2. The Industrial Revolution in eighteenthcentury England primarily involved new
techniques in:
A. shoe manufacturing
B. ship construction
C. furniture manufacturing
D. textile production
E. steel production
“The pasturing stock is allowed in peace to eat up the food on the pastures to its
utmost limits, thus the stock returns more ample profit to the farmer. In managing
arable land, the farmer derives other solid advantages, such as security against
trespass and adoption of correct crop rotation.”
3. The eighteenth-century British quotation above is a justification
for which of the following?
A. strip farming
B. enclosure of common lands
C. sharecropping
D. collectivization
E. terracing
4. Prior to the expansion of the factory system during the
Industrial Revolution, which of the following contributed to the
increase in production of manufactured goods?
A. importation of silk and
cotton cloth from the
Far East
B. expansion of the guild
system in urban centers
C. expansion of cottage
industries in the
countryside
D. cultivation of formerly
fallow lands.
E. the completion of the
railway system
Which of these choices has to do with making goods?
6. Important prerequisites for Great Britain's
industrialization in the mid-eighteenth century
included which of the following?
A. dramatic improvements in
workers' housing in the cities
B. a rapid increase in the
amount of gold imported
from New World colonies
C. innovations in agricultural
techniques and increases in
food production
D. rapid growth of a national
system of rail transportation
E. strong monarchical leadership
and a centralized government
bureaucracy
9. Which of the following statements regarding the
Old Regime of the eighteenth century is NOT
true?
A. their economy was
primarily agrarian
B. serfdom in western
European states had
largely disappeared
C. the influence of the
second estate remained
substantial
D. papacy was able to
dominate politics in all the
major European states
9. Which of the following statements regarding the
Old Regime of the eighteenth century is NOT
true?
A. their economy was
primarily agrarian
B. serfdom in western
European states had
largely disappeared
C. the influence of the
second estate remained
substantial
D. papacy was able to
dominate politics in all the
major European states
12. Under the domestic system in
England:
A. spinning and weaving of
yarn and cloth was done
in the workers' homes
B. factory workers were
prohibited from joining
unions
C. farmers expanded the
use of crop rotation and
fertilization
D. shipbuilding was made a
state monopoly
14. What problems did business people face
in the early 18th century?
A. Reduction in the
number of merchant
and craft guilds
B. Lack of standard
coins, weights and
measures
C. Lack of local tolls
D. Reduction in banking
and insurance
services
14. What problems did business people face
in the early 18th century?
A. Reduction in the
number of merchant
and craft guilds
B. Lack of standard
coins, weights and
measures
C. Lack of local tolls
D. Reduction in banking
and insurance
services
15. Which of the following was a production
change that led to the need for the factory
system?
A. water powered
machinery
B. wind mills
C. expensive raw
materials
D. banking systems
15. Which of the following was a production
change that led to the need for the factory
system?
A. water powered
machinery
B. wind mills
C. expensive raw
materials
D. banking systems
17. The Enclosure Movement, fencing in of pasture and
common lands, was most evident in which
of the following states?
A. France
B. Spain
C. Belgium
D. England
17. The Enclosure Movement, fencing in of pasture and
common lands, was most evident in which
of the following states?
A. France
B. Spain
C. Belgium
D. England
19. Before 1700, the total
European population
A. followed an
irregular cycle of
slow growth.
B. always grew too
fast.
C. grew steadily and
moderately.
D. followed a cyclical
pattern of steady
decline.
21. The expansion of Europe in the
eighteenth century featured all of the
following EXCEPT
A. growing population.
B. increased world trade.
C. expansion of agriculture.
D. relatively peaceful
international relations.
21. The expansion of Europe in the
eighteenth century featured all of the
following EXCEPT
A. growing population.
B. increased world trade.
C. expansion of agriculture.
D. relatively peaceful
international relations.
23. The English Navigation Acts not only mandated that
all English imports and exports had to be transported on
English ship, they also
A. restricted English
banks from making
foreign loans.
B. initiated English
involvement in the
transatlantic slave
trade.
C. created an alliance with
the Dutch against the
French.
D. restricted
manufacturing in the
colonies.
23. The English Navigation Acts not only mandated that
all English imports and exports had to be transported on
English ship, they also
A. restricted English
banks from making
foreign loans.
B. initiated English
involvement in the
transatlantic slave
trade.
C. created an alliance with
the Dutch against the
French.
D. restricted
manufacturing in the
colonies.
25. The most persistent problem with the openfield system of agriculture was
A. the scarcity of labor.
B. bad weather.
C. soil depletion.
D. inequitable land
distribution among the
peasants.
27. According to Adam Smith, the duties of
government included all of the following
EXCEPT
A. pursuit of policies
favorable to large-scale
manufacturing and
commerce.
B. defense against foreign
invasion.
C. maintenance of civil
order.
D. sponsorship of certain
indispensable public
works.
27. According to Adam Smith, the duties of
government included all of the following
EXCEPT
A. pursuit of policies
favorable to large-scale
manufacturing and
commerce.
B. defense against foreign
invasion.
C. maintenance of civil
order.
D. sponsorship of certain
indispensable public
works.
29. Dutch leadership in farming can be
attributed primarily to
A. the exceptional
fertility of their lands.
B. a large urbanized
population.
C. the leadership of the
Dutch scientific
community.
D. their strong nobility.
29. Dutch leadership in farming can be
attributed primarily to
A. the exceptional
fertility of their lands.
B. a large urbanized
population.
C. the leadership of the
Dutch scientific
community.
D. their strong nobility.
32. Jethro Tull's contributions to English
agriculture were the product of
A.
B.
C.
D.
good luck.
empirical research.
deductive reasoning.
speculative reasoning.
33. The social group upon which the success
of the English agricultural revolution depended
was the
A. land-owning
aristocracy.
B. landless peasants.
C. independent peasant
farmers.
D. tenant farmers.
33. The social group upon which the success
of the English agricultural revolution depended
was the
A. land-owning
aristocracy.
B. landless peasants.
C. independent peasant
farmers.
D. tenant farmers.
35. The eighteenth-century enclosure movement in
England was responsible for the rise of marketoriented estate agriculture and the
A. destruction of cottage
industry.
B. declining power of
the English
aristocracy.
C. emergence of a
landless rural
proletariat.
D. collapse of tenant
farming.
37. The tremendous population growth of the second
half of the eighteenth century resulted from all of the
following EXCEPT
A. earlier marriages.
B. advances in medical
science.
C. improvements in
transport and storage
of grain.
D. the disappearance
of the bubonic plague.
37. The tremendous population growth of the second
half of the eighteenth century resulted from all of the
following EXCEPT
A. earlier marriages.
B. advances in medical
science.
C. improvements in
transport and storage
of grain.
D. the disappearance
of the bubonic plague.
38. All of the following were shortcomings of
the putting-out system EXCEPT
A. bottlenecks in the
production process.
B. rigid production
techniques.
C. quality control.
D. labor relations.
Bottleneck: something
that hinders
40. Improvements associated with the
Agricultural Revolution of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries began in:
A. France and Spain
B. The Low countries
and Britain
C. Prussia and Saxony
D. Poland
E. Russia
41. Typically the putting-out industry
employed
A.
B.
C.
D.
only women.
rural families.
urban workers.
men and older boys.
42. Virginia plantation owners and New
England merchants were
A. protected and restricted
by the mercantile system.
B. not an integral part of the
mercantile system.
C. both damaged by the
mercantile system.
D. the greatest
beneficiaries of the
mercantile system.
42. Virginia plantation owners and New
England merchants were
A. protected and restricted
by the mercantile system.
B. not an integral part of the
mercantile system.
C. both damaged by the
mercantile system.
D. the greatest
beneficiaries of the
mercantile system.
44. The Navigation Acts were a form of
economic warfare that initially targeted the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dutch.
French.
Spanish.
colonists.
46. The theaters of operations for the century-long
competition between England and France included all
of the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
North America.
India.
Europe.
South America.
47. The asiento was
A. a tax on imports into the
Spanish colonies.
B. the upper class in Brazil.
C. the West African slave
trade.
D. the system of debt
peonage in South and
Central America.
48. The decisive round in the colonial conflict
between England and France was the
A. Seven Years' War.
B. Thirty Years' War.
C. War of the Austrian
Succession.
D. War of the Spanish
Succession.
49. The British won the American component
of the Seven Years' War because
A. the French military
leadership was
ineffective.
B. their Prussian ally won
the European component.
C. the French did not have
an adequate navy.
D. they diverted men and
money from Europe to
the American theater.
49. The British won the American component
of the Seven Years' War because
A. the French military
leadership was
ineffective.
B. their Prussian ally won
the European component.
C. the French did not have
an adequate navy.
D. they diverted men and
money from Europe to
the American theater.
50. The factor that most limited the growth of
industry in the British colonies was
A. a lack of raw
materials.
B. a lack of investment
capital.
C. a labor shortage.
D. the Navigation Acts.
50. The factor that most limited the growth of
industry in the British colonies was
A. a lack of raw
materials.
B. a lack of investment
capital.
C. a labor shortage.
D. the Navigation Acts.
51. Most British colonists were motivated to
settle in the colonies by
A. political freedom.
B. religious freedom.
C. a sense of
adventure.
D. the availability of
cheap land.
54. According to Adam Smith, harmony and
progress would result from
A. laws to regulate
economic behavior.
B. the decline of warfare
and improved health
care.
C. the government's
maintenance of civil order
and public works.
D. the pursuit of selfinterest in a competitive
market.
55. Spanish-American society included all of
the following groups EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
Creoles.
mestizos.
Indians.
conquistadors.
56. Which of the following was a major characteristic of the
English monarchy in the eighteenth century?
A. A return to its “divine
right” position of the
seventeenth century
B. A steadily widening
discrepancy between its
theoretical and its real
power
C. Its growth in power
because of its many
victories over the French
D. Its refusal to support the
emerging cabinet system
E. Its growing wealth due to
effective taxation policies.
58. The first European state to mandate
compulsory elementary education was
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prussia.
the Netherlands.
England.
France.
58. The first European state to mandate
compulsory elementary education was
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prussia.
the Netherlands.
England.
France.
59. The reading material of the popular classes
included all of the following EXCEPT
A. practical material,
such as almanacs.
B. entertaining,
humorous, escapist
stories.
C. chapbooks with
religious contents.
D. works on Christian
theology.
59. The reading material of the popular classes
included all of the following EXCEPT
A. practical material,
such as almanacs.
B. entertaining,
humorous, escapist
stories.
C. chapbooks with
religious contents.
D. works on Christian
theology.
62. Most girls who sought work outside their
families found jobs as
A. workers in textile
factories.
B. teachers.
C. domestic servants.
D. shop clerks.
63. The pattern of late marriage in early modern
Europe resulted primarily from the
A. prevalence of the
extended family
structure.
B. necessary precondition
of economic
independence.
C. fear of overpopulation.
D. availability of
premarital affairs.
65. Violations of social norms of traditional
lower-class communities were punished by
A. banishment.
B. public humiliation.
C. public corporal
punishment.
D. fines and
imprisonment.
66. In the second half of the eighteenth
century, couples married younger, primarily in
response to
A. the Enlightenment.
B. state policies
encouraging larger
families.
C. the depopulation
caused by the wars of
the eighteenth
century.
D. the emergence of the
cottage industry.
67. Popular leisure and entertainment included
all of the following EXCEPT
A. blood sports.
B. Carnival.
C. social gatherings in
groups, for drinking
and story-telling.
D. dinner parties.
69. In his work on education and children,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau urged all of the
following EXCEPT
A. equality of education
for boys and girls.
B. maternal breastfeeding.
C. experiential
education for children.
D. greater tenderness
for children.
69. In his work on education and children,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau urged all of the
following EXCEPT
A. equality of education
for boys and girls.
B. maternal breastfeeding.
C. experiential
education for children.
D. greater tenderness
for children.
70. The neglectful attitudes toward children in
pre-industrial Europe were conditioned by
A. high infant mortality
rates.
B. church doctrine.
C. Enlightenment
philosophy.
D. their economic value.
73. St. Vincent de Paul is most famous for his
A. efforts to outlaw the
Society of Jesus.
B. perfection of the
smallpox vaccination.
C. establishment of
foundling homes.
D. establishment of
churches in new,
working-class
neighborhoods in cities.
73. St. Vincent de Paul is most famous for his
A. efforts to outlaw the
Society of Jesus.
B. perfection of the
smallpox vaccination.
C. establishment of
foundling homes.
D. establishment of
churches in new,
working-class
neighborhoods in cities.
74. The English author Daniel
Defoe is used to illustrate
A. harsh, often brutal
discipline inflicted on
children.
B. financial opportunities
available in the
eighteenth century.
C. standards of health care
available to the rich in
eighteenth-century
London.
D. emotional power of the
Protestant revival.
74. The English author Daniel
Defoe is used to illustrate
A. harsh, often brutal
discipline inflicted on
children.
B. financial opportunities
available in the
eighteenth century.
C. standards of health care
available to the rich in
eighteenth-century
London.
D. emotional power of the
Protestant revival.
78. The diet of the poorer classes
consisted of bread and
A.
B.
C.
D.
meat and eggs.
dairy products.
vegetables.
wild game.
79. A severe deficiency in vitamin C
results in the disease known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
anemia.
gout.
dysentery.
scurvy.
79. A severe deficiency in vitamin C
results in the disease known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
anemia.
gout.
dysentery.
scurvy.
80. The American crop that became an
important dietary supplement in Europe by the
end of the century was
A.
B.
C.
D.
winter wheat.
the tomato.
rice.
the potato.
81. Medical practitioners who were most
likely to rely on drugs were called
A.
B.
C.
D.
faith healers.
apothecaries.
surgeons.
physicians.
82. In the eighteenth century, faith healers
A. had disappeared.
B. usually prescribed
herbal remedies.
C. believed disease was
caused by imbalance
in the humors.
D. used exorcism to
treat illness.
82. In the eighteenth century, faith healers
A. had disappeared.
B. usually prescribed
herbal remedies.
C. believed disease was
caused by imbalance
in the humors.
D. used exorcism to
treat illness.
83. Changes in the food consumption habits of
Europeans in the eighteenth century included all of the
following EXCEPT
A. declining consumption of
alcoholic beverages.
B. the replacement of
coarse whole-wheat
bread with white bread.
C. greater variety and
availability of vegetables.
D. increased consumption
of sugar.
83. Changes in the food consumption habits of
Europeans in the eighteenth century included all of the
following EXCEPT
A. declining consumption of
alcoholic beverages.
B. the replacement of
coarse whole-wheat
bread with white bread.
C. greater variety and
availability of vegetables.
D. increased consumption
of sugar.
84. Many surgeons gained anatomical
knowledge and practical experience
A. by apprenticing
themselves to physicians.
B. as a result of the
legalization of dissection.
C. on the many battlefields
of Europe.
D. from the rediscovery of
Greek and Roman
medical writings.
85. For a sick person in the eighteenth century,
the best advice would have been to
A. check into a
hospital.
B. visit an apothecary.
C. visit a physician.
D. hope the condition
improves on its own.
86. The term lunatic refers to
A. someone who drank too
much.
B. traditional village
punishments for those
who violated local
customs.
C. popular belief that
mental illness was
caused by moonlight.
D. German Protestants who
joined the Pietist
movement.
86. The term lunatic refers to
A. someone who drank too
much.
B. traditional village
punishments for those
who violated local
customs.
C. popular belief that
mental illness was
caused by moonlight.
D. German Protestants who
joined the Pietist
movement.
87. The greatest achievement of eighteenthcentury medical science was the
A. control of venereal
disease.
B. elimination of the
bubonic plague.
C. rise of the animistic
school of medicine.
D. conquest of
smallpox.
90. The term territorial churches refers to
A. Catholic churches
still controlled by the
pope.
B. large parish churches
of any denomination.
C. churches outside the
control of the state.
D. churches controlled
by the state.
90. The term territorial churches refers to
A. Catholic churches
still controlled by the
pope.
B. large parish churches
of any denomination.
C. churches outside the
control of the state.
D. churches controlled
by the state.
91. The dissolution of the Jesuit order in
1773 is a striking indication of the
A. decline of religious
feeling in the eighteenth
century.
B. resurgent power of the
papacy.
C. power of the state over
the church.
D. vitality of the Protestant
revival.
91. The dissolution of the Jesuit order in
1773 is a striking indication of the
A. decline of religious
feeling in the eighteenth
century.
B. resurgent power of the
papacy.
C. power of the state over
the church.
D. vitality of the Protestant
revival.
94. All of the following were aspects of the
celebration of Carnival EXCEPT
A. drinking and
dancing.
B. mocking the
established order.
C. begging forgiveness
for one's sins.
D. masquerading.
95. All of the following were aspects of the
Protestant revival in Germany EXCEPT
A. religious enthusiasm.
B. stress on the priesthood
of all believers.
C. the practical power of
Christian rebirth in
everyday affairs.
D. rationalism.
96. John Wesley's religious revival
A. emphasized Calvin's
belief in predestination.
B. preached free will and
universal salvation.
C. took place within the
organized Anglican
church.
D. incorporated aspects of
Enlightenment deism.
96. John Wesley's religious revival
A. emphasized Calvin's
belief in predestination.
B. preached free will and
universal salvation.
C. took place within the
organized Anglican
church.
D. incorporated aspects of
Enlightenment deism.