Course Essential Standard Indicator Essential Questions BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design 4.00 B2 Unit B Interactive Website Design and Development. 28% Understand the fundamentals of web design 4.02 B2 10% Understand the concepts of responsive web design. What challenges do mobile devices present to Web designers? What are the basic concepts of responsive web design? UNPACKED CONTENT 1) Web page Layout considerations a) Typical layout is organized in columns using <div> tags and Cascading Style Sheets in order to create flexible layouts. i) <div> tag defines a division or a section in an HTML document. ii) <div> tag is used to group block-elements to format them with CSS. iii) <div> tags can be nested; meaning a tag contained within a tag iv) <table> tags should not be used for layout; tables are intended for presenting tabular data. b) Html5 introduced these tags: <header>, <footer>, <nav> (Note: these tags were briefly introduced in 4.01. They have particular relevance in layout) i) <header> tag specifies a header for a document or section ii) <header> element should be used as a container for introductory content iii) <footer> tag defines a footer for a document or section iv) <footer> typically contains the author of the document, copyright information, links to terms of use, contact information, etc. v) <nav> tag defines a set of navigation links; only intended for a major block of navigation links c) Many existing web sites today contains HTML code like this: <div id="nav">, <div class="header">, or <div id="footer">, to indicate navigation links, header, and footer. d) HTML5 offers new semantic elements to clearly define different parts of a web page; such as <header> and <footer>. 2) Challenges of wide-ranging devices a) Devices with Web browsers include smartphones, tablets, laptops and desktops, televisions, wearable devices, etc b) Mobile browsers are optimized so as to display Web content most effectively for small screens on portable devices. c) Variations in screen size, resolution, pixel density, pixel size present a challenge. d) A device pixel is the smallest element on a screen; also known as physical pixel. e) More pixels typically mean a “crisper” presentation. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 224 f) Screen density or pixel density refers to the number of device pixels on a physical surface. It is often measured in pixels per inch (PPI). g) Resolution is a simple count of the number of pixels across the entire width and height of a device. h) Viewport is the rectangular area (measured in pixels) that is viewable on a device screen. (Some mobile devices have virtual viewports in the browser that scale down web pages to fit the smaller display.) 3) The Mobile Web a) Challenges i) Screen size. Limited screen size and therefore limited content that is visible. ii) Input. Mobile devices have limited keypads, small keys and frequently no pointing device. iii) Bandwidth and cost. Mobile networks can be slow compared to fixed data connections. Mobile data transfer costs money. Large images and advertising content cause retrieval issues. iv) Goals. Mobile users have different interests than desktop devices. Mobile users are typically more goal-oriented and less interested in lengthy documents. v) Device limitations. Mobile devices do not have the computational power of desktops; battery consumption; exceeding memory and incomplete displays can cause problems. b) Advantages of Mobile Web Devices i) More personal and can be personalized ii) Portable. iii) Always connected. iv) Location awareness. v) Offers one-handed operation. vi) Can be a universal alerting device. c) World Wide Web Consortium (w3c) has a mobile Web initiative i) “Mobile accessibility” generally refers to making websites and applications more accessible to people with disabilities when they are using mobile devices. This includes interacting with phones, tablets, TVs and other devices that use the Web. ii) W3C has defined the reference pixel. A standard based on an optical reference unit that might be twice the size of a hardware pixel. This new pixel should look exactly the same in all viewing situations. 4) Responsive Web Design a) Ethan Marcotte coined the term responsive web design in an online article. b) RWD takes existing techniques involving flexible grid layout, flexible images, and media and media queries creating a unified approach to web design. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 225 c) Many designers have advocated an approach to design for the smallest viewport first and then work up towards the larger viewpoints. The design and content can be enhanced as you work upward. d) What is needed for Responsive Web Design? i) An understanding of the various devices and pixel density ii) How user experience and user needs are different for mobile users iii) How Web browsers vary in rendering Web pages iv) HTML expertise v) Extensive use of CSS required vi) Fluid vs. Fixed Layout 5) Fixed Layout a) Fixed-width layout has a wrapper (or container) that is a fixed width, and the components inside it have either percentage widths or fixed widths. i) The container (wrapper) element is fixed ii) The width of the site is bound to a certain number of pixels b) Advantages of Fixed-width layout i) Easier to use and easier to customize in terms of design. ii) Widths are the same for every browser, so there is less hassle with images, forms, video and other content that are fixed-width. iii) Fixed-width is predictable and has more precise control. iv) Even if a website is designed to be compatible with the smallest screen resolution, 800×600, the content will still be wide enough at a larger resolution to be easily legible. c) Disadvantages of Fixed-width i) May create excessive white space for users with larger screen resolutions ii) Smaller screen resolutions may require a horizontal scroll bar, depending on the fixed layout’s width. iii) Fixed-width layouts may create usability issues for mobile users and users with very large screens. 6) Fluid Layout a) Fluid or liquid layouts define dimensions in percentages rather than pixels. b) Advantages i) Can be more user-friendly, because it adjusts to the user’s set up. ii) If designed properly, content will distribute evenly iii) If designed well, a fluid layout can eliminate horizontal scroll bars in smaller screen resolutions. c) Disadvantages i) Less control over what the user sees ii) May overlook problems because the layout looks fine on their specific screen resolution. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 226 iii) Images, video and other types of content with set widths may need to be set at multiple widths to accommodate different screen resolutions. iv) With incredibly large screen resolutions, a lack of content may create excess white space that can diminish aesthetic appeal. 7) Absolute units and Relative measurement units defined in CSS and their recommended use (this is not an all-inclusive list): a) Absolute units include: i) Pixels (px)—recommended for screens, occasional print ii) Points (pt)—recommended for print, not for screens iii) Picas (pc)—recommended for print iv) Inches (in)—recommended for print, not for screens b) Relative units include: i) em (font size of the element)—recommended for screen or print ii) % (percent)—recommended for screen or print c) Absolute units are good when the physical size of the output is defined d) Relative units are good when the user may change size in the browser and to set sizes relative to the surrounding elements. e) An em is a unit of measurement in the field of typography, equal to the currently specified point size. i) In a Web browser an em is equal to the default size of 16px ii) Ems are becoming increasingly popular in web documents due to scalability and their mobile-device-friendly nature. iii) Ems are recommended by the w3c. f) Images and mobile devices i) Bitmap or raster images are composed of a fixed set of pixels. ii) Bitmap pixel is the smallest unit of data in a raster image iii) Avoid using bitmaps with inappropriate resolutions iv) CSS can be used to serve up an appropriately sized version of a bitmap depending upon the screen size v) CSS pixel is a unit of measurement. g) SVG tag <svg> (new in HTML 5) defines vector-based graphics for the Web. i) SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics ii) SVG graphics do NOT lose any quality if they are zoomed or resized iii) SVG is a W3C recommendation iv) SVG can be embedded directly into HTML pages v) SVG can be edited with a plain text editor h) Media queries consist of a media type and expressions that check for the conditions of particular media features i) By using the @media rule, a website can have a different layout for screen, print, mobile phone, tablet, etc. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 227 ii) The @media rule allows different style rules for different media in the same style sheet iii) This is considered advanced CSS. 4.02 Resources Html & CSS reference http://www.w3schools.com/ Article on viewports http://alistapart.com/article/vexing-viewports Responsive Web Design http://alistapart.com/article/responsive-web-design W3C http://www.w3.org/Style/Examples/007/units.en.html Browsers http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/ Pixels http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2012/08/20/towards-retinaweb/ Ems http://kyleschaeffer.com/development/css-font-size-em-vs-px-vs-ptvs/ Media Queries http://www.w3.org/Talks/2013/0516-CSS-WWW2013/mediaqueries.html SVG http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/ http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2009/06/02/fixed-vs-fluid-vselastic-layout-whats-the-right-one-for-you/ BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 228 Instructional Activities Resources Going Green – Please refer to the Going Green document in the Curriculum Guide Introductory Materials for suggestions on how to conserve resources while teaching this course. NOTE: The graphic organizers included in the curriculum guide are used to guide students in taking notes. The teacher may use alternative methods suggested in the Going Green document to provide this material to students. NOTE: A text editor is needed for this activity. Notepad++ is a free source code editor. Multiple web browsers should be installed on your classroom computers. Recommended browsers are: IE, Mozilla Firefox, Chrome, Safari or Opera. Mozilla Firefox has a web tool for responsive design in the browser. Chrome Developer Tool has mobile emulator in the browser. Safari has an emulator in its browser. Opera has an emulator download. Instructions for using the browser tools and emulators are provided in this document. 1. 2. Using the 4.02 Guiding Questions activity, Teacher will facilitate a discussion with students about the variety of devices equipped with Web browsers. Topics to lead discussion include: Size comparison of device screens. Discuss pixels, pixel density (for example, retina display) and resolution. (http ://mobiledevicesize.com/ ) Problems experienced when viewing web pages on mobile devices. Opportunities to explore with mobile devices and the Web. Teacher will present or make available to students 4.02WebBrowsers.ppt Teacher will distribute 4.02 Understand Web Browsers graphical organizer. Students should take notes on the presentation and should understand differences in Web browsers, viewports, and page rendering. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 4.02 Guiding Questions for Discussion on Mobile Devices. 4.02WebBrowsers.ppt 4.02 Understand Web Browser graphical organizer Page 229 3. Introduce the concept of Responsive Web Design. Show students one of the videos so they can visualize the concept. Students should be able to define Responsive Web Design. Preview these short introductory videos on RWD from You Tube: http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=AkPrczmw9cU http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=PTx5uaUdNRY http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=lOTHsS6nJOU 4. Examine how Web pages look in various Web browsers Provide students with this URL http://browsershots.org to see the impact of various Web browsers on Web page display or use multiple browsers installed on your classroom computers. Students should see the differences and understand why there are differences in Web browsers. Using the 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design View activity, students will work in pairs and should be able to recognize web sites that are responsive in design. Students should be able to describe what happens to the display of Web pages as the viewport changes? Specifically, what happens to text, images and layout? 5. Teacher will present or make available to students 4.02WebLayout.ppt Teacher will distribute 4.02 Understand Web Layout worksheet. Students should understand layout tags. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Use the instructions provided for your installed browser: 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design ViewMozilla Firefox 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design ViewChrome 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design ViewOpera 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design ViewSafari 4.02WebLayout.ppt 4.02 Understand Web Layout worksheet 4.02 Understand Web Layout worksheet KEY Page 230 6. Show a video demonstrating Web layouts using <div> <header> <footer> <nav> elements, in HTML5: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDn9uw7N9Xg Teacher will provide students with this URL to assist them in practicing the tags: http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/sel_element_elem ent.asp Students will create a Web page using <div> <header> <footer> <nav> tags. Students should resize the browser window or use responsive web design view in the browser to see how the elements rearrange in different resolutions. Teacher will note the use of em values for font size. Teacher will ask students to compare use of Pixel, Percent and Em in styling the font size. http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_font.asp 7. 8. Teacher will facilitate an introduction to Responsive Web Design concepts using the 4.02ResponsiveWebDesign.ppt Teacher will distribute copies of 4.02 Responsive Web Design Concepts worksheet. Students should understand the characteristics of fixed, fluid layouts and definition of responsive web design. 4.02ResponsiveWebDes ign.ppt Students should complete the 4.02 Key terms independently. 4.02 Key Terms BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 4.02 Responsive Web Design Concepts worksheet Page 231 9. Re-introduce SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) in terms of Web graphics using the 4.02 What is SVG PowerPoint. Students should recall vector graphics from Unit 2.02 Review <svg> (New tag in HTML 5) which creates a scalable graphic embedded in a Web document. Students should understand the advantages of using a vector graphic rather than a raster image. Students will practice using the <svg> tags provided: 4.02 What is SVG PowerPoint 4.02 Try the SVG Element 1. Practice with <svg> http://www.w3schools.com/html/html5_svg. asp 2. OR refer to 4.02 Try the SVG Element and students can enter the code in a plain text editor such as Notepad++ BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 232 4.02 Guiding Questions for Discussion on Mobile Devices Poll students on use of mobile devices for Web surfing. Ask students about their experience with mobile Web browsing. What problems have they noticed? (connectivity, display, battery consumption, bandwidth use/data plan, slow page loading, device detection, redirection, sites not optimized for mobile) What expectations does a mobile Web user have that are different from the desktop user? (Points of emphasis: more personal, more personalizable, portable, always connected, location awareness, one-handed operation, can be a universal alerting device) Examine variations in mobile devices. http://mobiledevicesize.com/ or http://phonesize.com/ Here are some web sites/tools that can help demonstrate how Web pages look on various devices. W3C Validator for mobile http://validator.w3.org/mobile/ Chrome Developer tool for mobile https://developers.google.com/chromedeveloper-tools/docs/mobileemulation#emulate-devices (must be enabled in Chrome) Web site with phone emulator http://www.mobilephoneemulator.com/ Mozilla Firefox Responsive Design View https://developer.mozilla.org/enUS/docs/Tools/Responsive_Design_View Built-in to web browser Opera mini-simulator (requires Java to run) BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design http://www.opera.com/developer/opera-minisimulator Summer 2014 Page 233 4.02 Understand Web Browsers Briefly answer the following questions. 1. List 3 reasons why Web browsers do not necessarily display Web pages the same way. 2. How are mobile web browsers different from desktop web browsers? 3. What is a viewport? 4. What does Web page rendering mean? BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 234 4.02 Understand Web Browsers--Key Briefly answer the following questions. 1. List 3 reasons why Web browsers do not necessarily display Web pages the same way. Variations in screen size, resolution and pixel density. Different operating systems will impact display. User preferences in browser settings. Web browsers render pages differently as they interpret the code. 2. How are mobile web browsers different from desktop web browsers? Mobile browsers need to be small and efficient to operate on a mobile device. They are optimized to display web content effectively on a small screen. 3. What is a viewport? The viewport is the area a web browser has to display a web page. 4. What does Web page rendering mean? Web browsers have a rendering engine that determines how the HTML and CSS code is displayed. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 235 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design View- Mozilla Firefox Mozilla Firefox: Tools> Web Developer Tools>Responsive Design View BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 236 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design View- Chrome Chrome Developer Tools-Mobile Emulation BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 237 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design View- Safari Safari Web Browser Emulator Tool BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 238 4.02 Viewing Websites in Responsive Design View- Opera 4.02 Opera Mobile Emulator Tool BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 239 4.02 Understand Web Layout 1. What is the definition of the <div> tag? 2. How does the usage of the <div> tag differ from the <table> tag? 3. How should the <header> tag be used? 4. How should the <footer> tag be used? 5. How should the <nav> tag be used? 6. What is the container or wrapper div? 7. What is the difference between screen resolution and pixel density? BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 240 4.02 Understand Web Layout--KEY 1. What is the definition of the <div> tag? The <div> tag defines a division or a section in an HTML document. The <div> tag is used to group block-elements to format them with CSS. 2. How does the usage of the <div> tag differ from the <table> tag? The <div> tag defines a division or section. A <table> organizes tabular data. It should not be used as a layout tool. 3. How should the <header> tag be used? The <header> tag specifies a header for a document or section. The <header> element should be used as a container for introductory content or set of navigational links. 4. How should the <footer> tag be used? The <footer> tag defines a footer for a document or section. A footer typically contains the author of the document, copyright information, links to terms of use, contact information, etc. 5. How should the <nav> tag be used? The <nav> tag defines a set of navigation links. 6. What is the container or wrapper div? The first or outermost <div> tag. 7. What is the difference between screen resolution and pixel density? Screen resolution is the count of the number of pixels across the entire width and height of a device. Pixel density is the number of device pixels on a physical surface BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 241 4.02 Responsive Web Design Concepts Directions: Record notes while viewing the 4.02 Responsive Web Design PowerPoint Define Fixed and Fluid layout and Responsive Web Design. What are the advantages/disadvantages/characteristics of each? Fixed Layout Fluid or Liquid Layout Responsive Web Design Definition: Definition: Definition: Advantages Advantages Characteristics: Disadvantages Disadvantages BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 242 4.02 Responsive Web Design Concepts page 2 1. Classify the following CSS measurement units as either absolute or relative. Circle the correct answer. Ems (em) Inches (in) Percent (%) Pixels (px) Points (pt) Picas (pc) Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative 2. List 3 advantages of using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). 3. How is the size of an em unit defined? 4. What is the purpose of a media query? BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 243 4.02 Responsive Web Design Concepts—Key Directions: Record notes while viewing the 4.02 Responsive Web Design PowerPoint and 4.02 What is SVG PowerPoint Define Fixed and Fluid layout and Responsive Web Design. What are the advantages/disadvantages/characteristics of each? Fixed Layout Fluid or Liquid Layout Responsive Web Design The width of the site is bound to a certain number of pixels The web design’s dimensions are defined in percentages rather than pixels. CSS helps to define the layout as it adapts to various screen sizes. Refers to using existing techniques involving flexible grid layout, flexible images, and media and media queries into a unified approach to web design. Advantages Easier to use Designer sees what the Advantages user will see at the More user-friendly; specified size should be more visually Disadvantages appealing Should eliminate On smaller screens, scrollbars creates scrollbars On larger screens, creates empty white spaces Disadvantages BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Less control over what user sees Requires testing on various devices to really see how the page will look Can still end up with scrollbars and empty white space Summer 2014 Requires understanding of the various devices and pixel density Must understand the needs of mobile users Requires testing in various browsers and on a variety of devices HTML and CSS expertise needed Understand Fluid vs Fixed Layout Page 244 4.02 Responsive Web Design Concepts page 2 5. Classify the following CSS measurement units as either absolute or relative. Circle the correct answer. Ems (em) Inches (in) Percent (%) Pixels (px) Points (pt) Picas (pc) Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute Absolute Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative Relative 6. List 3 advantages of using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG). SVG are scalable SVG are zoomable without degradation SVG can created and edited with a text editor SVG can be printed with high quality at any resolution 7. How is the size of an em unit defined? An em is a unit of measurement equal to the currently specified point size. In a web browser the default is 16 px = 1 em 8. What is the purpose of a media query? The main purpose of a media query is to apply different CSS rules in order to obtain different layouts, depending on the width of the display window afforded to your content BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 245 4.02 Web Page Layout Practice This document displays 2 Flash objects in a layout using the <header> <nav> <footer> and <div> tags. Students could display images, animated gifs, or videos in the main section of this document. Customize the content to fit your particular needs. This is a screenshot of the document displayed in the Chrome browser. The code is on the following page. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 246 4.02 Web Page Layout Practice This document displays 2 Flash objects in a layout using the <header> <nav> <footer> and <div> tags. Students could display images, animated gifs, or videos in the main section of this document. Customize the content to fit your particular needs. Notice that em values are used for font-size. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>My Flash Projects</title> </head> <body> <div id="container" style="width:100%; backgroundcolor:#A9A9A9"> <header style="background-color:#666666; color:#FFFFFF; textalign:center; font-family:Courier; font-size:2.5em"> Welcome to my Flash Projects Page </header> <nav style="background-color:#F8F8F8"> <a href="http://www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer.html">Adobe Flash Player</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash">What is Flash?</a> | <a href="http://www.shortoftheweek.com/category/style/flashanimation/">Flash Animations</a> </nav> <div> <h1 style="font-family:Courier; color:#666666;">Here are some of my Flash Projects that I created in Multimedia and Web Page Design</h1> <object width="550" height="400" data="johnhandwriting.swf"></object> <object width="550" height="400" data="Snowanimation.swf"></object> </div> <footer style="background-color:#990000; color:#FFFFFF; fontfamily:Courier; font-size:1.5em; clear:both; textalign:center;"> Copyright-Date-Your Name</footer> </div> </body> </html> BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 247 4.02 Key Terms Responsive Web Design Resolution Pixels per Inch (PPI) Device Pixel Bitmap Pixel Reference Pixel Pixel Density Viewport Fixed-width Layout Refers to using existing techniques involving flexible grid layout, flexible images, and media and media queries into a unified approach to web design. A simple count of the number of pixels across the entire width and height of a device A measure of screen density refers to the number of device pixels on a physical surface. The tiniest physical unit in a display; also known as a physical pixel The smallest unit of data in a raster image A W3C standard based on an optical reference unit that might be twice the size of a hardware pixel. This new pixel should look exactly the same in all viewing situations. The number of device pixels on a physical surface; often measured in pixels per inch. The rectangular area (measured in pixels) that is viewable on a device screen. The width of the site is bound to a certain number of pixels Relative units The web design’s dimensions are defined in percentages rather than pixels. 1 em equals the current font size; in a Web browser it equals 16 px Size is set in relation to surrounding elements Absolute units A specific size Fluid Layout Em space Media Query A CSS specification that allows designers to target styles based on a number of device properties Scalable Vector Graphics Defines vector-based graphics that can be embedded (SVG) directly into a Web page; SVG is a World Wide Web Consortium recommendation. Vector graphics Type of graphic that does NOT lose quality when zoomed or resized. BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 248 4.02 Try the SVG Element In HTML5, you can embed SVG elements directly into your HTML page: SVG Star Example: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <svg width="300" height="200"> <polygon points="100,10 40,180 190,60 10,60 160,180" style="fill:lime;stroke:purple;stroke-width:5;fill-rule:evenodd;" /> </svg> </body> </html> SVG Circle Example: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <h1>My first SVG</h1> <svg width="100" height="100"> <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" stroke="green" stroke-width="4" fill="yellow" /> </svg> </body> </html> BD10 Multimedia and Webpage Design Summer 2014 Page 249