AACR2's Strategic Plan
and IFLA Work towards an
International Cataloguing Code
Dr. Barbara B. Tillett
Library of Congress Representative to the Joint Steering
Committee for Revision of the Anglo-American Cataloguing
Rules
Presentation to the
Commissione permanente per l’aggiornamento della
RICA
November 21, 2002
Rome, Italy
History of AACR
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Panizzi – British Museum – 91 rules (1841)
Cutter – Rules for a dictionary catalog (1876)
Paris Principles (1961)
AACR (1967)
– North American ed.
– British ed.
• ISBD (1969+)
• AACR2 (1978)
AACR2
• AACR2 (1978, 1988,
1998, 2002)
AACR Used Worldwide
• Basis of the majority of records in machinereadable form
– Over 48 million in OCLC
– Worldwide publication coverage
AACR2, 2002 Revision
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Now available
Loose-leaf
Binder with tabs
Annual updates
LC Actions to Implement AACR
Changes
• Implementation of the
2002 Revision effective
December 1, 2002
• Distribution of updates
– LCRIs for internal
consistency of rule
application
– Cataloger’s Desktop
Descriptive and Access Elements
• Description
– ISBD areas
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4
5
6
7
8
• Access
title and statement of responsibility
edition
material specific details
publication, distribution, etc.
physical description
series
notes
standard numbers and terms of availability
– Controlled vocabularies, syndetic structure of references
– Classification, call numbers, standard numbers, barcodes
– Direct links
Structure of the Rules
Part I - Description
• Chapter 1 – General rules
• Chapter 2-12 – Classes of material
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Books, Pamphlets, and Printed Sheets
Cartographic Materials
Manuscripts
Music
Sound Recordings
Motion Pictures and Videorecordings
Graphic Materials
Electronic Resources
Three-dimensional Artefacts and Realia
Microforms
Serials
• Chapter 13 - Analysis
Part II – Choice and Form of
Access Points
• Chapter 21 – Choice of Access Points
• Chapter 22-25 – Headings
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Persons
Geographic Names
Corporate Bodies
Uniform Titles
• Chapter 26 - References
Appendices
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Capitalization
Abbreviations
Numerals
Initial Articles
Glossary
• Index
JSC Meeting - Sept. 9-11, 2002
York, England
• FRBR terminology
– So rules will be more precise
• Format Variation Working Group
– Expression-level citations
– OPAC displays for collocation
• Work level
• Expression level (versions, translations,
performances, etc.)
• Manifestation level
JSC Meeting - Sept. 9-11, 2002
York, England
• SMD (Special Material designators)
• Ch. 9 - Electronic Resources
– Class of materials (computer files, software,
etc.) vs..
– “Carrier” or “container” - “digital” as a type of
manifestation
• Area 8 Standard Numbers --> Area 7 Notes
Strategic Plan for AACR
• AACR is a
multinational code for
bibliographic
description and access
• For all media
• Developed for use in
English-language
communities
• Independent of
communication format
• Rules constantly evolve
to meet changing needs
• Allow for different levels
of description
• Assure consistency of
practice for shared
cataloguing
• Enable search precision
through controlled forms
of access points
Target 1
New edition (AACR3)
• 2005 (2007 or 2008?)
• For Web-environment
• Compatible with
international efforts
• New Introductions
– Cataloging principles and
concepts for description and
access
• FRBR terminology and
concepts
– Work, Expression,
Manifestation, Item
• Revise ambiguous and
inconsistent terms
– main entry, added entry,
entry
• Authority control concepts • Class of materials &
GMD problems to be
resolved
Objectives of the Catalog
User Tasks
• Find
– Locate a single resource
– Collocate all resources at various levels
• Gathering together all works of an author (by author’s name,
title, subject, etc.)
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Identify
Select
Obtain
Navigate
Principles of Bibliographic
Description and Access
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User convenience
Common usage
Representation
Accuracy
Sufficiency and necessity
Brevity and clarity
Standardization
Integration
Independent of format
Target 2
Outreach to other communities
• Build relationships with other groups
– ISBD Review Group communications
– Rule-making bodies worldwide
• Participation in key conferences and meetings:
– IFLA meeting of experts (1st : Frankfurt, 2003)
– Dublin Core, VRA, DOI, MARBI, etc.
• Publicize “Strategic Plan”
– JSC Web site: http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/jsc/
Target 3
Add a Web-based version of rules
• Identify issues with AACR publishers in
2002-2003
• Resolve issues arising from advice and
comments on requirements, functionality,
etc.
• Co-publishers will conduct market research
in 2003
FRBR Impact on Cataloging Rules
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Conceptual model of bibliographic universe
New vocabulary
Clarifies concepts
Renews focus on the objectives of a catalog
– Collocation of works and expressions
• Reinforces importance of controlled access
– Relationships among bibliographic resources
and agents
Work
is realized through
Expression
Intellectual/
artistic content
Physical recording of
content
Manifestation
Item
is embodied in
is exemplified by
FRBR Entity Levels
Expression:
The Movie
The Novel
Work:
Orig.
Text
Transl.
Critical
Edition
Orig.
Version
Manifestation:
Paper
PDF
HTML
FRBR Entity Levels
Family of works
The Movie
The Novel
Work:
Expression:
Orig.
Text
Transl.
Critical
Edition
Orig.
Version
Manifestation:
Paper
Item:
Copy 1
Autographed
PDF
Copy 2
HTML
Applications
• OCLC Research (to be published)
– ~20% of works have more than 1 manifestation
• Classics of literature vs. scientific studies
• Examples in the OCLC database
– Shakespeare’s Hamlet
• 1 work, 2696 manifestations
– Rowling, J.K. (Harry Potter stories)
• 28 works, 300 manifestations
Collocation by Expressions
• Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
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Books – Danish
Books – Dutch
Books – English
Books – French
Books – Spanish
Motion Pictures – English
Collocation by Expressions
• J.S. Bach’s Goldberg variations
– Performances: Glen Gould (1981)
– Scores
IFLA Work –
International Cataloguing Code
• 1960’s meetings of experts
– Paris 1961  Paris Principles (access)
• (International Conference on Cataloguing Principles)
– Copenhagen 1969  ISBDs (description)
• (International Meeting of Cataloging Experts)
• Changes
– Online/Web catalogs, machine-readable records
– FRBR concepts (1998)
– Electronic and future “carriers” for information
IFLA Activities
• IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International
Cataloguing Code
– 2003, Frankfurt (European codes)
– 2004, Buenos Aires (Central America, South
America)
– 2006, Seoul, Korea (Asian codes)
IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003
• Goals:
• Objective:
 increase ability to
share cataloguing
worldwide
 Promote content
standards for
bibliographic and
authority records
 Get our codes closer
together
– Examine European
cataloguing codes
• Similarities
• Differences
– Why different (cultural
variations?)
IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003
• Commissioned papers
on Web
– Discussion within
countries and shared
globally (April-June
2003)
• Presentations and
working groups in
Frankfurt (July 2003)
– Limited to 50-60 participants –
invitation only
• Focus topics:
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Names of persons
Names of corporate bodies
Uniform titles / GMDs
Seriality / when to make a
new record
– Multilevel cataloging of
multiple works in multiple
volumes
– Paris Principles: main and
added entries
IFLA Meeting of Experts 2003
IFL A