HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
Multiple choice.
1. Which of the following is an at risk group for developing folic acid deficiency?
a. elderly
b. dark-skinned infants
c. people who live in Northern climates
d. pregnant women
2. In an unusual treatment, meat was swallowed by a healthy person and then retrieved and fed to a
sick person. This treatment was effective for
a. Pernicious anemia
b. Scurvy
c. Pellagra
d. Beriberi
3. For which nutrient did we discuss that women have a much higher requirement than men do?
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin C
4. Which of the following is an example of a heme iron source?
a. Fortified baby cereal
b. Enriched pasta
c. Spinach
d. Roast beef
5. Which of the following vitamins was fortified in bread products as a way to reduce neural tube
defects?
a. Vitamin B12
b. Thiamin
c. Vitamin E
d. Folic acid
6. Why is night blindness a consequence of vitamin A deficiency?
a. Vitamin A is required for formation of light sensitive compounds in the retina
b. Vitamin A is required for mucus production
c. Vitamin A is necessary for calcium absorption, and calcium is required for optic nerve
function
d. As an antioxidant, vitamin A reduces damage to the retina of the eye, so vision is
improved
7. Why do antioxidants likely reduce cancer risk?
a. Reduces the growth of tumors by oxidizing the free radicals that normally stimulate
growth
b. Attacks cancerous cells early in their development so they die and do not divide
c. Reduces damage to DNA to reduce likelihood of producing a cancer cell
d. Prevents oxidation of LDL particles, thus reducing growth rate of tumors
8. For which nutrient did we discuss that supplements are a risk because the margin between getting
enough and getting too much is so small, in other words getting too much is only about 2-3 times
more than what is recommended?
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. Vitamin C
d. riboflavin
9. In order to metabolize the amino acid alanine to maintain blood glucose levels, we need the
coenzyme made from
a. Thiamin
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
10.
11.
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b. Niacin
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin B6
A person who overconsumes alcohol is most likely to be deficient in which vitamin?
a. Thiamin
b. Riboflavin
c. Niacin
d. Vitamin C
Which vitamin is important to the production of collagen, a protein found in skin and bone?
a. Thiamin
b. Folacin
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin C
What area of the country did we say was especially at risk of having poor iodine levels in their
soil.
a. the east coast
b. Florida
c. the upper Midwest, like Minnesota
d. the Seattle area
Which of the following diseases would most likely cause irreversible damage, a person would
have long term problems after their diet improved?
a. Xerophthalmia
b. Pellagra
c. Beriberi
d. Megaloblastic anemia
Which of the following nutrients is involved in energy metabolism?
a. Vitamin B6
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin C
d. Thiamin OR Riboflavin
Vitamin D is required for
a. The absorption of calcium
b. The production of collagen
c. Fluid regulation
d. Vision
In the United States, iron is currently added to
a. Enriched breads and cereals
b. Milk
c. Eggs
d. All fortified foods
Liver is the single richest source of iron. Other foods that are good sources of iron include
a. Eggs
b. Dairy products
c. Foods cooked in cast iron skillets OR raisins
d. Cauliflower
The crystalline salts containing calcium and phosphorus deposited in bone are called
a. Calcium phosphate
b. Hydroxyapatite
c. Phosphocalcinate
d. Hydrobutyrate
What method could be used to determine the mineral content of a food?
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
a. Measure the calcium and phosphorus content only, since all others are present in very
small amounts
b. Use a neutron accelerator to estimate content
c. Each mineral must be determined individually and summed
d. The ash content could be measured
What compound increases in concentration in the blood during folic acid deficiency, these high
levels being a risk factor for heart disease?
a. Methionine
b. Tetracycline
c. Homocysteine
d. Low density lipoprotein
Fluoride is essential in the diet because it is a component of
a. Hydroxyapatite
b. Fluorapatite
c. Calcium fluorphosphate
d. Fluorcalcinate
Which vitamin toxicity leads to permanent nerve damage?
a. Vitamin B6
b. Vitamin A
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin C
___________ is the yellow-orange pigment found in carrots.
a. Vitamin A
b. Beta-carotene
c. Vitamin C
d. Alpha-tocopherol
When consumed with a meal, which beverage increases iron absorption most significantly?
a. Orange juice
b. Soda pop
c. Tea
d. Koolaid
When does your instructor recommend the use of vitamin supplements (pills)?
a. All adults should take a supplement containing no more than the RDA of any vitamin
b. All children should take a multivitamin supplement until they reach school age
c. All elderly (over 65) should have a routine injection of vitamin B12
d. All women planning to become pregnant should take a folic acid supplement
What did we conclude regarding taking beta-carotene supplements and cancer risk?
a. Supplements increased lung cancer incidence by up to 18 % in smokers
b. Supplements had the same effect on lung cancer incidence as consuming foods rich in
beta-carotene
c. Supplements reduced lung cancer incidence by up to 18% in smokers
d. Supplements had no effect on lung cancer incidence, only eating beta-carotene rich foods
is helpful
A deficiency of which of these nutrients leads to pellagra?
a. Thiamin
b. Riboflavin
c. Niacin
d. Vitamin B12
What do we mean when we talk about the fortification of food?
a. Adding back a nutrient lost in processing
b. Adding a nutrient above what is normally found in the food
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
29.
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c. Always adding vitamins A and D
d. It can only be used when referring to breakfast cereals
What did we conclude in class would be the highest source of calcium for a lactose intolerant
person?
a. Calcium fortified orange juice
b. Raisins
c. Broccoli
d. Spinach
Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy leads to
a. Neural tube defects in the newborn
b. Anemia in the newborn
c. Low birth weight in the newborn
d. Prematurity in the newborn
What did we conclude regarding calcium supplementation?
a. Your instructor does not recommend calcium supplements under any circumstance, they
are too likely to cause over intake
b. They are appropriate for those who have had an assessment and it is concluded that
it would be helpful
c. This is one case where your instructor feels that all women beginning at age 35 should
take a supplement
d. Since so many people develop osteoporosis, it is best for everyone to take a supplement
as an adult
Dermititis, dementia and diarrhea are the symptoms of
a. Beriberi
b. Scurvy
c. Rickets
d. Pellagra
In our class discussion, which vitamin deficiency was named after the cry heard of islanders who
were suffering from the paralysis resulting from deficiency
a. Pellagra
b. Scurvy
c. Rickets
d. Beriberi
For which vitamin is there concern because it is sensitive to exposure to fluorescent lights?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin D
c. Riboflavin
d. Folic acid
For which of the following vitamins did groups representing the elderly lobby against adding this
nutrient to our food supply through bread fortification because too much of this vitamin “masks”
the deficiency of another vitamin?
a. Vitamin E
b. Cyanocobalamin
c. Vitamin B6
d. Folic acid
For which of the following vitamins was the deficiency observed in newborns consuming a
poorly formulated infant formula?
a. Vitamin B6
b. Menaquinone
c. Vitamin D
d. Niacin
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
37. Why is xerophthalmia a consequence of vitamin A deficiency?
a. Vitamin A is required for formation of light sensitive compounds in the retina
b. Vitamin A is required for mucus production to keep the cornea moist
c. Vitamin A is necessary for calcium absorption, and calcium required for optic nerve
function
d. As an antioxidant, vitamin A reduces damage to the retina of the eye, so vision is
improved
38. In order to metabolize the amino acid glycene to maintain blood glucose levels, we need the
coenzyme made from
a. Thiamin
b. Niacin
c. Vitamin B12
d. Vitamin B6
39. Why are children of special concern for developing iron deficiency anemia?
a. They are finicky eaters, and are typically malnourished until school age
b. If they continue to consume milk as a staple, they have a low intake and absorb iron
poorly
c. They have an especially high need for iron because they are growing rapidly
d. It is recommended that children not consume meat because of its fat content, so they have
a low intake of iron if they follow dietary recommendations
40. What heroic act did Goldberger do to help in the discovery of niacin?
a. Injected himself with blood from someone with pellagra to see if he would catch it
b. Gave his personal fortune to research efforts to discover a cure for pellagra
c. Consumed excreta from someone with pellagra to see if he would catch it
d. Lived with a person with pellagra for one month to see if he would catch it
41. Which vitamin would be destroyed in a glass bottle of milk sitting in the sunshine?
a. Thiamin
b. Vitamin D
c. Riboflavin
d. Vitamin A
42. Which vitamin deficiency most commonly is treated by injection of the vitamin, since a
supplement would be ineffective?
a. Vitamin B12
b. Vitamin B6
c. Folic acid
d. Niacin
43. You just ate a meal of roast beef, spinach, and skim milk. The next three questions refer to this
meal. The roast beef would be best described as a good source of
a. Thiamin
b. Vitamin A
c. Vitamin D
d. Riboflavin
44. The spinach would be best described as a good source of
a. Thiamin
b. Riboflavin
c. Folic acid
d. Vitamin B6
45. The skim milk would be best described as a good source of
a. Vitamin K
b. Riboflavin
c. Vitamin C
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
d. Folic acid
46. A cheap and reliable calcium supplement, one that your instructor listed on the board as OK, in
other words not best, but fine, is:
a. Calcium tartrate
b. Calcium citrate
c. Dolomite
d. Calcium carbonate
47. Which mineral is most associated with community water supplies?
a. Fluoride
b. Iodine
c. Calcium
d. Phosphorus
48. What vitamin would you require less in your diet if you lived in Cancun, Mexico compared to
Boston?
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin A
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin E
49. Which of the following public health measures has NOT been very successful? In other words,
which of the following nutrients has been added to our diet by a public health measure, but
deficiency is still common in the US?
a. Iron
b. Iodine
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin A
50. Which of the following did we discuss as being good sources of the B vitamins, with the
exception of folic acid and riboflavin?
a. Meat
b. Vegetables, especially raw
c. Fresh fruits
d. Dairy
51. Which of the following nutrients is involved in metabolism of glucose to produce energy?
a. Vitamin B6
b. Vitamin B12
c. Vitamin C
d. Riboflavin
52. When consumed with a meal, which beverage decreases iron absorption most significantly?
a. Orange juice
b. Soda pop
c. Tea
d. Koolaid
53. What did we conclude regarding iron deficiency anemia often seen in athletes?
a. It is most likely due to poor intake of meat, especially women who tend to eat less meat
b. It is due to a dilution effect as blood volume increases with training
c. It is caused by the constant pounding on the feet, causing red blood cells to rupture
d. It is usually due to chronic bleeding from the GI tract, due to irritation and damage from
workouts
54. The closer you leave to the sea/ocean, the less likely you are to be deficient in which of the
following?
a. Fluoride
b. Iron
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
55.
56.
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62.
c. Iodine
d. Calcium
For which of the following public health practices to improve nutrient intake is it a communityby-community decision?
a. Fortification
b. Enrichment
c. Fluoridation
d. Iodination
What did we decide about infant formulas?
a. They are not a healthy alternative to breast milk
b. They are made from cow’s milk but with many modifications
c. They should be better quality controlled, there have been some recent incidents of bad
batches of formula
d. Providing infant formula to new mothers as they leave the hospital is an appropriate
marketing strategy
Which of the following lobby groups was opposed to the fortification of bread with a vitamin in
1998?
a. Pediatric groups
b. Elderly groups
c. Right to life groups
d. Agricultural groups
A low intake of calcium
a. Is the major cause of osteoporosis
b. Increases the risk of developing osteoporosis
c. Has nothing to do with osteoporosis, since it is a disease of aging
d. Is only important to women since men don’t develop osteoporosis
What did we conclude about milk products as a calcium source?
a. Skim milk is not as good as whole milk
b. Chocolate milk is not a good source of calcium
c. Frozen yogurt is an excellent source of calcium
d. Cheese is not a good source of calcium
Government subsidies were established to save farmers and the farmer industry. Which of the
following does the U.S. government subsidize the MOST?
a. Vegetables
b. Corn
c. Apples
d. Cotton
Why do antioxidants likely reduce cancer risk?
a. Reduces the growth of plaque by oxidizing the free radicals that normally stimulate
growth
b. Attacks plaque cells early in their development so they die
c. Reduces damage to DNA to reduce likelihood of the lining of the artery growing plaque
d. Prevents oxidation of LDL particles, thus reducing the uptake of cholesterol into
plaque
Which vitamin has a difficult time crossing the placental barrier, making it more likely that a
newborn will be deficient, even if the mother was consuming adequate amounts?
a. Vitamin D
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin B6
d. Vitamin K
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
63. Which of the following calcium supplements did your instructor list as likely the best, in terms of
absorption, but more expensive than most supplements?
a. Dolamite
b. Calcium citrate or tartrate
c. Coral calcium
d. Calcium phosphate
64. We discussed one vitamin that has become controversial of late. There is strong evidence that we
should increase our recommendation since higher intakes have been linked to reducing cancer
risk, among other health benefits. It seems a large number of Americans are not getting enough,
possibly because they are obese. What is that vitamin?
a. Thiamin
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin K
d. Niacin
65. Which of the following is an at risk group for developing Vitamin D deficiency?
a. Elderly
b. Dark-skinned infants
c. People who live far from the sea
d. Pregnant women
Match the nutrient with the associated phrase.
66. Vitamin D
a. C
67. Vitamin A
a. D
68. Vitamin E
a. B
69. Calcium
a. A
A.
B.
C.
D.
Absorption is blocked by oxalates
Reacts with free radicals
Using tanning beds decreases dietary needs
Yellow-orange fruits and vegetables are an important source; provitamin is primary dietary
source
Match the vitamin with the associated chemical name.
70. Vitamin A
a. C
71. Vitamin D
a. D
72. Vitamin E
a. A
73. Vitamin B6
a. B
74. Vitamin K
a. E
75. Niacin
a. F
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
76. Vitamin B12
a. G
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Tocopherol
Pyridoxine
Retinol
Cholecalciferol
Menaquinone
Nicotinic acid
Cyanocobalamin
Match the nutrient with the deficiency.
77. Vitamin D
a. B
78. Vitamin B12
a. A
79. Thiamin
a. D
80. Riboflavin
a. C
81. Vitamin A
a. E
82. Vitamin K
a. F
83. Iodine
a. G
84. Niacin
a. H
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Pernicious anemia; megalobastic anemia; nerve degeneration
Rickets; deformed bones
Cracks at angles of mouth
Beriberi; nerve degeneration
Dry, cracked cornea
Slow blood clotting
Enlarged thyroid gland
Dementia
Match the nutrient with the at risk group for deficiency on the right.
85. Niacin
a. B
86. Vitamin B12
a. A
87. Vitamin C
a. D
88. Vitamin D
a. C
A. Elderly
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
B. Those living in the “poor South” about 100 years ago
C. Dark-skinned infants
D. Sailors about 300 years ago
Match the nutrient with the most closely associated food source.
89. Fluoride (2)
a. C, G
90. Folic acid
a. D
91. Vitamin C
a. B
92. Iodine
a. A
93. Thiamin
a. F
94. Vitamin D (2)
a. E, J
95. Vitamin E
a. H
96. Riboflavin
a. I
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Seafood
Asparagus/brussel sprouts
Community water supplies
Green leafy vegetables
Fortified Milk
Enriched bread
Water
Vegetable oil
Milk
Meat, such as pork
Match the vitamin deficiency with the associated phrase.
97. Vitamin B6 Deficiency
a. D
98. Thiamin deficiency
a. B
99. Vitamin A deficiency
a. A
100.
Niacin deficiency (2)
a. C, G
101.
Folic acid deficiency
a. E
102.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
a. F
A. Common cause of blindness in world
B. Consumption of polished rice
C. Epidemic in Southern U.S.
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
D.
E.
F.
G.
Babies who consumed infant formula
Common during pregnancy
Common in the elderly
Consumption of corn bread
Short Answer.
103.
We discussed four groups that are at risk of iron deficiency. Name three of them and
very briefly describe why each is at risk of iron deficiency.
a. “Women – during menstruation they lose iron due to blood loss”
b. “Vegetarians – they would not be consuming heme iron (meat), which is the best source
of iron. They would be consuming non heme iron, which is a poor source of iron because
it does not absorb well
c. “Children – If they continue to consume milk as a staple, they have a low intake and
absorb iron poorly”
104.
Enriched grains always have three vitamins added to them. Name two of the three.
a. “Thiamin”
b. “Niacin”
c. “Riboflavin”
105.
We discussed a vitamin that, when consumed in low amounts, leads to increased
homocysteine levels in the blood, a risk factor for heart disease. Name that vitamin.
a. “Folacin (Folic acid/folate)”
106.
Briefly describe two suggestions your instructor made in class to minimize loss of
vitamin C during preparation of food.
a. “Minimize chopping”
b. “Do not boil; steam instead”
107.
There is a compound in some foods, oxalate, that binds calcium, making it less available
for absorption. Name the food we discussed in class that contains oxalate.
a. “Chocolate”
108.
What mineral comes from the sea, so seafood is a rich source of this mineral?
a. “Iodine”
109.
Give two specific reasons why a vegetarian, someone who consumes no meat, would be
likely to develop iron deficiency? In other words, what is special about meat that helps us meet
iron needs?
a. “They would not be consuming heme iron (meat) which is the best source of iron”
b. “They would only be consuming non heme iron which is a poor source of iron because it
does not absorb well.”
110.
We discussed that two of the fat soluble vitamins that are especially toxic. Give me those
two vitamins and give an example of a toxicity symptom, other than the ultimate death (give the
unwanted effect of over consumption.
a. “Vitamin A. Symptom: cerebral spinal fluid pressure”
b. “Vitamin D. Symptom: calcified soft tissue/muscle”
111.
Why did they decide to change the name of the vitamin nicotinic acid to niacin?
a. “Nicotinic sounds too much like nicotine and people would be frightened”
112.
There is a compound in chocolate that binds calcium, making it less available for
absorption. What is the name of the compound?
a. “Oxalates”
113.
At what age do we usually lose the ability to build new bone?
a. “Around 30”
HES 2823 Introductory to Nutrition – Knehans
Questions From Exams: Fall 2004, Fall 2005, Spring 2007, Spring 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009, Spring 2010,
Fall 2010
114.
What were the circumstances by which we tragically learned the effects of vitamin B6
deficiency?
a. “It was put in infant formula and they had seizures”
115.
We discussed that niacin overconsumption has unwanted side effects. We are very aware
of this because niacin was prescribed by physicians to treat a common health concern. What was
the health concern and what was the side effect?
a. Health concern: “High cholesterol levels”
b. Side effect: “Red-splotchy skin/red flushed skin”
116.
Which vitamin did we begin to fortify in enriched bread beginning in 1998?
a. “Folic acid”
117.
Prenatal vitamins are prescribed as a common part of good prenatal care. Which vitamin
is woman most likely to be deficient in during pregnancy?
a. “Folic acid”
118.
When a pregnant woman is deficient in this vitamin, what is the birth defect that is
associated with this vitamin deficiency?
a. “Neural tube”
119.
What group of individuals is higher risk for developing cancer if they consume high
levels of beta-carotene?
a. “Smokers”