Why use The Great Plains
Laboratory?
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The Great Plains Laboratory has performed more
than 100,000 tests of persons on the autistic
spectrum throughout the world.
Free consultation with testing by phone/Skype
2 autistic children of Great Plains employees have
completely recovered using suggestions of Great
Plains
Licensed by the USA government
Performs external proficiency testing for all
substances for which it does testing, including
many of which are voluntary
Great customer service by highly experienced staff.
Dr. William Shaw
Lima, Peru
14-15 de mayo, 2005
How to obtain test kits
• Contact The Great Plains Laboratory by
phone, fax, or email
• Phone 1 913 341-8949
• Fax 1 913 341-6207
• Email: gpl4u@aol.com
• Videos on how to prepare the test samples on
the website at www.greatplainslaboratory.com
William Shaw PhD
Test kits
• Contain all necessary containers to transport
samples
• Contains information to ship by FEDEX
• Contains all necessary information to ship
samples
• Contains payment information, MasterCard,
Visa, or electronic bank transfer
William Shaw PhD
ORGANIC ACID TEST-Great Plains
72 Compounds and ratios
-
Yeast/Fungal Metabolites-no
- Bacterial Metabolites-no
-
Neurotransmitter metabolism-no
-
Indications of diabetic conditions
Citric acid (Krebs) cycle
metabolites
-
- B-vitamin Deficiencies-no
-
Fatty acid abnormalities
-
Clostridia overgrowth-no
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism
-
Glycolysis metabolites
- High Oxalate Levels-no
- Amino Acid
- Antioxidant Deficiencies-no
-
-
metabolites
Pyrimidines-no
-72
compounds total
William Shaw PhD
-
Specific autism markers present on The Great
Plains Laboratory Organic Acid Test
William Shaw PhD
Normal intestine
Blood vessel
*
Y*B
B
BB
B
*
B B
BB BB
Rest of body
B B
*
Intestine BB* B
Kidney
BB
BB B
Y = yeast
* = yeast product BY
B
B
B = good bacteria B
Urine
=bad bacteria
BB
cup
*
B
William Shaw PhD
After antibiotics
**
Blood vessel
***
***
*
* *
** *
******
*
*
*
* **
*****
**
*******
Y * Y*
**
* *B* Y*
*
*
*
**
*
*Y * **
Rest
of
body
* B*
*
*
Intestine * *Y
*
****
**
* Kidney
Y
*
*
****
*
Y = yeast
*
* *Y
* = yeast product **
*
B = good bacteria *Y
Urine
****
*Y
=bad bacteria
******
** ***
**
cup
***
*****
William Shaw PhD
Nutritional Neuroscience 2010 Vol 13 No 3: 1-10
William Shaw PhD
Shaw, W Increased Urinary Excretion of Analogs of Krebs Cycle
Metabolites and Arabinose in Two Brothers with Autistic Features.
Clin Chem 41:1094-1104, 1995
HPHPA
William Shaw PhD
Clostridia species that produce HPHPA
precursors
Arch Microbiol 1976; 107:283–288
• C. difficilepseudomenbranous
colitis
• C. sporogenes
• C. botulinum-food
poisoning
•
•
•
•
C. mangenoti
C. ghoni
C. bifermentans
C. caloritolerans
William Shaw PhD
Two months of nystatin and Lactobacillus
acidophilus GG therapy in a child with autism
Candida
krusei
stool
Yeast
LactoClostridia
tartaric bacillus HPHPA
urine* stool
urine*
Before
4+
993
After
0
0-1+
normal
range
0
3265
1
4+
174
0-15
3+ - 4+
0-150
mmol/mol
creatinine
William Shaw PhD
phenylalanine
hydroxylase
CH2CHCOOH
NH2
phenylalanine
3-hydroxyphenylalanine
tyrosine
hydroxylase
CH2CHCOOH
HO
tyrosine
Clostridia DOPA analog
NH2
HO
CH2CH2NH2
CH2CHCOOH
HO
DOPA
decarboxylase
HVA
HO
NH2
HO
Dopamine
Clostridia dopamine
analog
OH
VMA
DOPA
X
Dopamine
CH2CH2NH2
HO
HO
beta-hydroxylase
CHCH2NH2
HO
HO
Norepinephrine
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
Altered dopamine/norepinephrine
ratio with Clostridia excess
Dopamine
Norepi, Epi
HVA/VMA= 5:1
Dopamine/ Norepi, Epi
William Shaw PhD
Before treatment (depression)
HVA/VMA= 2.58 (Excess dopamine)
William Shaw PhD
After treatment
HVA/VMA= 1.38
William Shaw PhD
J Child Neurol 2000 Jul;15(7):429-35
Short-term benefit from oral vancomycin treatment of
regressive-onset autism.
Sandler RH, Finegold SM, Bolte ER, Buchanan CP, Maxwell
AP, Vaisanen ML, Nelson,MN, Wexler HM
•11 children with regressive-onset autism were recruited for
an intervention trial using vancomycin.
•A clinical psychologist blinded to treatment status..noted
improvement in 8 of 10 children studied.
•“…these results indicate that a possible gut flora-brain
connection warrants further investigation”
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
Staghorn oxalate crystal in kidney
William Shaw PhD
Comparison of urine oxalate in autistic spectrum
and normal children
oxalate mmol/mol creatinine
700
600
t-test
500
p <10-16
400
300
200
100
0
Autistic
Spectrum
N=100
Normal
Children
N=16
William Shaw PhD
Maternal Residence Near Agricultural Pesticide
Applications and Autism Spectrum Disorders among
Children in the California Central Valley
Eric M. Roberts, et al. Environ Health Perspect.
115(10): 1482–1489, 2007
• Children exposed to pesticides called organophosphates
used to kill insects had more than twice the risk of
developing pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
• For organochlorines, there was 7X autism rate
• Mothers exposed to such pesticides were also likely to
have shorter pregnancies and their children to have
impaired reflexes
William Shaw PhD
I. Hertz-Picciotto, et al Public Health Sciences and the
M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis,
International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR)
Household Pesticide Use in Relation to Autism, May 2008
• Mothers exposed to
pet shampoos (almost
all pyrethrins) were
twice as likely to have
a child with autism.
• The worst exposure
time was the second
trimester.
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
R Cade et al. Autism and schizophrenia: Intestinal disorders.
Nutritional Neuroscience 3: 57-72,2000 Depts. of Medicine,
Physiology, Psychology, and Psychiatry, University of
Florida, USA
• Abnormal peptides in both patients with autism and
schizophrenia
• High titers of IgG antibodies to gliadin (wheat) found
in 87% of patients with autism and 86% of patients
with schizophrenia
• High titers of IgG antibodies to bovine casein found in
90% of patients with autism and 93% of patients with
schizophrenia
• A gluten and casein free diet caused significant
improvement in 81% of patients with autism within 3
months
William Shaw PhD
Lucarelli S, Panminerva Med 1995 Sep;37(3):13741 Food allergy and infantile autism.
• Efficacy of a cow's milk free diet (or other
foods which gave a positive result after a skin
test) in 36 autistic patients.
• Marked improvement in the behavioral
symptoms of patients after a period of 8 weeks
on an elimination diet
• High levels of IgA antigen specific antibodies
for casein, lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin
• High IgG and IgM for casein
William Shaw PhD
Great Plains data
IgG casein mg/L
250
200
150
100
50
0
normal
autism
William Shaw PhD
IgG Comprehensive Food
Allergy Test - Autism
William Shaw PhD
IgG antibody test
• Blood draw
• Fingerstick done home
IgE antibody test
• Blood draw only
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD
Great Plains Immune Deficiency Profile
William Shaw PhD
Great Plains Immune Deficiency Profile
William Shaw PhD
Great Plains Immune Deficiency Profile
William Shaw PhD
Immune deficiencies in autism
• IgA deficiency
• Total IgG deficiency
• IgG subclass
deficiency
• Complement C4b
deficiency
• Myeloperoxidase
deficiency
• Severe combined
immunodeficiency
disorder (SCID)
• Normal antibody
concentrations but
lack of specific
antibodies, even
though multiple
vaccines given
William Shaw PhD
Abnormally elevated IgE in child
with autism and severe self abuse
Test
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
child
845
157
81
1295
Reference range
639-1349 mg/dL
70-312 mg/dL
56-352 mg/dL
10-180 IU/ml
Repeat IgE
1730
10-180 IU/ml
William Shaw PhD
Autism and seizures
Immunoglobulin
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgG-1
IgG-2
IgG-3
IgG-4
secretory IgA
Child’s value
576 mg/dL
67 mg/dL
28 mg/dL
2 IU/ml
408 mg/dL
77 mg/dL
85 mg/dL
6 mg/dL
1
Reference range
672-1680 mg/dL
71-263 mg/dL
47-209 mg/dL
2-35 IU/ml
456-952 mg/dL
147-493 mg/dL
12-179 mg/dL
0-168 mg/dL
10-20 mcg/ml
William Shaw PhD
Recurrence of Candida: The most
difficult medical problem in
autism
• Because of depression of cellular immunity,
the person with autism becomes re-infected
immediately after antifungal treatment stops
• Some parents report deterioration if even a
single dose of antifungal drug is missed
• Some children on antifungals for over 10 years
William Shaw PhD
Streptococcus antibodies and autismcontribute to stereotypical behavior
William Shaw PhD
Streptococcus antibodies and autism
followup
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Throat rapid strep test
Throat culture
Cultures may give false negative results
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
Antibodies may cause behavioral alteration even if strep
organism is missing
Prophylactic antibiotics
Plasmapharesis and replacement
Selective removal of plasma anti-strep antibodies
IVIG-itravenous gamma globulin
William Shaw PhD
Hair metals in boys with autism
n=40 boys per group, age matched
Autism 9:290-298,2005
Median
Autism
Mcg/g
hair
8
6
4
2
0
Uranium Mercury
Lead
Median
Normal
Mcg/g
hair
William Shaw PhD
Chelation Therapy Options
• “To Bind” from Greek word chele, or claw.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Oral DMSA or TD-DMSA TD=transdermal
Oral DMPS and/or TD-DMPS
Oral EDTA and/or TD-EDTA
Intravenous – DMPS, EDTA
Suppository – Detoxamin (good for lead, aluminum)
Natural Remedies – Chlorella, Cilantro, Homeopathic, etc.
• Sublingual vs Baths.
• Combination of different forms.
William Shaw PhD
Recommended testing summary
• Hair screen for long term exposure to toxic elements
• If all toxic elements are negative with hair metals, consider
urine challenge test with DMSA,DMPS
• Evaluate copper/zinc balance with copper/zinc profile from
Great Plains
• Use urine test (without challenge) to evaluate calcium levels
• Fecal metals can indicate oral exposure to metals especially
lead but does not identify source
• Use X-ray fluorescence to determine sources of lead
• Whole blood or RBC good for acute toxicity
William Shaw PhD
Recommended treatment
• Find and eliminate sources of toxicity
• Remove amalgams
• Control Candida since DMSA and DMPS stimulate Candida
overgrowth
• Oral DMSA and DMPS cheap, safe, and effective but
stimulate Candida and can make heavy metals worse if oral
ingestion is still occurring.
• Extended treatment needed to remove toxic metals from
brain
• Do periodic liver tests and blood counts
• Supplement with beneficial metals (Chelate-Mate®)
• Discontinue if tests abnormal or rare severe symptoms
William Shaw PhD
Safety and Efficacy of Oral DMSA Therapy for Children with Autism
Spectrum
Disorders: Part B - Behavioral Results
BMC Clinical Pharmacology 2009, 9:17 doi:10.1186/1472-6904-9-17
James B Adams (jim.adams@asu.edu)
Matthew Baral (m.baral@scnm.edu)
Elizabeth Geis (autismstudynurseasu@gmail.com)
Jessica Mitchell (j.mitchell@scnm.edu)
Julie Ingram (julieaingram@yahoo.com)
Andrea Hensley (ahensley11@cox.net)
Irene Zappia (izappia@aol.com)
Sanford Newmark (snewmark@email.arizona.edu)
Eva Gehn (egehn@asu.edu)
Robert A Rubin (brubin698@earthlink.net)
Ken Mitchell (kbmpd@yahoo.com)
Jeff Bradstreet (drbradstreet@aol.com)
Jane El-Dahr (jeldahr@tulane.edu)
William Shaw PhD
The Great Plains Laboratory cholesterol study
Of children with autistic spectrum disorder
9
Number of patients in group
8
7
6
5
4
Low cholesterol 57.5%
Cholesterol in children with autistic
Extremely low
spectrum disorder
cholesterol 17.5%
3
2
1
0
0-20 2140
4160
61- 81- 101- 121- 141- 161- 181- 201- 221- 241- 261- 281- 301- 321- 34180 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Range of Cholesterol Results-mg/dL
William Shaw PhD
Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism in autism
spectrum disorders. Am J of Med Genetics Part B:
Neuropsychiatric Genetics Vol 141B, Issue 6, Pages 666 –
668,2006. Elaine Tierney et al.
● Cholesterol was measured in 100 samples
from subjects with ASD using GC/MS
●19 samples (19%) had total cholesterol levels
lower than 100 mg/dl, which is below the 5th
centile for children over age 2 years.
● These findings suggest that, in addition to
SLOS, there may be other disorders of cholesterol
metabolism associated with ASD.
William Shaw PhD
Reports of cholesterol supplements in
autism-Case 3
• I wanted to let you know that my son’s
cholesterol went up 20 points to 131 after
taking Sonic® for a month. He is
improving wonderfully. However, the
proof is in way more than the numbers.
Babbling is back and he is watching my
lips when I talk to him.
William Shaw PhD
Reports of cholesterol supplements in
autism-Case 3-continued
• He understands and follows verbal commands.
He learned to give himself a drink from a cup
(I used to give him a bottle) during the first
month on sonic, two weeks ago he learned to
climb stairs and yesterday he fed himself with
a spoon. Best of all, he is happy now! He
smiles and laughs -- with people!!! At 12
months of age my son would be best described
as catatonic, rather than autistic -- he was
extremely severe.
• .
William Shaw PhD
www.nbnus.com
Toll free
877 575-2467
William Shaw PhD
The plasma zinc/serum copper ratio as a biomarker in
children with autism spectrum disorders. Scott Faber et al
Biomarkers March 11,2009
•
A retrospective review of plasma zinc, serum copper and
zinc/copper was performed on data from 230 children with
autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-NOS and
Asperger's syndrome.
• The entire cohort's mean zinc level was 77.2 mcg/dl; mean
copper level was 131.5 mcg/dl, and mean Zn/Cu was .608,
which was below the 0.7 cut-off of the lowest 2.5% of healthy
children.
• The plasma zinc/serum copper ratio may be a biomarker of
heavy metal, particularly mercury, toxicity in children with
ASDs.
William Shaw PhD
Comprehensive Biochemical
Testing-Great Plains
• Organic acid test for
genetic disease, toxics,
and yeast and
bacterial byproducts
• Yeast culture and
sensitivity
• Cholesterol profile
• Heavy metals
hair,blood
• Copper/zinc profile
• Comprehensive IgG
food allergies
• Comprehensive inhalant
allergies
• Immune deficiency
• Amino acids and fatty
acids
• Streptococcus antibodies
William Shaw PhD
William Shaw PhD