UNIT 2
Organization of the Body
Body Systems

Cells
Tissues
Systems
Organs
Circulatory system
Lymphatic system
Digestive System
Endocrine System
Female and male reproductive systems
Musculoskeletal System
Nervous System
Respiratory System
Skin and sense organ
Urinary System
BODY CAVITIES
Cranial Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
DIVISION OF THE BACK




Spinal Column
Vertebrae
Disk
Cartilage
Divisions of the Back
Division
Bones
Abbreviation
Cervical (neck) region
7 bones
C1-C7
Thoracic (chest) region
12 bones
T1-T12
Lumbar (loin or waist) region
5 bones
L1-L5
Sacral (sacrum or lower back) region
5 fused bones
S1-S5
Coccygeal (coccyx or tailbone) region 4 fused bones
Planes of the Body

Frontal (coronal) plane
 Up
and down plane
 Divides body into front and back portions

Sagittal (lateral) plane
 Up
and down plane
 Divides body into right and left sides

Transverse (axial) plane
 Horizontal
plane
 Divides body into upper and lower portions
MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
A
technique for producing images of the body using
magnetic waves.
 Used to create images of organs and other structures in
specialized detail and in all planes of the body.
Terminlogy
Terminology

Abdomin/o – abdomen
 Abdominal

– pertaining to the abdomen
Anter/o – front
 Anterior
– located in the front (of the body or structure)
Terminology

Bronch/o – bronchial tubes
(leading from the windpipes to
the lungs)


Bronchoscopy – visual
examination of the bronchial
tubes
Cervic/o – neck of the
body/neck (cervix) of the
uterus

Cervical – pertaining to the neck
(see context)
Terminology

Chondr/o – cartilage
 Hypochondriac
 Pertaining
to the lateral regions of
the upper abdomen beneath the
lower ribs.
 Can
also describe a person who
has chronic concern about his or her
health and body functions.

Coccyg/o – coccyx, tailbone
 Coccygeal

– pertaining to the coccyx
Crani/o – skull
 Craniotomy
the skull
– surgical incision into
Terminology

Epitheli/o
 skin,

surface tissue
Epithelial
 Pertaining

Esophag/o


to skin cells
esophagus (tube from the throat to the stomach)
Esophageal
 Pertaining
to the esophagus
Terminology

Hepat/o
 liver

Hepatitis
 inflammation

of the liver
Lapar/o
 Abdomen

Laparoscopy
 Visual
examination of the abdomen
Terminology

Laryng/o


Laryngeal


Pertaining to the larynx
Later/o


Larynx (voice box)
side
Lateral

Pertaining to the side
Terminology

Lumb/o


Lumbar

Pertaining to the loins


Part of the back and sides between the chest and
the hip.
Lymph/o


Loin (waist)
Lymph (clear fluid in tissue spaces and lymph
vessels)
Lymphocyte


White blood cell that is found within lymph and
lymph nodes.
Example: T cells and B cells
Terminology

Mediastin/o
 Mediastinum

Mediastinal

Pelv/o
 Pelvis

Pelvic
( space between the lungs )
(bones of the hip)
Terminology

Peritone/o
 Peritoneum

Peritoneal

Pharyng/o
 Pharynx

Pharyngeal
(membrane surrounding the abdomen)
Terminology

Pleur/o
 Pleura
 Membrane
surrounding the lungs.

Pleuritis
Inflammation of the pleura.

Posteri/o

 Back/Behind

Posterior
Terminology





Sacr/o
Sacrum (five fused bones in the lower back)
Spin/o
Spine (backbone)
Spinal
Terminology

Thorac/o



Chest
Thoracotomy
Incision of the chest

Thoracic
Pertaining to the chest

Trache/o



Trachea
Tracheotomy opening of the windpipe.
Terminology

Vertebr/o
 Vertebra

Vertebral
(backbone)