Bellwork 11/12/14
1. Did you choose to write a
Prequel or a Sequel to
“The Croods”?
2. What is the title?
3. Name the dominate
organisms and major
Geologic events that
occurred during your
movie.
**When you are finished
update your Target Test
scores!
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
4. Croods Worksheet
Plate Tectonics
Learning Targets for this Unit
• LT10- Describe Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift.
– - Justify (with evidence) that continental drift occurs.
• LT11- Describe the properties and composition of the major
layers of the Earth (crust, mantle, and core).
– - Explain how scientists know about the Earth’s interior without
viewing it.
• LT12- Explain how convection causes plates to move.
– - Explain how thermal heat can be transferred (conduction,
convection and radiation)
• LT13- Explain how plate tectonics are involved in the
formation of the Earth’s structure.
– Describe landforms that are formed at plate boundaries
(convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries)
What in the WORLD??
Watch the video clip
and write down what
is happening.
Explain the
phenomena!
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFCP8l0vNTU&feature=fvwrel
PLATE TECTONICS
• Has the Earth
always looked
like it looks
today??
• NO!
• The plates have
moved… BUT
HOW????????
We need to do some Research!
Chapter 4: Section 2 (Pages 104-107)
1. Cite evidence from the reading
that supports the idea that the
Earth structure is ALWAYS
CHANGING!
2. Highlight key vocabulary
3. Study for Target Test 10 (Friday)
LT10- Describe Alfred Wegener’s
theory of continental drift.
- Justify (with evidence) that
continental drift occurs.
Bellwork 11/13/14
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
1. Who came up with the theory of continental drift?
Alfred Wegener
2. List 3 pieces of evidence that shows that the Earth’s structure is
always changing.
-fossil evidence
-Sea-floor spreading
-Magnetic striping
What in the WORLD??
Watch the video clip
and write down what
is happening.
Explain the
phenomena!
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFCP8l0vNTU&feature=fvwrel
PLATE TECTONICS
• Plate Tectonics– theory that explains the
formation and movement of
earth’s plates
• Continental Drift– Alfred Wegener's theory that
continents were once joined in a
single supercontinent, called
Pangaea, which then broke into
pieces that moved apart.
– Move 0.4 to 6.3 in. per year
Evidence of Continental Drift
1. Fossil Evidence- Many
fossils matched up perfectly
once the continents were
put together.
• The continents also fit
together like puzzle
pieces.
Evidence of Continental Drift
2. Sea-Floor Spreadingthe process by which new
oceanic crust is formed as
magma rises toward the
surface and solidifies.
– There is a chain of
submerged mountains
that runs through the
center of the Atlantic
Ocean.
Evidence of Continental Drift
3. Magnetic Reversals- Throughout Earth’s history, the North
and South poles have switched places many times!
– Molten rock contains grains of magnetic minerals
– When the molten rock cools, the minerals align with the
magnetic field of the Earth leaving behind a record that is “set
in stone”.
……But at this time
scientists were still
trying to explain
HOW the continents
moved.
They did have an idea… convection currents!
Let’s collect some data!!
• Answer the question on the right side
of the white board.
• Put a tally next to your choice!
Activity: Chapter 4: Section 2
• Output: Answer the questions on page 107
• Reminders:
– Write in complete sentences
– Write the question AND answer
Bellwork 11/14/14
• You have 5 minutes
to review for Target
Test 10!
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
4. Ch. 4 Section 2 Questions
LT10- Describe Alfred Wegener’s theory
of continental drift.
- Justify (with evidence) that continental
drift occurs.
Target Test 10
LT10- Describe Alfred Wegener’s theory
of continental drift.
- Justify (with evidence) that continental
drift occurs.
Bellwork 11/17/14
1. You are going on a
journey to the center
of the Earth!!
2. Describe what it
would be like as you
traveled through each
layer!
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
We will be taking a look at the Earth in
2 different ways…
• Composition- what the Earth’s layers are made of
• Physical Structure- Layers of the Earth based on
their movement
Let’s have a slice!!
Composition of the Earth
Crust
Mantle
Core
The Crust
• The outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth
• Only 1% of the Earth’s volume!
Continental Crust:
• Crust beneath the continents
• Low Density
• 2-4 miles thick
Oceanic Crust:
• Crust beneath the ocean
• High Density
• 12-25 miles thick
The Mantle
• Located underneath the crust
• More dense than the crust
• Mostly a solid (like silly putty)
• 80% of the Earth’s volume
• ***Convection Currents found
here!
The Core
• Center of the planet
• Composed of iron (Fe) and Nickel(Ni)
Layers of the Earth Song
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=Q9j1xGaxYzY
Now that we know the layers…
These layers are grouped by their physical
properties
• Lithosphere
• Asthenosphere
• Mesosphere
• Outer Core
• Inner Core
Physical Structure of the Earth
Crust
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Core
Inner Core
• Lithosphere- the crust and
upper layer of the mantle
• Rigid rock
• Asthenosphere- Area that of
the middle mantle
• Plastic rock
• involved in tectonic
movement, plates
“float”
• Mesosphere- area of the
mantle under the
asthenosphere
• Rigid rock
The Outer Core
• The outer core is so hot
(4,000 degrees F to 9,000
degrees F) that the metal
elements are molten,
which means they are
liquid.
• Composed of iron and
nickel
• The outer core is 2,300
km thick
The Inner Core
• The innermost part of the Earth and
is 1200km thick (size of the moon)
• Composed of iron
• Over 9000 degrees F
• …… but it’s a SOLID???!!!!
• The melting point of materials vary depending on the
pressure.
• The extremely high pressures in the Earth's inner
core drive the melting point of the iron up beyond
the temperature that occurs in the inner core.
How to remember the 5 physical
Structures of the Earth…in order
• Using the hand method
1st Layer
LITHOSPHERE
2nd Layer
ASTHENOSPHERE
3rd Layer
What would three scared foreigners say if they don’t speak english
and are trapped under two of Earth’s physical structures?
MESOSPHERE (ME SO FEAR)
4TH Layer
What was Lincoln know for saying?
Four S
CORE and 7 years ago. (Outer)
5th Layer
• No you’re not hardcore unless you
have been to the…
INNER CORE
How to remember the 5 physical
Structures of the Earth…in order
• Using the hand method
1st Layer
LITHOSPHERE
2nd Layer
ASTHENOSPHERE
3rd Layer
What would three scared foreigners say if they don’t speak english
and are trapped under two of Earth’s physical structures?
MESOSPHERE (ME SO FEAR)
4TH Layer
What was Lincoln know for saying?
Four S
CORE and 7 years ago. (Outer)
5th Layer
• No you’re not hardcore unless you
have been to the…
INNER CORE
Density
The density of the Earth
increases as you move
towards the core!
Which is the most dense?
Least dense?
Where is it the hottest?
• The Earth gets hotter as
you go deeper!
– Crust ( ~347o F)
– Mantle (~2280o F)
– Outer core (~7000o F)
• So hot that the rocks
actually melt!
– Inner core (~10,800o F)
• So hot that the rocks melt
BUT so much pressure that
they remain a solid!
Why is the Interior so hot?
• It contains radioactive isotopes.
– Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium
• Their nuclei break up (decay)
releasing energy as they become
smaller nuclei.
• Earth is huge…so there is a lot of
energy being released.
Seismic waves
How do we know what the Earth
interior looks like if we have never
been there!??!
The changes in the
speed of seismic waves
that travel through
Earth’s interior have
been measured and
scientists have figured
out it is made up of
different layers based
on their speed.
Target Test 11 TOMORROW!!
LT11- Describe the
properties and
composition of the
major layers of the Earth
(crust, mantle, and
core).
• - Explain how
scientists know about
the Earth’s interior
without viewing it.
Quick Quiz
Label each of the 3 layers of the Earth
(composition!)
Where do we get ALL our ENERGY??
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
How do the plates move???? Scientists
aren’t quite sure…
• …but they think it
might be due to
convection currents.
• Found in the mantle!
Convection currents are caused by the very hot
material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then
cooling, sinking again and then heating, rising and
repeating the cycle over and over.
Convection Currents
• When the convection currents flow in the mantle they also
move the crust.
• A conveyor belt in a factory moves boxes like the convection
currents in the mantle moves the plates of the Earth.
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0dWF_3PYh4
Let’s see this in action!
 Water rises because it’s
less dense… then cools
and sinks as it becomes
more dense.
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v=7xWWowXtuvA
Practice Worksheet!
Bell work 11/18/14
Draw two slices of the Earth!
1. Label the layers of
composition.
2. Label the layers of physical
structure.
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
Target Test 11 TODAY!!
LT11- Describe the
properties and
composition of the
major layers of the Earth
(crust, mantle, and
core).
• - Explain how
scientists know about
the Earth’s interior
without viewing it.
Target Test 12: (tomorrow)
convection currents
Bell work 11/19/14
1. How hot is the inner core
of the Earth?
–
10,800 degrees F
2. Why is it so hot inside the
Earth. **Be specific!!
– It contains radioactive isotopes.
• Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium
– Their nuclei break up (decay)
releasing energy as they become
smaller nuclei.
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
Target Test 12: convection
currents
Plate Tectonics Reading (due Thursday)
1.
2.
3.
Read article
Highlight main ideas/vocabulary
Answer the questions
Bell work 11/20/14
1. Describe what is happening at a
divergent boundary.
Plates are moving apart
2. Describe what is happening at a
transform boundary.
Plates are sliding past each other
3. Describe what is happening at a
convergent boundary.
Plates are moving towards each
other
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
4. Plate Boundary
Worksheet
Plate Tectonics Reading (due today!)
1.
2.
3.
Read article
Highlight main ideas/vocabulary
Answer the questions
The movement of the Earth’s plates cause…
• The creation of new crust
• The destruction of old crust
The movement of the Earth’s plates cause…
• Sea-floor spreading- creates new oceanic crust
at mid-ocean ridges.
• Subduction- destroys old oceanic crust at
subduction zones.
Sea-floor Spreading
• Would you expect the middle of the ocean to
be its deepest point?
– Why or why not?
Mid-Ocean ridges are found in the Ocean
Subduction
• Trench– as a plate sinks through
a subduction zone, it
bends forming a
depression in the ocean
floor.
• What is the deepest
point in the ocean?
– Mariana’s Trench
3 Different Types of Boundaries
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.boundaries/tectonicplates-and-plate-boundaries/
1. Divergent Boundary – two plates are moving
APART from one another
Arabian and African Plates
2. Convergent Boundary – Two plates are
moving TOWARDS one another
Indian and Eurasian Plates
What happens when plates run into plates?
Mount Everest from
space.
Highest point on Earth
29,028 ft above sea level.
• Mariana Trench 
– Lowest point on Earth.
• 35,798 ft below sea level.
3. Transform Boundary – Two plates are moving
PAST each other HORIZONATALLY
San Andreas Fault
Foldable!!! (output side)
Divergent
Boundary
Transform
Boundary
Convergent
Boundary
Add a picture of each boundary!!
**Use arrows to show movement
1. Definition
2. What features
are formed?
3. Draw a picture of
one of the features.
1. Definition
2. What features
are formed?
3. Draw a picture of
one of the features.
1. Definition
2. What features
are formed?
3. Draw a picture of
one of the features.
Bell work 11/21/14
1. What tectonic plate
is North America
located on?
North American Plate
2. What tectonic plate
is Africa located on?
African Plate
3. What tectonic plate
is Hawaii located on?
Pacific Plate
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
X
X
X
Foldable!!! (output side)
Divergent
Boundary
Transform
Boundary
Convergent
Boundary
Add a picture of each boundary!!
**Use arrows to show movement
1. Definition
2. What features
are formed?
3. Draw a picture of
one of the features.
1. Definition
2. What features
are formed?
3. Draw a picture of
one of the features.
1. Definition
2. What features
are formed?
3. Draw a picture of
one of the features.
A review of Plate Boundaries
Target Test 12
LT12- Explain how convection causes plates to move.
- Explain how thermal heat can be transferred
(conduction, convection and radiation)
Coloring the Plate boundariesworksheet
Three Types of Boundaries
• Divergent Plate Boundary
• Convergent Plate Boundary
• Transform Plate Boundary
• Complex or Uncertain Plate Boundary
• Mantle Hot Spot
Target Test 13
• LT13- Explain how plate tectonics are involved in the
formation of the Earth’s structure.
• Describe landforms that are formed at plate boundaries
(convergent, divergent, and transform boundaries)
Bell work 11/6/13
1. Describe what is happening at a
divergent boundary.
Plates are moving apart
2. Describe what is happening at a
transform boundary.
Plates are sliding past each other
3. Describe what is happening at a
convergent boundary.
Plates are moving towards each
other
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
Bell work 11/7/13
1. What tectonic plate
is North America
located on?
North American Plate
2. What tectonic plate
is Africa located on?
African Plate
3. What tectonic plate
is Hawaii located on?
Pacific Plate
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
4. Plate Boundary Map
(HW)
Bell work 11/8/13
You have 10 minutes to
work on your study guide
before we play…
PLATE TECTONICS
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
4. Study Guide
Plate Boundaries
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prfgw8uKXA
8
Bell work 11/12/13
You have 10 minutes to
study (quietly) for the
Plate Tectonics Exam
On your desk:
1. P.R.I.D.E card
2. I.N.
3. Pencil/Pen
4. Study Guide
Review!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9j1xGaxYzY