Description of Cartographic
Materials
Cataloging Cartographic Materials
(Chapter 3 of AACR2R)
• What are cartographic materials?
– Cartographic materials include all materials that represent
the whole or part of the earth or any celestial body. Most
common cartographic material is a map - may represent
any place in the universe, real or imaginary. Includes two
and three dimensional maps and plans; aeronautical,
navigational, and celestial charts; atlases, globes, aerial
photographs.
– Maps can take the form of wall hangings, postcards,
placemats, jigsaw puzzles, etc. For items of this type
consult AACR2R chapter 3 in conjunction with AACR2R
chapter 10 (Three-dimensional artifacts and realia)
– Maps may be printed on paper, vellum, linen, plastic, or
other types of materials.
Chief source of information (in
order of preference)
• a) Item itself ; when there are more than 1
physical parts, treat all the parts as the
cartographic item.
• b) Container or case, the cradle and stand
of a globe, etc.
Chief source of information
• No straightforward title page equivalent exists for
maps since the chief source is the entire map.
(AACR2 3.0B2)
• Title is chosen on the basis of sequence or
layout. If the layout is not clear the most
comprehensive title (includes both subject and
geographic area) is used. (CM 1B8b and AACR2
3.1B3)
• The definition of prominence is much different.
Prominent is anywhere on the map
Main entry
• Cartographic materials are entered under the issuing
corporate body if that body is responsible for more than
just the publication and distribution.
• Companies such as Rand McNally and St. Louis Area
Maps (responsible for the Wunnenberg's maps) fit into
this category.
• These companies are responsible for the cartography,
publication, etc.
• If in doubt, enter under title.
Monograph or serial
• Maps may be cataloged as serials as long as they meet
the criteria:
- Issued in successive parts
- Bears a numeric and/or chronological designation
- Publication is intended to continue indefinitely
Serials maps should have:
Type: e Bib l: s
006 added for seriality
260 $c will usually be open if serial is current
300 $a will be open if serial is current
300 $a maps
300 $a atlases
362 0 $a Included if known (Starting and ending dates)
Cartographic materials
• Cartographic materials are cataloged
as Type: e
This includes atlases. This has only been
the case since 1995. Atlases cataloged
before that date were cataloged as books.
If you come across an older atlas that was
cataloged as type a change to type e. This
will cause the fix fields to change. Fill in
the appropriate fixed fields.
Fixed field: Relief
•
Relief : Can use up to four codes to show relief. Codes are
recorded in order of their importance . If fewer than four
codes are assigned, the codes are left-justified and each
unused space is blank.
blank - no relief shown on map
a) Contours: Lines joining points of equal distance
above or below a datum
b) Shading: Shadows are used to show relief
c) Gradient tints: Shows heights and depths by using
color
d) Hachures: Shows heights and depths by using short
lines
e - Bathymetry, soundings: Shows depth underwater with
contours
f - Form lines: Circles to show mountains
g - Spot heights: Cross or a dot showing where mountains
are
i - Pictorially - Drawings of hills, mountains, etc.
j - Land forms - Rock drawings to show mountains drawn to scale
k - Bathymetry, isolines - Shows depth underwater by colors
z- Other relief types
Fixed field: Mat t (Type of
cartographic material)
• a - Single map
b - Map series
c - Map serial
d - Globe
e - Atlas
006 and 007
• 006 for electronic resource for digital maps
• 006 for book aspects of atlases (if there is
substantial text in an atlas)
• 007 for maps, digital maps and atlases.
Always add 007 when the Type code is
“e”. This means digital maps will have a
map 007 and an electronic resource 007.
245
• Title proper: Maps may have several titles.
Take 245 title from actual map.
When map is folded there might be an alternate
title. This is called a panel title.
246 1 $i Panel title: $a
• General material designation (GMD):
[cartographic material]. Library of Congress
does not use GMDs for cartographic materials;
should not be input into OCLC.
245
• Prefer title closest to actual cartographic
data.
• Some maps have insets with unique titles
or additional maps on the verso.
• Envelopes or containers will often bear a
title that differs from that on chief source of
information
• Note these different titles and provide
added title access
245
• Phrases such as Compliments of ..., Courtesy of ..., or
Prepared for ... are treated as part of the statement of
responsibility. Phrases such as Distributed by ...,
Available from ..., etc. are distribution statements and
are included in the publication, distribution, etc. area.
Bodies which appear to be sponsoring bodies, but
appear without any such attribution as Compliments of ...
are incorporated into the statement of responsibility or
publication, distribution, etc. area, whichever seems
most appropriate.
• Copyright statements are not transcribed as statements
of responsibility, but may be recorded in a note if
considered important.
250
• Note edition statements:
• 250
• 250
• 250
$a 4th large scale ed.
$a New census
$a 3rd rev. concise ed.
255: Scale
•
034 - Coded cartographic material data - Data must also be entered in
textual form in
field 255. Scale is always given in a representational fraction. If only the
verbal scale is
given, it should be translated.
1st indicator : 0 Scale indeterminable/No scale given
1 Single scale
3 Range of scales (This is used only if scale varies on a single map)
$a category of scale - a - Linear scale
b - Angular scale (Used for celestial charts)
z - Other
Examples of 034 and 255
No scale given
034; 0 ;$a a
255 $a Scale not given.
255: Scale
• Scale given is 1:700,000
034 1 $a a $b 700000
255 $a Scale 1:700,000.
• Two scales are given: 1:700,000 and 1:200,000
034 1 $a a $b 700000
034; 1 $a a $b 200000
255
$a Scale 1:700,000.
255
$a Scale 1:200,000.
More than 2 scales given
034 0 $a a
255 $a Scales varies.
255: Scale
• $a Statement of scale
– 255 $a Scale 1:24,000.
– 255 $a Scale [ca.1:63,360].
• $b Statement of projection
– 255 $a Scale not given ; $b Conic equidistant proj.
• $c Statement of coordinates
– 255 $a Scale 1:250,000 ; $b Transverse Mercator proj. Everest
spheroid $c (W 74°50´ --W 74°40´/N 45°05´--N 45°00´).
– 255 $a Scale 1:7,500,000 $c (W 125°--W 65°/N 49°--N 25°).
• $d Statement of zone
– The statement of zone for celestial charts.
– 255 $a Scales vary $d (Zones +90° to +81° to 63°, -81° to 98° ;
$e eq. 1950).
• $e Statement of equinox
– The statement of equinox or epoch.
– 255 $a Scale not given $d (RA 0 hr. to 24 hr./Decl. +90° to -90° ;
$e eq. 1980).
255: Scale
• Convert statement scales to numeric. As a
rule there are 63,360 inches in a mile. If
map states 1 inch = 4 miles, multiply
63,360 x 4 = 253,440. Record as Scale
[1:253,440]
260
• Transcribe information that appears on the item as full or
partial publication statements in the publication,
distribution, etc. area, without brackets. Even if such
information must appear elsewhere in the description
(e.g., as part of a necessary statement of responsibility
or a quoted note), the information still appears in the
publication, distribution, etc. area without brackets.
• Since it is often difficult to determine whether information
on an item is presented as a full or partial publication
statement, use judgment in making this distinction.
Presentation of the information in connection with
another function (e.g., printing, drafting, distribution, etc.)
is usually taken as evidence that the information is not
publication information
260
• A date that is presented as either a date of publication or
copyright is transcribed as such according to the rules,
regardless of whether the date appears elsewhere in the
description.
• A date is transcribed as a copyright date only if it
appears on the item with either the word copyright, or the
copyright symbol. Phrases such as Registered with the
clerk of the court ..., All rights reserved ..., or Deposited
with the Librarian of Congress ... are not statements of
copyright. A date associated with such phrases are not
considered a date of publication or a copyright date,
although the date may be used as the basis for an
inferred date of publication.
• Supplied dates are always bracketed.
• When the date of publication is taken from a copyright
records, the actual date of publication is preferred to the
date of creation or the date of registration.
260
• Date - Inferred Dates: If no publication date, copyright date, or
printing date is given on the item, a publication date can often be
inferred from other dates or information appearing on the item. An
inferred date is enclosed in square brackets and may be questioned
if there is doubt whether it is the actual publication date.
• The date can be inferred from:
•
the title proper, other title information, or variant title:
– Title: 1980 official highway map
– Publication date: [1980]
•
the statement of responsibility;
– Statement of responsibility: prepared by the Dept. of Lands and
Surveys, 1978
– Publication date: [1978]
•
the edition statement;
– Edition statement: rev. 1975
– Publication date: [1975]
– Edition statement: 1979-80 ed.
– Publication date: [1979]
260
• a printer or publisher’s code;
– Code on CIA map: 503821 6-78
– Publication date: [1978]
– Code on United Nations map: CART-M-74-3
– Publication date: [1974]
• other information appearing elsewhere on the item.
– Statistical data in text: ... 1975 estimated population ...
– Publication date: [1975?]
– Text on map: ...freeway to open fall 1980 ...
– Publication date: [1980?]
260
• However, the date should not be inferred from:
• date of geodetic control;
– 1927 North American datum
• date of magnetic declination;
– 1975 magnetic north declination
• dates of boundaries;
– ... cease-fire lines as of 1967
– ... international boundaries as of Sept. 1, 1939
• dates in base map statements.
– ...based on the 1972 Forest Service class A map
– ...base map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey in 1969
• A date of publication may be inferred form the acquisition
stamp. The reasoning used is the same as above. The date is
therefore questioned. (An item is inferred to be published in
the current year.)
300
• The physical description consists of the
number of items, color (if any), material (if
other than
paper), mounting (if any), and size.
Atlases - Are described like a book
300 $a 1 atlas (xv, 415 p.) : $b col. ill.,
col. maps ; $c 35 cm.
300
• Dimensions for maps
Give in $c height by width in centimeters, measuring
between the neat lines.
Neat lines - the innermost of a series of lines that frame
the map.
Should usually measure the map and not the sheet. If
the map is too irregular to determine
the size, the sheet may be measured.
If a map is intended to be folded include the dimensions
of the map and the size folded.
• 300 $a 1 map : $b col. ; $c 70 x 82 cm. folded to 21 x 12
cm.
300
• Dimensions for atlases
Measure atlases according to the rules for books.
Dimensions for globes
Give the diameter of a globe
300 $a 1 globe : $b col., plastic, on metal stand ; $c 12
cm. in diam.
Containers
Optional: Add the description and dimensions of the
container if deemed important.
300 $a 1 globe : $b col., wood, on metal stand ; $c 20
cm. in diam. in box 40 x 12 x 12
cm.
300 $a 1 map : $b col. ; $c 200 x 350 cm. folded to 20 x
15 cm. in plastic case 25 x 20 cm.
Notes
• The first notes are unique to maps. They show:
– additional content of the map not found in the title,
– justification for the date of situation in the call number,
and
– relief on main map (AACR2 3.7B1 and MCM p. 3.63.12)
• Kinds of relief include:
–
–
–
–
–
contours
form lines
spot heights
shading
Soundings
satellite imagery
gradient tints
hachures
pictorial
landforms
Examples:
• Relief shown by contours, shading, and
hachures.
• Relief shown pictorially and by spot heights.
• Depths shown by contours and gradient tints.
• Relief shown pictorially and by spot height.
Depths shown by gradient tints.
• Relief shown pictorially. Sounding in feet.
• Relief shown by contours and shading. Depths
shown by contours.
Notes
• Language: provide information on language(s) if more than
one language is present.
– 041 1 $a fre $b eng
– 546
$a In French with legend in English.
• Give the source of the title proper whenever it is not taken
from the recto of the map, namely, when it is taken from the
verso, cover, panel, or accompanying text. (MCM p. 3.14 - p.
3.18)
– 500 $a Panel title.
– 500 $a Title from external envelope.
– 500 $a Title supplied by cataloger.
• A statement of responsibility note may contain the name of
the copyright holder if an access point is needed. (MCM p. 2.2
and p. 5.2)
– 500 $a City map copyrighted by Azle Chamber of
Commerce."
Notes
• Orientation (MCM 3.23)
– 500 $a Oriented with north to [left, bottom, or right] or,
– 500 $a Oriented with north toward [the upper left, the
lower right, etc.]
• Physical Description: notes on details that affect
use but are not included in 300
– 500 $a Printed on both sides of sheet, dissected and
laminated.
– 500 $a Has watermark in shape of anchor.
• Contents
– The order of the notes in this area is very specific:
recto, verso, cover. (MCM p. 3.30)
Three Types of Cartographic
Electronic Resources:
•
•
•
Scanned images of maps
– A map is a representation, normally to scale and on a flat medium,
of a selection of material or features on the surface of the Earth.
– Scanning involves capturing images from hardcopy sources. Maps
are usually scanned on large-format colour scanners.
Electronic atlases
– An atlas is a systematically arranged collection of maps. It is
distinguished from other collections of maps primarily by the
publisher’s or compiler’s intent that the work by used like a book
and shelved in the form as issued.
– An electronic atlas may be the digital counterpart to a traditional
paper atlas, or it may be interactive, allowing users to manipulate
the data.
Geospatial data
– “Geospatial data are information about the shape and location of
objects on the Earth’s surface that can be manipulated in desktop
mapping or in geographic information systems (GIS) programs
(e.g., ArcView, ArcInfo, MapInfo, Intergraph) to perform geographic
analysis and produce maps.”
Published vs. Commercial
• “Published” electronic resource = available
and/or accessible to the public.
• Includes commercially available packages,
data, etc., or files that may be downloaded
and/or accessed via the Internet.
• Non-commercial geospatial data are often
distributed on CD-ROMs without any
special packaging.
What is a cartographic electronic
resource?
• Emphasis on cartographic material.
• Textual material is secondary and serves
mainly to support and explain the
cartographic content.
• Code the Leader/06 (Type of Record)
character position “e” for Cartographic
material.
Coding the Fixed Fields
• LC adds an 008 for maps and an 007 for computer files.
• Can also add an 006 for computer files and an 007 for
maps.
• Relief is usually blank for No relief shown.
• Projection indicates the projection used in producing the
item.
• Type of cartographic material indicates the type
described in the bibliographic record. LC uses only “a” Single map or “b” - Map series.
• Government publication indicates whether the item is
published or produced by or for a government agency.
Coding the Fixed Fields
• Form of item indicates the form of material
for the item. s - Electronic
• Index indicates whether the item or
accompanying material includes a location
index or gazetteer. 0 - No index 1 - Index
present
• Special format characteristics indicates the
special format characteristics of the map.
Usually give as blank.
006--Computer Files/Electronic
Resources
• Form of material is “m” - Computer file/Electronic
resource
• Type of computer file is usually “c” for
Representational or “m” for Combination.
• Representational = pictorial or graphic
information that can be manipulated in
conjunction with other types of files to produce
graphic patterns that can be used to interpret
and give meaning to the information.
• Government publication
007--Electronic Resource
• $a Category of material is “c” - Electronic resource
• $b Specific material designation is “o” - Optical disc
• $d Color is
– a - One color
– b - Black-and-white
– c - Multicolored
• $e Dimensions is “g” - 4 3/4 in. or 12 cm.
• $f Sound is
– # - No sound (silent)
– a - Sound on medium
007--Map
• $a Category of material is “a” - Map
• $b Specific material designation:
– d - Atlas
– j - Map
– r - Remote-sensing image (An image produced by a
recording device that is not in physical or intimate
contact with the object under study. Remote-sensing
devices include cameras, lasers, radiometers,
scanners, radar systems, sonar, and scintillation
counters used at a distance (as from aircraft,
spacecraft, or ship)).
007--Map
• $d Color
– a - One color
– c - Multicolored
• $e Physical medium indicates the material out of
which the item is made.
– Consider coingde this with a fill character because
digital maps do not exist on a physical medium.
– | - No attempt to code
• $f Type of reproduction indicates whether the
item is a facsimile or other type of reproduction.
– n - Not applicable
007--Map
• $g Production/reproduction details
indicates the photographic technique used
to produce the item. z - Other
• %h Positive/negative aspect indicates the
positive/negative polarity of the photocopy
or film. n - Not applicable
General Material Designation
• GMD for digital maps.
• LC policy to use [electronic resource], so
that the GMD matches the physical
description of the record. LC never uses
[cartographic material]
034--Coded Cartographic
Mathematical Data
• Coded form of the cartographic mathematical
data contained in field 255.
• 034 1 $a a |b 100000 with
• 255 $a Scale 1:100,000.
• 034:0 $a a with
• 255 $a Scale not given.
• 034 1 $a a $b 253440 $d E0790000 $e
E0860000 $f N0200000 $g N0120000 with
• 255 $a Scale 1:253,440 $c (E 79°--E 86°/N
20°--N 12°).
043, 045
• 043--Geographic Area Code is not used
for maps.
• 045--Time Period of Content is used by LC
to represent the date of map situation, the
date portrayed by the map.
• Date of situation is considered to be of
almost equal importance to the geographic
and subject content of the map, and is
included as part of the item’s call number.
255--Cartographic Mathematical Data
• For electronic resources, give the scale if the
resource has a scale statement or if the scale is
already recorded as part of the title. Otherwise,
give Scale not given.
• If the main maps in a cartographic item are of
more than one scale, give Scales differ.
• If all of the main maps in a cartographic item are
of two scales, give both scales in separate scale
statements. If there are more than two scales,
give Scales differ.
5xx--Notes
• 500 Source of title proper. This note is
required for electronic resources. The
chief source of information for cartographic
electronic resources is the resource itself.
• For commercial publications on CD-ROM,
usually give Title from disc label.
5xx--Notes
• 516 Type of computer file or data note. A
general descriptor that characterizes a file
(e.g., text, computer program, numeric).
• Specific information such as the form or
genre of textual material (e.g., biography,
indexes) also may be included.
• Add if the nature of the item is not apparent
from the rest of the description.
5xx--Notes
• 530 - Additional Physical Form Available
Note. Example: Also available in print
version and online via the GLERL home
page.
65x--Subjects
• Currently no way to indicate a scanned
map is in digital form. LC uses 653 (Index
term - uncontrolled) Maps--Digital.
• Don’t use $v Databases.
• Digital mapping is for works ABOUT digital
mapping, not for actual digital maps.
• Don’t use 650 Geographic information
systems $v Maps.