Unit 2
Reformation Counter Reformation, Religious Wars
Documents selected for instruction may include but are not limited to:
Textbook and Primary Sources
Kagan, The Western Heritage. Ch: 11, 12
John Tetzel, The Spark for the Reformation: Indulgences”
Martin Luther, “Justification by Faith”
Martin Luther, “Condemnation of Peasant Revolt
John Calvin, “Institutes of the Christian Religion: Predestination”
“Constitution of the Society of Jesus”
Teresa of Avila, “The Way of Perfection”
Peter Paul Rubens, “Loyola and Catholic Reform”








Secondary Sources
DocPkt – 1 Protestant Reformation 3,3
DocPkt – 5 Edict of Restitution, 1669
DocPkt – 5 Excerpts from Malleus Maleficarum
•
•
•
•
•
Visual Sources
Luther and the New Testament
Luther and the Catholic Clergy Debate – Sebald Beham
Loyola and Catholic Reform – Peter Paul Rubens
War and Violence – Jan Brueghel and Sebastian Vrancx
Germany and the Thirty Years’ War








Unit Focus
The social and religious background to the Reformation
Martin Luther’s challenge to the church and the course of the Reformation in Germany
The Reformation in Switzerland, France, and England
Transitions in family life between medieval and modern times
The war between Calvinists and Catholics in France
The Spanish occupation of the Netherlands
The struggle for supremacy between England and Spain
The devastation of central Europe during the Thirty Year’s War
Name: ______________________ Hour: ____ AP European History – Mr. W.B. Brooks
#
Assignment Title
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RJ1
RG
CL1
CL2
Kagan Chapter(s) – Readings & Multiple Choice Questions
Vocabulary & Review Questions
Protestant Reformation 1
Protestant Reformation 2
The Wars of Religion (Use “Wars of Religion” PowerPoint)
Activity – Jigsaw of Explorers
Editorial Activity
Reformation Chart & Jigsaw
Unit Reading Journal (Completed By 3rd Day of Unit)
Reading Groups (Done In Class On Day Before Unit Exam)
Reading Quiz (Only Over Textbook Chapters)
Unit Summative / Exam (MC, FRQ, DBQ – Possible Formats)
Due
Points
Date Possible
First Semester, Unit II: Europe Expands & Divides—Overseas Discoveries & the Protestant
Reformation Calendar
Reading: Text, document handouts, Luther excerpts, 12 Articles of the Swabian Peasants
Day
Date
Topic of the Day
Reformation Video and PPT Intro to the era
How to Write a DBQ in AP Euro—Rubric and 2008 Docs on the German Peasant’s
Revolt
DBQ’s due on __________________________
Jigsaw of Explorers—chart; peasants’ revolt document analysis and prep for debate
German Peasants’ Revolt Debate and concluding discussion
The Reformation in France—Handout and Editorial Activity
The Reformation in England—PPT and docs and family tree
Calvinism, Anabaptism, and other reformers—group jigsaw preparation; Art of Early
Modern Europe—PPT and tour
Reformation Chart Jigsaw & Review
Quiz on Exploration and the Reformation
First Semester, Unit II: Europe Expands & Divides—Overseas Discoveries & the Protestant
Reformation Calendar
Enduring Understandings
1. The age of exploration was a natural outcome of Renaissance intellectual, economic & political
changes
2. The Reformation was a social, political and economic movement, not just a religious one.
3. There were many similarities & differences between the various Protestant reformers.
4. As a result of the age of exploration, power shifted from Mediterranean merchants to the Atlantic
seaboard.
Essential Questions
1. Why did the Reformation occur? (Social, Political, Religious, and Economic reasons)
2. What were the social, economic, and political conditions in Germany that contributed to the enormous
success of Lutheranism?
3. How did the Reformation change the world religiously, politically, economically, and socially?
4. Was the status of women and children in European society changed by the Reformation? Explain.
5. To what extent was Catholic doctrine retained during Henry VIII’s reign? When and how did the Church
of England become more Protestant? Why did Henry VIII’s break with Rome have so much support
from the English people?
6. What were the primary goals of the Council of Trent? List the major positions taken by the Council of
Trent on dogma and church reform.
7. How were geographic & religious exploration related?
8. What motivated the voyages of exploration & how did they change the world?
Assignment #3
Sources:
Questions:

Document packet: "Protestant Reformation #1"
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is an indulgence? How did it become a major reform issue by the late 15 c?
What aspects of Luther's personality and experience contributed to his reforming zeal?
What was Luther's core theological premise? Make a list of his major ideas.
How did the church initially react to the printing and dissemination of Luther's 95 Theses in
Wittenberg? Why did they have such a strong appeal in Germany?
Luther and Erasmus both attacked what they saw as abuses and pretensions of the church
and the clergy. Compare their criticisms and their approaches to Church reform.
Although there had been heretics and reformers in the Catholic Church before Martin
Luther, none had threatened the unity of the church. What were the social, economic, and
political conditions in Germany that contributed to the enormous success of Lutheranism?
What were the religious and political implications of Luther's reforms?
Why did the Holy Roman Empire, Charles V, in collaboration with the Pope, issue the Edict of
Worms in 1521? What were the implications of this move?
Why did many German political authorities [especially the nobility] support Luther's
cause? Why was their support so essential to his success?
What were the causes of the Peasants' Revolt of 1525-1526? What was Luther's position in
this upheaval? Why did he take that position?
Where was Lutheranism most successful in the 16c?
What role did the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, play in the Protestant Reformation?
What were the provisions of the Peace of Augsburg of 1555? How was it a religious
compromise? What issues were left unresolved?
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Assignment #4
Sources:

Document packet: "Protestant Reformation #2"
Questions:
1.
Identify the main religious beliefs of Ulrich Zwingli. How were they similar to Luther's
beliefs? How were they different?
What were the basic beliefs of the Anabaptists? Why do you think that they were labeled
the "radicals" of the Protestant Reformation movement?
Who were the Melchiorites? Why were they so intensely persecuted?
List the major beliefs of John Calvin. How were they similar to Luther's beliefs? How were
they different?
What was life like in Calvin's Geneva under his Ecclesiastical Ordinances?
To where did Calvinism spread throughout the 16c?
What impact did Reformation doctrines have on the family, education, and popular religious
practices?
How did the role of women in some Protestant churches change in the 16 c? Why did their
social and religious positions remain the same in most others?
According to most Reformation thinkers, what was the most important role of a woman in
the Christian household?
What groups in European society were most attracted to Calvinism? Why?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Assignment #5
Sources:



PowerPoint: "The Wars of Religion"
Document: an excerpt from the Edict of Restitution, 1669.
Document: excerpts from the Malleus Maleficarum, 1486.
Questions:
1.
Analyze the validity of this statement: The Thirty Years' War was in part a German
religious war and in part a German civil war fought over constitutional issues in the Holy
Roman Empire.
How did European rivalries and ambitions become linked to the conflict within Germany
in the late 16c and early 17c?
Create a CHART that briefly identify each stage of the Thirty Years' War --> What
were the key issues? -- The results of each phase? -- The winners? -- The losers?
What were the social, political, economic, and religious reasons behind the uniqueness of
the United Provinces in Europe?
How was the small area of the United Provinces able to defend itself against
Spain? What explains its rapid economic and cultural success?
Why was Sweden able to rise from a second-rate power to a position of dominance in
the Baltic during the 17c?
Identify the major provisions of the Treaty of Westphalia in the following areas by
creating another CHART: the religious settlement, territorial changes, and
political/diplomatic changes.
How did the Peace of Westphalia mark the advent in international law of the modern
system of independent sovereign states?
Why have some historians labeled the Thirty Years' War the "last of the religious
wars", while others have called it the "first modern war"? Which is the more accurate
assessment? Why?
What was the military revolution which resulted from the Thirty Years' War? What
effect did it have on warfare in the 16c and 17c?
What were some of the population trends and changes that occurred in Europe during
the 17c? How do you explain these population patterns/
How was the 17c society organized? What were the possibilities for social mobility
among various social groups?
Why did the peasants experience increased economic and social difficulties at the end
of the 16c?
How was traditional village life changing in the 17c? What were some of the forces of
that change?
What were some of the characteristics of urban life in the 17 c?
What was the Malleus Maleficarum? How was it used during the witch craze?
Describe the typical "profile" of an accused witch.
Why was this profiled individual especially targeted?
What was the theological view of women in the 16 c and 17c in Europe?
What was the importance of social and economic conditions in explaining the witchcraft
hysteria?
Why did this hysteria subside substantially by the end of the 17 c and early 18c?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.