Index Spiral Items #1-32
• REQUIRED: Each card should include the
following:
– Title
– Topic # (that matches the Table of Contents)
– Concise / most important information
– Use of color to highlight information
– When able: an illustration, an example, a verb
chart, etc.
#1 Asking / Telling Your Name
• Formal way to ask
• Informal way to ask
• Two ways to say it:
– I call myself…
– My name is…
• Make note of the common mistake:
Me llamo es…, which would translate as, “I call
myself is…”
#2 Ways to Greet Someone &
Ask How They Are
• Greeting vocab w/ English definitions
• Introduction vocab w/ English definitions
• Titles (Mr., Mrs. & Miss) w/ English definitions
#3 Ways to Say Goodbye
• General goodbye vocab w/ English definitions
#4 Cognates & Crossover Words
• Cognates: words from different languages that
share same origin / Latin or Arabic root
• They look identical or very similar from one
language to another
– Give example of a true cognate
– Give example of a false cognate
• Crossover Words: words that are adopted
from one language to another
– Give an example of a crossover word
#5 Tú vs Usted
• Both mean…
• Informal (familiar) vs formal
• Examples of whom you would address with
one or the other
• English rule of thumb for knowing when to
use usted
• Proper abbreviation of usted
#6 Numbers 1-20
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•
•
•
•
•
List numbers 1-20
Underline –ce ending for #s 11-15
Only “Q” number under 100?
Underline dieci prefix for #s 16-19
Underline veinti prefix for #s 21-29
Spelling hint for 20...
#7 Counting by 10s
• Write the 10s through 100
• Underline potential spelling errors, for
example cuarenta
#8 Telling & Asking Time
• This topic will most likely take up 2 sides of an
index card.
• How to ask what time it is & general time vocab
w/ English translation
– y, menos, cuarto & media
• Draw a clock that shows where you would “add”
minutes and where you would “subtract” them.
• We use la/las because time is…
• When subtracting, it’s not about the hour that it
is, it’s about the hour…
#9 Spanish Calendar
• This topic will most likely take up 2 sides of an index
card.
• General calendar vocab w/ English translation
– Day, week, month, etc.
• Days of the week and months should always be written…
• The week in a Spanish calendar starts on a…
• Days of the week w/ English translation (don’t forget to
add an accent on Wednesday and Saturday
• Months w/ English translation
#10 Writing & Asking the Date
• Asking what the date is
• Asking what day (of the week) it is
• The complete sentence way to write the date
with the formula you have learned:
– It is the ____ of ______ (de 2015).
• Using primero instead of “uno” for the 1st
#11 The 4 Seasons
• The word season in both singular & plural
• Asking which season it is
• The 4 seasons (including the article) w/
drawings for each one
• You may want to add the hints you’ve learned
to tell them apart (falling leaf, etc.)
#12 Weather
• How to ask about the weather
• The 7 weather terms – the 5 with “hace” and
the 2 without
• Add drawings for each weather term
#13 Colors
• How to ask what color something is
• The colors – instead of the English translation,
add the actual color for each one
#14 Identify Parts of the Body
• Draw a stick figure (or something fancier) and
label the 11 body parts that you learned
(include the article)
• Make a note of your body part exception word
• Highlight the body part with an accent
#15 Infinitives
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•
•
•
What part of speech is it?
Who is doing it?
What do infinitives lack?
Note that it’s the simplest/most basic form of
a verb
• What does it look like in English?
• 3 infinitive endings in Spanish / examples of
each
#16 Positive Statements
• What “me gusta” really translates into
• How “A mí” is added emphasis for
“me”
• How “A ti” is added emphasis for “te”
• The 3 positive statements: I like, I like
it/to a lot and I like it/to more/better.
#17 Negative Statements
• The word “no” in Spanish can also mean…
• Highlight where the no goes (after the “a mí”
and before the me gusta)
• The 3 negative statements: I don’t like it/to, I
don’t like it/to at all, I neither like to ___ or
___.
#18 Agreeing/Disagreeing with
Positive/Negative Statements
• Short way to agree with a positive statement
• Short way to agree with a negative statement
• What happens when you don’t agree? You
make your own original statement on whether
you like to do something or not.
• “Pues” would be a good vocab word to use
when disagreeing
#19 Answering Yes/No Questions
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•
•
•
How to answer in the positive
How to answer in the negative
What does the double no mean?
Why don’t you need a double “yes?”
#20 Gender of Nouns
• All nouns in Spn. are masculine
(M) or feminine (F) – this is
called gender
• Gender is based on word
origin and how the word ends.
• Only thing you can look at to
know the gender of a noun
100%...
• Look at ARTICLE first, noun
ENDING second.
• MOST noun endings follow a
pattern – we use the following
acronyms to help us
determine gender when we
DON’T have an article.
• MOST nouns are masculine if
they end in:
L, O, S, E, R, MA, N
• MOST nouns are feminine if
they end in:
D, IÓN, Z, A
• Some nouns don’t follow this
pattern (the acronyms) – those
are gender “exception” words
#21 Gender Exception Nouns
• They are nouns that do NOT
follow the usual pattern endings
(the acronyms) in order to
determine gender.
• The ending is masculine or
feminine but the article is
OPPOSITE of what it should be.
• You have no choice but to
memorize them!
*Only shortened version of word is
opposite, regular word is normal.
la televisión la fotografía
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
la mano (hand)
la clase (class)
el día (day)
el lápiz (pencil)
la tele (TV)*
la leche (milk)
la carne (meat)
el agua (water – singular only)
el arroz (rice)
la madre (mother)
el papá (dad)
la flor (flower)
la foto (photo)*
la mujer (woman)
la sal (salt)
#22 Descriptive Adjectives
• Where are most descriptive adjectives
placed? Give an example
• Common adjective endings: M / F/ Neutral
• What is SVINA?
#23 Adjective Agreement
• Definition of adjective agreement
• Give an example
#24 Definite & Indefinite Articles
• Write them all out – show
masculine/feminine, singular/plural
• What do they mean?
• An example of how you would use them
#25 Subject Pronoun Chart (when we
conjugate)
• Definition of a subject
• Make the chart in both English & Spanish (you can put
them together or separate them)
• Be sure to include 1st, 2nd, 3rd person & which side is
singular or plural
• Circle the subject pronouns w/ accents
• Make note of the one that is only used in Spain
• Abbreviate usted & ustedes on the side so that you
know how to do it
• Highlight the Ud. & Uds. that moved down to 3rd
person!
#26 Present Tense Conjugation
Endings for Regular –AR Verbs
• Write the –AR conjugation endings in the
subject pronoun format
• Go ahead and conjugate an –AR verb of your
choice
#27 How to Conjugate a Regular Verb
• What is conjugation?
• Write the following steps:
– Identify the subject – who is doing the action?
– Identify what time of infinitive it is
– Drop the infinitive ending
– Replace it with the conjugation ending that
matches the subject
• Make note of how there are different
conjugation endings for –ER & -IR infinitives
#28 Subject/Verb Agreement
• Definition of subject/verb agreement
• Give an example
#29 Ordinal Numbers 1st-10th
• Straightforward – write the ordinal numbers
in Spanish with the English translation or
just the ordinal number itself: primero/a =
1st
• Make note of how 1st and 3rd have the
shortened version whenever they are
placed in front of a masculine, singular
noun
#30 The Irregular Verb Estar
• One of the 2 verbs in Spanish that means “to be”
• Irregular verb (regular –AR conjugation endings don’t
work)
• Translates into English as is, am, are
• Conjugate the verb; highlight the fact that the first
person singular & plural forms DO NOT HAVE
ACCENTS!
• The acronym PLACE helps in remembering when to
use the verb estar – what do the letters stand for?
#31 Prepositions
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•
•
•
Karate chop?
Preposition “dance?”
Add to the left and to the right
What are the 4 ways to say “of the?” Highlight
the contraction that is different from the
others.
#32 Plural Rules of Nouns & Adjectives
Nouns and adjectives share the same 3 rules:
• If the word ends in a vowel, add an –S
• If the word ends in a consonant, add an –ES
• If the word ends in a –Z, drop the –Z and add –CES
• Give an example of each for BOTH an adjective and
a noun.