Based on Part 3 of Text:
Organization
Extemporaneous
Speaking
Making Effective
Presentations
Reviewing Chapter 5
Making Effective
Presentations
Reminder from the chapter
At one university, a group of public speaking instructors
survey their students informally at the end of each term,
asking what advice they would pass on to the next group
of students.
Consistently the students’ response is “start early.” They
all regret underestimating the time necessary to prepare
a good-quality speech.
• When professionals plan a major project—whether it
is organizing an event, designing a public relations
campaign, or tooling up to manufacture a new
product— they use a number of structured time
management techniques.
•
A few valuable project management tools:
The Program Evaluation and Review Technique
(PERT) and Gantt charts, are discussed in Chapter 5.
•
Think about and apply what this chapter tells you:
Don’t underestimate the time needed to research,
compose, practice, and deliver a speech.
•
A general rule of thumb is to plan to spend
approximately one hour of preparation time for each
minute of a speech.
Reviewing Chapter 6
Topic Selection
• What Unusual Experiences Have You Had?
• What Special Knowledge or Expertise Do You
Have?
• What Strong Opinions and Beliefs Do You
Hold?
• What Would You Like to Know More About?
• How Are You Uniquely Prepared to Assist
Your Audience?
• Think deeper about your topic:
Select a Topic That Is Timely and Timeless
• Don’t pick a topic just because it seems easy
to do – and don’t pick one you can’t find
information on and synthesize
Basic Elements of a Speech
 Introduction
 Central Idea (Thesis Statement)
 Body
Main points
Sub points
Conclusion
Organizing the Body
 Identify Main Points and Sub-points
 Choose the Best Organizational Pattern
 Chronological
-- Spatial
 Topical
 Cause-effect
 Problem-solution
 Motivated Sequence *(motivational)
 Like a sales pitch -- sequence of ideas which, by following the normal
process of human thinking, motivates the audience to respond to the
speaker’s purpose
Motivated Sequence
 Attention step
 Need step
 Satisfaction step
 Visualization step
 Action step
 (persuasive)
Build A “Logic Tree”
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Rules for Main Points
 Main points should be stated as claims, declarative
sentences
 All points should support the thesis
 A presentation should contain no more than five main
points (us, usually 3)
 Each main point should contain only one idea
 No complex sentences
 Main points should be parallel in structure whenever
possible
Our book says…
 Assemble all promising information
 Use a variety of tools to identify potential points
 Main points must correspond with the thesis
 Use main points that are mutually exclusive
 Include 2-5 main points
 Express points to reflect relationships
Common Organizational Problems
 Taking Too Long to Get to the Point
 Including Irrelevant Material
 Leaving Out Necessary Information
 Getting Ideas Mixed up
 Unclear or missing transitions
 Adding info in speech that’s not in the outline
Functions of the Introduction (attention
focusing material)
 Capture the Listeners’ Attention
 Give Your Audience a Reason to Listen
 Set the Proper Tone for the Topic and Setting
 Establish Your Qualifications
 Introduce Your Thesis and Preview Your
Presentation
Types of Opening Statements
(attention-focusing ideas)
 Ask a Question or Rhetorical Question
 Tell a Story
 Present a Quotation
 Make a Startling Statement
 Refer to the Audience
 Refer to the Occasion
 Use Humor
Orientating Material
 Historical Background
 Define Terms
 Personal History or Tie to Topic
 Still keep Intro short -- don’t get into speech
body content
Our book says
 Project confidence before starting
 Engage the audience immediately
 Provide a psychological orientation
 Provide a logical orientation
 Create a compact introduction
Planning the Conclusion
 Functions of the Conclusion
 The Review
 The Closing Statement
 Types of Closing Statements
 Return to the Theme of Your Opening Statement
 Appeal for Action (inform vs. persuade)
 End With a Challenge
 Clincher connects to open -- pulls together thesis
More Conclusion
 Humorous Story
 Rhetorical Question
 Unusual or Dramatic Device
 Quotations
 Summary
 In conclusion…& close!
 Again -- short part of speech
 DON’T ASK FOR QUESTIONS
Our book says…
 Provide logical closure
 Provide psychological closure
 End your speech with a clincher
Adding Transitions (aka ‘connectives’)
 Functions of Transitions
 They Promote Clarity
 They Emphasize Important Ideas
 They Keep Listeners’ Interested
 They are the road map* to your main ideas and
supporting evidence
 *trip to Houston
Our book says…
 Select connectives that reflect logical
relationships
 Involves which organizational pattern
 ‘first of all’ / “second…”
 Use internal previews and summaries
 Internal preview: forecasting
 Summary: recapping
Major Speeches...
 Plan for 10 minute speech
 Practice, record, evaluate -- realistic setting
 Rough draft work in class; final draft speech outline and
note card(s) – see course outline – hard copies must be
stapled & note card secured
 Minimum 2 prepared visual aids in each – due day before
speech to rtv_news@yahoo.com (see course outline)
 Visual / presentation aids (later pages)
 Sources and citations – References (citations) required:
increased need and use over next two speeches
Critique Speeches
 Speaker 1
 Speaker 2
 Previous: student work
 Here: ‘professionals’
One More Prep Issue…
 Thinking ahead to visual aids
 2 different types required in Major Speeches
 Use them to enhance understanding
 Talk to the audience, not the visual aid
 Cite source for any that you do not make
Wi-Fi Radio Plans
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Auto makers putting Internet radio tuners in
cars
Home wi-fi radio
Making Money: The
SoundExchange Problem

NAB - SoundExchange Settlement

2006 - $.0008
2007 - $.0011
2008 - $.0014
2009 - $.0015
2010 - $.0016
2011 - $.0017
2012 - $.0020
2013 - $.0022
2014 - $.0023
2015 - $.0025

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The SoundExchange Problem

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Assuming 12 songs an hour times the
aggregate tuning hours from previous months
plus a growth rate.
KNDE example last month: 18,859 aggregate
tuning hours
18,859*12*$0.0015=$339.46 for the
SoundExchange fee
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If time – samples for spacing