Part 3: Designing and Producing Apparel

• Explain the importance of each element of design in relation to fashion
• Apply the principles of design to apparel
• Describe how harmony is achieved in garment designs
• Discuss how to use design to create illusions that enhance appearance

– Color
– Shape
– Line
– Texture
– Balance
– Proportion
– Emphasis
– Rhythm

C O L O R
• Hue
– The name given to a color
• Value
– The lightness or darkness of a hue
• Tint
– Adding white to a hue (pastel)
• Shade
– Adding black to a hue
• Intensity
– The brightness or dullness of a hue

C O L O R
• Black elegant, sophisticated, dignified, strong, serious, sad
• Brown earthy, casual, comfortable, natural
• Navy dignified, cool, classic, peaceful, calm
• Green – signifies life, nature, friendly
• Red aggressive, passionate, vibrant
• Yellow sunny, cheerful, warm
• Orange cheerful, youthful, lively
• Violet royal, wise, dramatic
• Gray modest, sad, quiet dignity, professional
• Beige quiet, tailored
• White – innocent, youthful, pure
• Pink soft, feminine
• Gold wealth, power, luxury

• Pick up Color Wheel Worksheet
• Using colored pencils, color in the color wheel.

C O L O R
• Prim ary Hues
– Red, yellow, blue
• Secon dary Hues
– Orange, green, violet
• Inter mediate or Tertiary
Hues
– Yellow-green, yelloworange, red-orange, redviolet, blue-violet, bluegreen

C O L O R
• M o n o c h r o m a t i c • T r i a d
• A
– Tints and shades of one hue n a lo g o u s
– 3 hues equal distance
• Ac c e nt ed n e u tr al
– Adjacent hues
– Neutral (white, black, gray, beige) with an
• C o m p l e m e n t a r y accent of bright color
– Opposite hues
• Sp lit complementary
– 1 hue with hues on each side of its complement

• Restful to the eye because unity results from just one color
• Pair with black or white for a nice crisp and chic look

• Sometimes called a ‘related’ color scheme
• Choose different values and intensities for some contrast
• Provides your outfit with harmony

• Provides great contrast
• The colors look even brighter when they are used side-byside

• Three colors
• Generally more flattering and dimensional

• Great contrast
• To soften the contrast, choose to combine pleasing values and intensities

• Very pleasing to the eye and very versatile in fashion

• Color one character in each of the following color schemes:
– Monochromatic
– Analogous
– Complementary
– Split Complementary
– Triad Color Scheme
– Accented Neutral Color Scheme

Monochromatic Complementary
Triad Color Scheme
Accented Neutral
Analogous
Split Complementary

C O L O R
Using Color in Fashion
• Extreme contrast makes colors look brighter
• Light colored objects appear larger
• Dark colored objects recede or appear smaller
• Fashion is more attractive without equal areas of light and dark
• Color is affected by light and texture

LINE
• Shape or silhouette
– Outline or form
– Determined by cut and construction of the garment
• Three basic shapes in fashion
– Straight
– Bell-shaped
– A-line
• Lines in Fashion
– Outline the inner and outer spaces
– Can be structural or decorative
The shape of the pants are bell-bottoms, the lines
(stripes) are decorative

LINE
• Straight
– Bold, severe, dignified
• Curved
– Flowing, rounded, soft, youthful
• Jagged or Diagonal
– Noticeable, interesting, can create confusion
• Vertical
– Height, slimming, dignity
• Horizontal
– Width, restful, calming

• Tactile quality of goods or how material feels
• Can be created from fibers, yarns, and fabric construction
• Illusions
– Shiny, bulky, fuzzy, or heavy textures make figures look larger
– Dull or flat textures tend to slenderize

Balance
• Formal balance
– Symmetrical
– Dignified
– Can look boring
• Informal balance
– Creates balance asymmetrically
– Elements placed unequally in a way that achieves balance
Equality among the parts of a design or outfit

Pr o
rt i o n
• The spatial, or size, relationship of the parts of design to each other and to the whole
• Most pleasing when divided unevenly
• Garments should bring out the natural proportions of the body to be pleasing
What parts of the jacket are out of proportion?

A
• A concentration of interest in a particular part or area of a design.
• May be achieved with contrasts of colors or textures, structural lines, or unusual shapes
Is your eye drawn to the tie? Or perhaps to the “a” in emphasis?

• Creates easy movement of the observer’s eye by:
• Repetition
– Repeats lines, shapes, colors, or textures
• Gradation
– Increase or decrease of design elements (also called progression)
• Radiation
– Created by lines or colors emerging from a center
(petals on a flower)

• Pleasing visual unity of all aspects of a design
• All parts of the design look as if they belong
• Does not have excess variation that could displease or detract

• Use the elements and principles of design to accentuate positive figure traits and deemphasize negative ones
• Fashion professionals know how to do this
Which one is most slimming?

• Sketch a ‘fashion merchandise’ garment of your choice. (tank, dress, skirt, t-shirt, jeans)
• Using the 4 Elements of Design (Color, Line,
Shape, Texture) design the garment to meet your style guidelines.
• Below the garment, discuss why you chose each of the 4 elements and how each element works for specific body types.
• 2 Sentences for each element of design – 8 sentences total