Economic Revolutions and
Nationalism
Unit 4, Lesson 2
Essential Idea
• New inventions and three economic
revolutions created a new and NATIONAL
economy.
Inventions and
Innovations
• Many inventions impacted each area
of the country
• Area Impacted:
• North
• Invention/Innovation:
• Textile mills
• Inventor:
• Samuel Slater
• Significance:
• Slater was called the “Father of the
Factory System”
• Textile mills (factories) turned cotton
from the South into manufactured
cloth
Inventions and Innovations: North
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Invention/Innovation:
Sewing machine
Inventor:
Elias Howe
Significance:
Helped turn
manufactured cloth
into clothing
Inventions and Innovations: North
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Invention/Innovation:
Interchangeable parts
Inventor:
Eli Whitney
Significance:
Parts to manufactured
products were made to
be identical
• PARTS of products
could be replaced
instead of the WHOLE
product
• FACTORIES were
needed to mass
produce
interchangeable parts
Inventions and Innovations: North
• Overall Impact on the North:
• The North became industrialized, meaning their
economy was based on the factory system
Inventions and Innovations: West
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Area Impacted:
West
Invention/Innovation:
Steel plow
Inventor:
John Deere
Significance:
Farmers could plow larger pieces of land
Inventions and Innovations: West
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Invention/Innovation:
Mechanical reaper
Significance:
Inventor:
Cyrus McCormick
Farmers could
harvest larger pieces
of land
Inventions and Innovations: North
• Overall Impact on the West:
• Many small farmers moved to the West to start
larger farms
• McCormick and Farming
Inventions and Innovations: South
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Area Impacted:
South
Invention/Innovation:
Cotton Gin
Inventor:
Eli Whitney
Significance:
Cotton could be
processed 50 times faster
• Whitney THOUGHT the
cotton gin would reduce
the need for slaves
Inventions and Innovations: South
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Overall Impact on the South:
Instead of dying out, slavery expanded drastically in the South
Southern economy was dependent on COTTON and SLAVERY
The South became known as the “Cotton Kingdom”
Impact of the Cotton Gin
Industrial
Revolution: Causes
• Cause 1:
• Inventions and
Innovations
• Details:
• Factories in the NORTH
were needed to make
cloth, clothing,
interchangeable parts,
steel plows, mechanical
reapers, and cotton gins
Industrial Revolution: Causes
• Cause 2:
• Government
policies
• Details:
• New laws made
it easier to start
corporations
• Protective tariffs
helped support
growth of new
businesses
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Industrial Revolution: Causes
Cause 3:
Increased workforce
Details:
Immigrants, especially Irish, provided labor for factories
Many Americans in the rural North migrated to cities to work in factories
Industrial Revolution:
Effects
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Effects of the Industrial Revolution:
Effect 1:
North Industrializes
Detail:
Factories boomed in the North, not
the South or West
Effect 2:
New Production Methods
Details:
Products were made by machines
instead of by hand
Big factories replaced small homebased workshops
Industrial Revolution: Effects
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Effect 3:
Urbanization
Detail:
Cities grew as people moved to go work in factories
Effect 4:
Creation of Unions
Detail:
Eventually, factory workers formed unions to demand better working conditions
Transportation Revolution: Telegraph
• 1. Telegraph
• Samuel Morse- developed the telegraph for sending messages over
long distances
• Information could be transported INSTANTLY, improving
communication
Transportation Revolution: Roads
• 2. Roads
• National Road- first major interstate highway, over 600 miles long
• Expanding roads connected western farms to cities
Transportation
Revolution:
Water Travel
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3. Steamboats and Canals
More products could be
shipped faster on water
Steamboats:
Robert Fulton invented the
steamboat, which could
travel faster and go
upstream
Robert Fulton’s Steamboat
Canals:
Canals were artificial rivers
built to increase water
transportation
Erie Canal- built in New
York, connecting western
farmers to cities
Canals
Transportation Revolution: Railroads
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4. Railroads
Railroads were could transport faster, carry
more, and go farther than either roads or
canals
Railroads did the most to encourage
westward expansion and settlement
The North and South would fight over
where to build transcontinental railroad to
the Pacific Ocean
Impact of Transportation Revolution
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Impact of Transportation Revolution:
Increased trade between the North, West, and South
The strongest connection was between farms in the West and cities in the North
This also encouraged more settlement in the West
Economic Revolution: Market
Revolution
• The Market
Revolution:
• The North, West, and
South specialized in
products
• Market Revolutiondevelopment of a
NATIONAL economy
based on trade
between the North,
West, and South
• People were less selfsufficient, buying
products from other
areas
The Market Revolution
• Area:
• North
• Products sent
to West:
• Steel plows,
mechanical
reapers,
clothing
• Products sent
to South:
• Cotton gins,
clothing
The Market Revolution
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Area:
West
Products sent to North:
Food- Corn, wheat, livestock
Products sent to South:
Food- Corn, wheat, livestock
The Market Revolution
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Area:
South
Product sent to North:
Cotton for textile mills
Product sent to
BRITAIN:
• Cotton for textile mills
• Why significant?
• During the Civil War,
Britain almost helped
the South because
they wanted southern
cotton
Market Revolution
• Inventions and
Innovations:
• Changed how North, West,
and South produced
• Industrial Revolution:
• Factories in the North built
new products
• Transportation Revolution:
• Helped North, West, and
South trade
• American System:
• Government supported
the new economy
• Market Revolution:
• A new and NATIONAL
economy formed