CHAPTER 10:
AMERICA’S
ECONOMIC
REVOLUTION
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
2

Introduction
 The Market Revolution
 Regional Divergences

The Changing American Population
– The American Population, 1820-1840
 Reasons for Population Increase
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
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Population Growth 1620-1860
Immigration 1820-1840
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America’s Economic Revolution
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American Population Density, 1820
.
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America’s Economic Revolution
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American Population Density, 1860
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
The Changing American Population
– Immigration and Urban Growth, 18401860
 Rapid Urbanization
 Surging Immigration
 German and Irish Immigrants
What effect would Urbanization have on the
Country?
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
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Sources of Immigration, 1820-1840
\
Sources of Immigration, 1840-1860
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
The Changing American Population
– The Rise of Nativism
 Native American Party
 The Know-Nothings
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
Transportations, Communications, and
Technology
– The Canal Age
 Steamboats
 Economic Advantages of Canals
 The Erie Canal
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
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
Transportations, Communications, and
Technology
– The Early Railroads
 Technological Basis
of the Railroad
 Competition between
Railroads and Canals
The Dewitt Clinton, 1831
(Library of Congress)
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
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
Transportations, Communications, and
Technology
– The Triumph of the Rails
 Consolidation
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America’s Economic Revolution
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Railroad Growth, 1850-1860
© 2010, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights
Reserved.
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
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
Transportations, Communications, and
Technology
– Innovations in Communications
and Journalism
 The Telegraph
 The Associated Press
 Fueling Sectional Discord
How would each of these things help
or hurt the country?
Samuel Morse
(Portrait Gallery)
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
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
Commerce and Industry
 Impact of the Market Economy
– The Expansion of Business, 1820-1840
 Advantages of the Corporation
 Inadequate Credit
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
Commerce and Industry
– The Emergence of the Factory
 Transformation of the Shoe Industry
 The Industrial Northeast
– Advances in Technology
 Interchangeable Parts
 Technological Innovations
– Innovations in Corporate Organization
 Decline of Merchant Capitalism
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
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
Men and Women at Work
– Recruiting a Native Work Force
 Transformation of American Agriculture
 The Lowell System
 Women Workers
 Decline of the Lowell System
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America’s Economic Revolution
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Lowell, Massachusetts, 1832
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
Men and Women at Work
– The Immigrant Workforce
 Economic Advantages of Immigrant Labor
 Harsh Work Conditions
– The Factory System and the Artisan Tradition
 De-skilling
 National Trade Unions
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
Men and Women at Work
– Fighting for Control
 Commonwealth v. Hunt
 Female Protective Unions
 America’s Divided Working Class
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
Patterns of Industrial Society
– The Rich and the Poor
 Increasing Inequality in Wealth
 The Urban Poor
 African-American Poverty
How do we judge
– Social Mobility
inequality today and
what are we trying to do
 Social Mobility
about it?
Do we have social
mobility today?
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
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
Patterns of Industrial Society
– Middle-Class Life
 Rapidly Expanding Middle Class
 New Household Inventions
 Growing Class Distinctions
– The Changing Family
 Declining Economic Role of the Family
 Falling Birth Rates
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
Patterns of Industrial Society
– Women and the “Cult of Domesticity”
 Female Education
 New Roles for Women
 Women’s Separate Sphere
 Benefits and Costs
 Working Class Women
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
Patterns of Industrial Society
– Leisure Activities
 Minstrel Shows
 P.T. Barnum
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
The Agricultural North
 Rise of Commercial
Agriculture
– Northeastern Agriculture
 Truck Farming
in the Northeast
New England, 1823
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
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America’s Economic Revolution
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
The Agricultural North
– The Old Northwest
 Industrialization in the Old Northwest
 Agricultural Specialization
 Growing Ties between Northeast and Northwest
 New Agricultural Techniques
 McCormick Reaper
– Rural Life
 Importance of Religion in Rural Communities
Chapter Ten:
America’s Economic Revolution
26
Patterns of Popular Culture:
Shakespeare
in America
The Booths in Julius Caesar
(Library of Congress)