientists

Anton von
Leeuwenhoek – First
to observe living
cells – looked at
scrapings from his
cheek
Cell Theory
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1. All organisms are made of cells
2. Cells are the structural and functional units of
organisms.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Types of cells:
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Prokaryotic: Small
simple cells that
are bacteria; do
NOT have a
nucleus or
membrane-bound
organelles;
Contain a single
chromosome and
rings of DNA known
as plasmids
Eukaryotic:
Eukaryotic: Larger more complex cells that
form plants, animals, fungi and protists;
 Have a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles

Structures in All Cells

Cell membrane – forms
the barrier to separate
inside the cell from the
outside environment
Structures in All Cells

Cytoplasm – the filling of the cell, mostly
water
Structures in All Cells

DNA – molecule
with directions to
control the cell
Structures in All Cells

Ribosome – organelle that builds proteins
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Pg. 2c and 2D
 Color and label first, complete venn diagram
 Make a Cell organelle STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
chart
Cell
Function
organelle
 INCLUDE ALL 13
Cell
Regulates
membrane
what enters
Organelles listed
and leaves
cell
On pg. 2C
Use YOUR textbook!

Get out Journals for Lab
Ticket out the Door

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
Sketch this cell.
Label it as prokaryotic or
eukaryotic.
Label the four parts that all
cells have.
Ribosome

One of the organelles
that ALL cells have.
This is where proteins
are made. Some
important functions of
proteins are to be
_________,
____________ or
______________.
Warm-up
Sept. 17
# 14
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
-Simple
-Prokaryotic" means
"before a nucleus”.
-These cells DO NOT
have a NUCLEUS.
BACTERIA cells are the
ONLY example.
-Complex
-Eukaryotic" means
"possessing a true nucleus”.
-These cells DO have a
nucleus.
Examples: all living organisms
have these cells EXCEPT
bacteria.
Cell Organellesdo the work of the cells

Nucleus (Found only in eukaryotic) – region
containing and protecting the DNA
Cell Membrane

(Found in ALL cells) – made of two layers of
phospholipids – controls what exits/enters;
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
Ribosomes

(Found in ALL cells) – provides a place for
amino acids to be joined into a protein
Lysosome

(found in
eukaryotic cells)
– contains
digestive
enzymes to
digest waste and
cell structures
A Job for Lysosomes
6 weeks
15 weeks


ER (endoplasmic reticulum):
change proteins, detoxify
alcohol and communication
Golgi Body/Complex:
packaging center
Vacuole

Membrane used to store food, water or waste
Mitochondria

has folded inner membrane for more surface
to create energy during respiration
Organelles interact with each other to
carry out cell functions:


Examples:
DNA codes for proteins which are made at the
ribosome, these proteins can then be used as
enzymes in the mitochondria
endoplasmic
reticulum
nucleus
protein
on its way!
DNA
RNA
vesicle
TO:
TO:
TO:
vesicle
ribosomes
TO:
finished
protein
protein
Making Proteins
Golgi
apparatus
How are plant and animal cells
different?
PLANT Cell Structures
Cell wall (plants): rigid
structure made of
cellulose to support plant
cells
Chloroplast (plants): has
stacks of membranes for
more surface area to
create food during
photosynthesis
Structure found ONLY in animal cell
Centriole:
helps with cell
division; found
only in animals
Plant vs. Animal Cells
ONLY in plant/plant- ONLY in animal/
like cells
animal-like cells
• Cell wall
• Chloroplast
• Centriole
But what else do
plant cells contain?
But what else do
animal cells contain?
Plant vs. Animal Cell Clip
Cell Construction
Ticket Out the Door
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Word bank: prokaryotic, eukaryotic, nucleus,
mitochondria, cell membrane, DNA, Ribosome
1. Bacteria are examples of ________ cells
because they do NOT have a nucleus.
2. Our cells are __________ becaue we have a
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
3. EVERY cell has four things in common: a cell
membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and ______.
4. The energy maker of the cell is the _________.
Ticket out the door
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Sketch the following
organelles.
Label its name and
function.
Identify what type of cell
this would be in.
(ALL cells, only prokaryotic, only
eukaryotic, only plant or only animal)
Warm-up
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Sept.
Mitochondria
Energy maker
Powerhouse of the cell
Respiration occurs here
Folded membranes
increase surface area so
LOTS of ATP can be made
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th
18
#15
Chloroplast
Sugar Maker
Photosynthesis occurs here
Thylakoid membranes are stacked in
grana to increase surface area
which means LOTS of SUGARS can
be made
Compare and Contrast :
Plant and animal cells
Organelles

Organelles do the work of cells

each structure has a job to do

keeps the cell alive; keeps you alive
They’re like
mini-organs!
Model Animal Cell
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
centrioles
cell division
ribosomes
builds proteins
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages
& ships proteins
nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
nucleolus
make ribosomes
ribosomes
make proteins
cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
central vacuole
storage: food,
water or waste
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship
proteins
cell wall
support
mitochondria
make ATP in
cellular respiration
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes signals
endoplasmic reticulum
processes proteins
makes membranes
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
lysosome
digestion & clean up
Warm-up 9/19
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
Ribosome
One of the organelles
that ALL cells have.
This is where proteins
are made. Some
important functions of
proteins are to be
_________,
____________ or
______________.
#16
Cell Communication

Short distance:
Cells that touch or
have a very small
distance can use
chemical or
electrical signals
Long distance:

communication
across long
distances require
long-lasting
chemicals like
hormones
Cell communication example: The fight
or flight response

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/
cellcom/
If all living organisms are made of cells, then
what makes them so different?


cells are SPECIALIZED, this
means their structure fits
their function. Cells
throughout the organism
perform different jobs .
The cells of multicellular
organisms have the SAME
DNA, but some of their
genes are turned on, and
some turned off. This
allows cells to be
specialized.
EXAMPLES:
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Red blood cells are specialized
with the protein hemoglobin to
transport oxygen.
Nerve cells are long and thin and
have extensions to send messages
Muscle cells have LOTS of
mitochondria because they need a
TON of energy.
Sperm cells have a flagella to
swim toward the egg
Some plants have XYLEM cells,
they are long thin tubes to carry
water.
STEM cells:


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Cells that have not yet
become specialized or
differentiated. Under the
right environment they can
become any type of cell.
Embryos contain stem cells.
Stem cells found in adult
organisms, like in bone
marrow, are called adult
stem cells
Cell Summary

Cells have 3 main jobs
 make
energy
 need
food + O2
 cellular respiration & photosynthesis
 need to remove wastes
 make
proteins
 need
instructions from DNA
 need to chain together amino acids & “finish”
& “ship” the protein
 make
Our organelles
do all those
jobs!
more cells
 need
to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells
Cell specialization
Brain pop video

http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/dl/free/0078694639/164155/000
35805.html
Flashcard Warm-up
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Stem cells
Use your notes to
EXPLAIN what they
are and why research
is so controversial
What are two types
of stem cells?
9/20
In Vitro Fertilization Process
9/19
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Bio Apps- Check your answers ---HONOR CODE,
ONLY a red pencil or pen at the lab station with you!!
Unit review pg. 2A
Cell Quiz
Unit 1 Test corrections- Find a VOCABULARY word, or
concept from that question and LOOK up the word and
WRITE a definition or EXPLANATION. UNDERLINE the
words!
Correct your essay as well to earn points back.
Work on unit 2.2 Preview pg. 2E in handbook
Cell Organelle Analysis
EXPLAIN HOW the following organelles work together to
perform the life functions of the cell. Must use complete
sentences
 1. Nucleus and Ribosomes
 2. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies
 3. Endoplasmic reticulum and Ribosomes
 4. Golgi bodies and lysosomes
 5. Nucleus and Endoplasmic reticulum
 6. Endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane
 7. Chloroplast and vacuole
 8. Cell membrane and Mitochondria
Ticket Out the Door
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Match the cell organelle
with the correct function
1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplast
3. Cell Membrane
4. Ribosomes
5. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
6. Golgi Body
7. Lysosomes
8. Vacuole

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A. digestion
B. protein synthesis
C. regulates what enters
and leaves the cell
D. packages
E. Storage
F. Energy (Respiration)
G. Photosynthesis
H. Synthesize lipids and
proteins, transport, and
communicate
Review!!
Yes, you need to write all of the organelles names and function
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Match the cell organelle
with the correct function
1. Mitochondria
2. Chloroplast
3. Cell Membrane
4. Ribosomes
5. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
6. Golgi Body
7. Lysosomes
8. Vacuole

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A. digestion
B. protein synthesis
C. regulates what enters
and leaves the cell
D. packages
E. Storage
F. Energy (Respiration)
G. Photosynthesis
H. Synthesize lipids and
proteins, transport, and
communicate
Big Unit Review
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Choose two vocabulary words that were not part of
your assigned vocab and draw a picture for them.
Choose three words and write a sentence with them.
Create two questions of your own and answer ONE
of them.
Create a news headline and paragraph about a
major topic from this unit.