Surmounting Borders
as Barriers to Best Practices –
The Case of GIS
Prevention Research: Driving Successful Outcomes
Barbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPP
Desiree Goetze, MPH, CHES, CPP ….
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
21st Annual National Prevention Network Conference
Indianapolis Marriott Downtown Hotel
August 27, 2008
1
We will learn:
• Why it is imperative to surmount borders
• How borders present barriers to success
• Ways technology obstructs and facilitates
surmounting borders
• That we need to acknowledge our power
to influence others and be responsible
• We need to acknowledge our neighbors’
influence over us and work together
2
Learning Objectives
We live w/in and beyond boundaries.
Source: http://geography.about.com/library/misc/ncounties.htm
Counties of the Continental US
3
Source: http://geography.about.com/library/misc/ncounties.htm
International Boundaries
4
We live w/in and beyond
boundaries.
Source: http://geography.about.com/library/misc/ncounties.htm
Common concerns for the planet
5
9-OH, 11-KY,10-IL,5-MI
IN’s Neighbors
6
Source: http://geography.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/state/indiana.html
Source: http://www.wunderground.com/US/Region/Midwest/2xMaxTemp3Day.html
Weather ignores boundaries
7
Rivers
cross
borders.
They
often
define
them.
8
Source: http://geography.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/state/indiana.html
Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25193213/
9
Midwest flooding – June 2008
People
and their
societies
defy
boundaries
Source: US
Census,
Population
figures from
C2K
RANK CITY
STATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
IL
MI
IN
OH
WI
OH
MO
NE
MN
MO
Chicago
Detroit
Indianapolis
Columbus
Milwaukee
Cleveland
Kansas City
Omaha
Minneapolis
St. Louis
POP
2,896,016
951,270
791,926
711,470
596,974
478,403
441,545
390,007
382,618
348,189
Ten Largest Midwestern Cities
10
Source:
US
Census,
Populati
on
figures
from
C2K
RANK
CITY
STATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chicago
Detroit
Minn-St Paul
St. Louis
Cleveland
Cincinnati
Kansas City
Milwaukee
Indianapolis
Columbus
IL-IN
MI
MN
MO-IL
OH
OH-KY-IN
MO-KS
WI
IN
OH
POP
8,307,904
3,903,377
2,388,593
2,077,662
1,786,647
1,503,262
1,361,744
1,308,913
1,218,919
1,133,193
Ten Largest Urban Areas
11
Source:
US
Census,
Populati
on
figures
from
C2K
RANK
CITY
STATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chicago
Detroit
Minn-St Paul
St. Louis
Cleveland
Cincinnati
Kansas City
Columbus
Indianapolis
Milwaukee
IL-IN-WI
MI
MN-WI
MO-IL
OH
OH-KY-IN
MO-KS
OH
IN
WI
Ten Largest Metro Areas
POP
9,098,316
4,452,557
2,968,806
2,698,687
2,148,143
2,009,632
1,836,038
1,612,694
1,525,104
1,500,741
12
Source: US Census Bureau
Minneapolis St. Paul Metro Area
13
Source: http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/ag064.pdf
Arable Land Defined by Soil
14
Source: http://www.census.gov/geo/www/mapGallery/images/ntar000.pdf
Transportation Analysis Regions
15
Transportation Analysis Regions
Source:
http://www.census.
gov/geo/www/map
Gallery/images/nta
r000.pdf
16
Transportation Analysis Regions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
American Indian and Alaska Native Areas
County Subdivisions
Places
Census Tracts and Block Groups
Urban and Rural Classifications
Metropolitan Areas
Voting Districts
Area Measurement/Water Classification
Source: Geographic Areas Reference Manual, ch 13.
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/garm.html
17
Types of Geographic Divisions
Source Geographic Areas
Reference Manual, ch
6.Stat Groupings of
States and Counties,
http://www.census.gov/
geo/www/GARM/Ch6G
ARM.pdf
18
Census Regions and Divisions
Boundaries – Arbitrary, Changing
Source: Geographic Areas Reference Manual, ch 6.Stat Groupings of States
and Counties,
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch6GARM.pdf
The United States, 1st Census, 1790
19
Boundaries – Arbitrary, Changing
Source: Geographic Areas Reference Manual, ch 6.Stat Groupings of States
and Counties,
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch6GARM.pdf
1850 Census, Areas/Boundaries
20
Boundaries – Arbitrary, Changing
Socioeconomic homogeneity is the principal criterion for grouping States into regions.
223
293
counties
45
• Source: Geographic Areas614
Reference Manual, ch 6.Stat Groupings of
States and Counties,
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/GARM/Ch6GARM.pdf
1900 Topographic Divisions, Regions
21
Source Geographic Areas
Reference Manual, ch
6.Stat Groupings of
States and Counties,
http://www.census.gov/
geo/www/GARM/Ch6G
ARM.pdf
22
Census Regions and Divisions
Boundaries – Arbitrary, Changing
Source:
http://fhm.f
s.fed.us/fh
h/fhh01/in/in_01
.htm
23
Past Year
Ages 12-17
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, NSDUH, Figure 5.2, based on 2004 and 2005
NSDUHs http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k5State/ch5.htm#Fig5.1
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
24
Past Year
Ages 18-25
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, NSDUH, Figure 5.2, based on 2004 and 2005
NSDUHs http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k5State/ch5.htm#Fig5.1
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
25
Past Mo Alcohol Use
Ages 12-20
Source: The NSDUH Report. Issue 13 (2006) SAMHSA, OAS, 2003-2004.
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k6/stateUnderageDrinking/underageDrinking.htm
26
Past Mo. Alcohol Use, Ages 12-20
30.2
Source: The NSDUH
Report. Issue 13
(2006) SAMHSA,
OAS, 2003-2004.
http://www.oas.samh
sa.gov/2k6/stateUnd
erageDrinking/under
ageDrinking.htm
30.4
29.8
26.7
30.
27
Past Mo. Alcohol Use, Ages 12-20
Past Mo Alcohol Use
Ages 12-20
Rank
State
Rate
23
IL
30.4
25
MI
30.2
27
KY
30
29
OH
29.8
39
IN
26.7
30.2
29.8
30.4
26.7
30.
Source: The NSDUH Report. Issue 13 (2006 SAMHSA, OAS, 2003-2004.
http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k6/stateUnderageDrinking/underageDrinking.htm
Past Mo. Alcohol Use, Ages 12-20
28
Need but Not Receiving Treatment
Past Year, Ages 12-17
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, NSDUH, Figure 5.26, based on 2004 and 2005
NSDUHs http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k5State/ch5.htm#Fig5.26
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
29
Need but Not Receiving Treatment
Past Year, Ages 18-25
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, NSDUH, Figure 5.27, based on 2004 and 2005
NSDUHs http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k5State/ch5.htm#Fig5.27
Alcohol Dependence or Abuse
30
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Townhall Meetings
Coalitions to Reduce Underage Drinking
Compliance Checks
Laws
Policies
Campus Programs, Policies
Survey Research
State Strategic Planning
Drug Free Community and other Grants
31
Actions/Concerns
Source: PIRE, Strategic Prevention Framework: NC Model (10-25-06)
32
SPF SIG Grants Cohorts I & II by CAPT Region
University
Alcohol Retail
Outlet
Butler
Marion
College
Indianapolis Downtown
Campus of Ivy Tech
IUPUI
U of Indy
33
Marion County Universities and Alcohol Retail Outlets
1 and 2
Miles
around
Univers
ity of
Indiana
polis
34
Alcohol Outlets around Univ.
Includes drug
consumption, crime,
socioeconomic
consequences
Source: PIRE, Strategic Prevention Framework: NC Model (10-25-06)
35
Outcome Based Prevention
Source: 2006 Crime Risk, 2007
Personal Crime – Murder
36
2007
Source: 2006 Crime Risk, 2007
Nation = 100
Indiana = 95
Personal Crime – Murder
37
111
128
78
95
IN (95) and Florida (98) are closest
to the national murder rate without
reaching it.
IL, MI, DC and the southern states
are at and above the national level
for murder.
78
Source: 2006 Crime Risk, 2007
38
Personal Crime – Murder
http://www.greenmapp
ing.org/maps/gimap.pdf
14-County Region – Green Infrastructure
39
14-County Region – Green Infrastructure
http://ww
w.greenm
apping.or
g/maps/gi
-map.pdf
40
14-County Region – Green Infrastructure
http://www.g
reenmappin
g.org/maps/
gi-map.pdf
41
14-County Region – Green Infrastructure
Past
Year,
18-25
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, Fig. 2-7. Annual Averages Based on 2005 and 2006
NSDUHs. http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k6state/Ch2.htm#2.7
Marijuana Use
42
Past
Year,
12-17
43
1st Use of Marijuana Use
Fig. 2.18
Past
Year,
12 and
older
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, Fig. 2-20.
Annual Averages Based on 2005 and 2006
NSDUHs
Illicit Drug Use (not marijuana)–
44
Past
Year,
12 and
older
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, Fig. 2-28.
Annual Averages Based on 2005 and 2006
NSDUHs
Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers –
45
Past
Year,
12-17
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, Fig. 2-29.
Annual Averages Based on 2005 and 2006
NSDUHs
Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers –
46
Past
Year,
18-25
Source: SAMHSA, OAS, Fig. 2-30.
Annual Averages Based on 2005 and 2006
NSDUHs
Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers –
47
Past
Yr– 26
or
Older
Fig. 2-31. Annual Averages Based on 2005 and 2006 NSDUHs
Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers –
48
Source: 2006 Crime Risk, 2007
Crime Indices – Total Crime
49
Nation = 100
Indiana = 90
Source: 2006 Crime Risk, 2007
Total Crime
50
96
95
98
70
Source: 2006 Crime Risk, 2007
51
Total Crime
96
Crime Risk 2007 – Total Crime
95
98
INDIANA = 90
US = 100
70
Source: 2006 Crime Risk, 2007
52
Total Crime
As Percent
of Ave.
Household
Income
AGS, 2007
Per HH Alcohol Spending
AGS, 2007
53
As Percent
of Ave.
Household
Income
AGS, 2007
Annual per HH Tobacco Spending
54
As Percent
of Ave.
Household
Income
AGS, 2007
Per HH Tobacco Spending
55
As Percent
of Ave.
Household
Income
AGS, 2007
Per HH Tobacco Spending
56
We have learned:
Why it is imperative to surmount borders
• We live dynamically, in contexts, not in
bubbles or silos
• Like peers, we influence one another
• Like people, as groups we need support
• It is our responsibility to ourselves and
others. Together we are stronger.
Conclusion
57
We have learned:
How borders present barriers to success
•
•
•
•
Governments have boundaries.
Funding often limited by boundaries
Data is generally presented by boundaries
Policies, laws and program coverage is
often limited by boundaries.
58
Conclusion
We have learned:
Ways technology obstructs and facilitates
our surmounting borders
•
•
•
•
•
Creates buttresses, invisible walls, limits
We purchase data by boundaries
We describe phenomenon by boundary
Technology allows us to see relationships
Technology allows us to study dynamics
59
Conclusion
We have learned:
• That we need to acknowledge our power
to influence others and be responsible
HOW?
• Use GIS to study broader environment
• Note risk factors that are higher in your area
• ID and study intervening variables
• Note policies, practices and programs that
contribute to progress or problems
• Brainstorm together how to coordinate
Conclusion
60
We have learned:
That we need to acknowledge our neighbors’
influence over us and work together:
HOW TO DO THIS: Some ideas
• Share information online (IPRC County Profiles)
• Share at conferences
• RADAR Network, SALIS, regional groups
• Obtain data about your neighbors
• Share findings
61
Conclusion
For more information:
Indiana Prevention Resource Center
812/855-1237
62