OUTLINE
 History of Periodic Table
 Periodic Table Organization
 Period
 Group/Family
 Representative Elements
 Transition Elements
 Inner Transition Elements
 Types of Elements
 Metals
 Nonmetals
 Metalloids
HISTORY OF PERIODIC TABLE
By the Mid-1800s, there were 65
known elements.
Scientists began to recognize
patterns after recording
information such as:
 chemical reactivity (ex: bonding
patterns)
 physical properties (ex: state of
matter, mass)
HISTORY . . .
 DMITRI MENDELEEV (1834-1907)
 Wrote out elements in order of
increasing ATOMIC MASS, and
ended up with a table!
 Now organized according to:
ATOMIC NUMBER
 NUMBER OF ELECTRONS

 Why “PERIODIC”?
 Periodic means repeating patterns
and properties.
PERIODIC TABLE ORGANIZATION
The periodic table is arranged in rows
and columns.
PERIOD
 Horizontal rows on table
 7 in total
 Atomic Mass and Atomic Number
increase from LEFT TO RIGHT
ORGANIZATION . . .
 GROUP
 Also known as FAMILY
 Vertical columns on table
 Elements of the same group have similar
but not identical properties.
 There are two number systems for groups:
CURRENT:
 OLD:

1-18
ROMAN NUMERALS
IA – VIIIA
IB - VIIIB
ORGANIZATION . . .
 GROUP 1 – Alkali Metals
LINK
 Soft, silver, react violently with water
 GROUP 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals
 Shiny, silver, light, reactive
 GROUP 17 – Halogens
 Extremely reactive, poisonous
 GROUP 18 – Noble Gases
 INERT  Not reactive under normal
laboratory conditions
ORGANIZATION
Organization . . .
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
 AKA Group A elements
 Groups IA-VIIIA, or 1, 2, 13-18
 These elements illustrate the
ENTIRE RANGE OF
PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS.
ORGANIZATION . . .
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
 AKA Group B elements
 Group IB-VIIIB, or the “lower”
groups
 Metallic elements that exhibit
some different properties due to
their electron arrangements.
ORGANIZATION . . .
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
 Removed from the main table as a
matter of convenience in
organizing table
 Two names:
57-71  LANTHANIDES (rare earth)
 89-103  ACTINIDES (radioactive)

TYPES OF ELEMENTS
1
2
3
H
He
1
2
Li
Be
B
C
3
4
5
Na Mg
11
4
K
19
5
7
Ca Sc
O
F
Ne
6
7
8
9
10
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
13
14
15
16
17
18
Ti
V
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br
Kr
23
24
35
36
I
Xe
53
54
20
21
22
Rb Sr
Y
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
In
39
40
41
42
49
Hf
Ta
W
72
73
74
37
6
12
N
38
Cs Ba
55
56
Fr
Ra
87
88
*
W
Nonmetals
25
26
27
28
29
30
METALS
43
44
Re Os
75
76
47
45
46
Ir
Pt Au Hg
Tl
77
78
81
79
48
31
80
32
33
34
Sn Sb Te
50
51
Pb Bi
82
83
52
Po At Rn
84
85
86
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
104
105
106
107
108
Metalloids
109
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
57
58
59
Ac Th Pa
89
90
91
60
U
92
61
62
63
64
65
66
Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf
93
94
95
96
97
98
67
68
69
70
71
Es Fm Md No Lr
99
100
101
102
103
TYPES OF ELEMENTS
 There are three types of elements on
the periodic table:
 Metals
 Nonmetals
 Metalloids
 The STAIRCASE LINE on the periodic
table divides the METALS and the
NONMETALS.
 The ratio of metals to nonmetals is
about 4:1.
METALS
 Substances found on the Left Hand Side
of the staircase on the periodic table.
 Physical properties include:
 Shiny
 Solids at room temperature (except
Hg)
 Good conductors of electricity
 Ductile (can be stretched into wire)
 Malleable (can be hammered in
shapes)
NON-METALS
Substances found on the Right
Hand Side of the staircase on the
periodic table.
Physical properties include:
 Dull
 Brittle
 S, L, or G at room temperature
 Poor conductors/good
insulators
METALLOIDS
 AKA semi-metals
 Substances that are found ON the
staircase on the periodic table.
 Have properties of BOTH metals and
nonmetals.
 In general,
 Hard, but sometimes brittle
 Solid
 High melting points
 Weak (or not at all) conductors of
electricity
HYDROGEN
The “rebel” of the periodic table!
It does not really “belong”
anywhere.
Hydrogen is usually located on the
top left hand corner of the table,
even though it has both metallic
and nonmetallic properties.
HOMEWORK
1.
2.
What do calcium chloride, potassium bromide, and
magnesium oxide have in common? (Hint: the
answer is NOT that they end in “-ide”!)
Give an example of each of the following:
1.
Alkali metal
2.
Halogen nonmetal
3.
Transition element
4.
Lanthanide
5.
Representative element
6.
Noble gas
7.
Alkaline Earth Metal
8.
Inner Transition element
9.
Metalloid
10.
Actinide