Engl 105
Tosspon
Due today: Compare/Contrast sheet
Agenda
1. Run-On sentences
- Review Sentence/Fragment/Run on
2. Incorporating research
3. Quoting/paraphrasing
Quick review: Fragments
• To be a complete sentence– Subject
– Verb
– Express a
complete thought
• Watch for words
like “although”
and “because”!
• Because I went
to the park.
Fragment!
Combining Sentences
Coordinating
1.Use a comma & a
coordinating
conjunction
The speaker rose to his feet,
and the room became quiet.
2. Use a semicolon,
an adverbial
conjunction, and a
comma –
I worked hard; therefore, I
expected results.
3. Use a semicolon
I worked hard; I expected
results
Subordinating
1. Subordinating
Conjunctions
While he was eating breakfast,
the news came on.
2. relative pronoun.
(Who, whose,
whoever, what,
whatever, whichever,
when, that…)
The researcher who was
studying diabetes had a
breakthrough.
Clauses
• A clause is a group of words with
a subject and a verb
Subject
You
Sally
Verb
stink.
is talking.
 Most clauses have further information
after the verb
Subject
I
Verb
love
grammar
Sally
is talking
loudly
Two Types of Clauses
• Independent clause (Main clause)
– Can stand alone as a sentence
– Can be joined to another clause
– Fred filled a cardboard tube with gunpowder.
• Dependent clause (Subordinate
clause)
– Cannot stand alone as a sentence
– Must be joined to an independent clause
– Because he wanted to make his own
firecrackers.
A word that joins clauses is a conjunction
Joining Clauses
• A dependent clause can be joined
to an independent clause to make
a sentence
– Fred filled a cardboard tube with
gunpowder because he wanted to make
his own firecrackers.
Or
– Because he wanted to make his own
firecrackers, Fred filled a cardboard tube
with gunpowder.
When the sentence starts with the
dependent clause, it must have a comma
before the independent clause
Run-ons
• Run-ons are independent clauses
that have been combined incorrectly.
• There are several types:
– The AND run-on
– The Fused run-on
– The comma splice
We will be going into detail on each one
The and run on (pg 146)
• two or more relatively long independent clauses with
a coordinating conjunction without any punctuation.
Goal 1 AND per sentence (some situations warrant 2)
(Because this has no punctuation, we have to read it in
one breath.)
– I met Charlyce in a yoga class at the YWCA
and we liked each other immediately and
we soon became friends and we often
hang out at each other’s houses.
The Fused run on
• two or more independent
clauses run together without
any punctuation.
– The girls made the fire the
boys cooked the steaks.
The comma splice run-on
• The comma splice: two or more
independent clauses run together
with only a comma.
– I met Charlyce in a yoga
class at the YWCA, we
soon became friends.
– Sounds right? It is actually two separate
independent ideas/clauses. We COULD add a ;
(semicolon) to make it correct, or we could
separate into two sentences.
Review: Run ON
•
Fragment= incomplete
• 2 or more independent clauses
(whole sentences) combined
incorrectly.
bought
me a(goal
coke1-2
so we
went
–Kevin
Too
many
ANDS
“and”s
per
Kevin bought me a coke, we went to
tosentence)
the park together.
the park together
– Fused
• Jammed
together
punctuation
I went
to the
store with
and no
bought
a
barSplice
and who did I see there
–candy
Comma
but
Kevin who
got me
coke
and so(need
• Jammed
together
withajust
a comma
we comma
went toconjunction!!!)
the park together.
Practice- Packet
1. 1.
NoI'd
Change!
I'd like
to buybut
a piano,
but I
like to buy
a piano,
I really
really
don't
have
money
right
now.
don't
have
the the
money
right
now.
2. 2.
Run
On!
Shewonderful
gives wonderful
parties
She
gives
parties,
I can't I
can't
next
one.
waitwait
for for
herher
next
one.
3. 3.
Fragment!
Theonpeople
on the
parkwho
bench
The people
the park
bench
who
meet
every
day
and
eat
lunch
meet
every
day
and
eat
lunch
together.
together.
I'm
saving
money
for a for
tripato
4. 4.
Run
on!
I'm saving
money
trip to
Oklahoma
mybrother
brother
lives
out
there.
Oklahoma
; my
lives
out
there.
Heon!
was
he got
an got
A on
5. 5.
Run
Hebeaming
was beaming
. He
anthe
A on
exam.
the
exam.
.
Game!
• Sentence/Fragment/Run on Freethrow Contest
• Each team – choose a shooting order
– 1 pt – identify Sentence, Fragment, Run
on
– 1 pt – correct Fragment, Run on, OR
identify Subject/Verb of sentence
Research Planning
• With your group, plan the layout of your
materials:
Digital Project
Written Project
– May need/want to revise your rubric at this
point (due in wk 9).
• Each “main point” needs a quote.
– What further research do you need to do?
Assign research tasks.
– Computer lab time next week & at end of this
week.
Plagiarism, Citing
& Using Sources
Tosspon’s English 105
Heald College
Obvious Plagiarism
• buying, stealing,
or borrowing a
paper (including, of
course, copying an
entire paper or
• hiring someone to
article from the
write your paper for
Web);
you; and copying
large sections of
text from a source
without quotation
marks or proper
citation.
Cite It
• Words or ideas presented in a magazine, book,
newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page,
computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other
medium
• Information you gain through interviewing or conversing
with another person, face to face, over the phone, or in
writing
• When you copy the exact words or a unique phrase
• When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts,
pictures, or other visual materials
• When you reuse or repost any electronically-available
media, including images, audio, video, or other media
DON’T Cite It
• Writing your own lived experiences, your own observations
and insights, your own thoughts, and your own conclusions
about a subject
• When you are writing up your own results obtained through
lab or field experiments
• When you use your own artwork, digital photographs, video,
audio, etc.
• When you are using "common knowledge," things like
folklore, common sense observations, myths, urban legends,
and historical events (but not historical documents)
• When you are using generally-accepted facts, e.g., pollution
is bad for the environment, including facts that are accepted
within particular discourse communities, e.g., in the field of
composition studies, "writing is a process" is a generallyaccepted fact.
Must Cite in 2 places:
In-text
Works Cited Page
(also known as ‘parenthetical documentation’)
In other words- in parentheses.
Your in-text citations work with your bibliography (works cited) page to
identify where any quotes or ideas borrowed from another author came
from.
“References in the text MUST clearly point to specific sources
in the list of works cited.”
- MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 6th ed.
Works Cited
Halio, Jay L., "Elizabethan Age." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Scholastic
Library Publishing, 2006. HF-L High School. 1 Apr 2006 <http://gme.grolier.com>.
Life in Elizabethan England. Summer 2005. 31 Mar 2006 <http://renaissance.dm
.net/compendium>.
Pressley, J. M. "An Encapsulated Biography." Shakespeare Resource Center,
February 10, 2005. 3 Mar 2006 <http://www.bardweb.net/man.html>.
Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1969.
Thomas, Heather. The Life in Times of Queen Elizabeth I. 23 Mar 2006. 1 Apr
2006 <www.elizabethi.org>.
In-text citations: Direct Quote
In the body of the paper, it looks like this:
When Mercutio is wounded, he screams “A plague on both your
houses!” referring to both the Capulets and the Montagues
(Shakespeare 70).
Works Cited
Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. New York: Scholastic, Inc., 1969.
Direct Quotes
– Educators are cautioned that “…labels tend to
stick, and few people go back later to
document a shifting profile of intelligences”
(Gardner 139).
– Gardner explains that there are difficulties in
labeling children with a type of intelligence,
including the problem that labels may last,
while the assessment may change (139).
A. On September 11, 2001, the World
Trade Center and the Pentagon were
attacked by hijacked airplanes.
B. Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah
had lived in Germany and were chosen
over more established Al Qaeda
members due to their exposure to the
West and ability to speak English.
B was correct: it is specific
and not commonly known
• How would you cite it? In the text of your
paper:
• Atta, Binalshibh, al Shehhi, and Jarrah had lived
in Germany and were chosen over more
established Al Qaeda members due to their
exposure to the West and ability to speak English
(National Commission 160).
In the Works Cited:
National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the
United States. The 9/11 Commission Report. New
York: W.W. Norton, 2004.
Which of THESE
do you need to cite?
A. “The science labs at East St. Louis High
School are 30 to 50 years outdated.”
B. When public schools were segregated,
conditions were not equal.
How would you cite it? In-body:
• “The science labs at East St. Louis High
School are 30 to 50 years outdated”
(Kozol 27).
In the Works Cited:
Kozol, Jonathan. Savage Inequalities:
Children in America’s Schools. New York:
HarperCollins, 1991. Print.
Quoting
• Pg 393
• Quotations must be identical to the
original, using a narrow segment of the
source. They must match the source
document word for word and must be
attributed to the original author.
– Direct quotation. Finally, determining
which frog had committed the atrocity she
shouted, “Off with his head!” (Burton
26:52).
MLA
style
citation
Paraphrasing
• Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from
source material into your own words. A
paraphrase must also be attributed to the
original source. Paraphrased material is usually
shorter than the original passage, taking a
somewhat broader segment of the source and
condensing it slightly.
– Paraphrase. In Chapter 11 of Into the Wild, Walt,
McCandless’s father, remembers an early hike with
twelve-year-old Chris. They made it to 13,000 feet
before turning back from the 14,256-foot summit
in Colorado. Chris did not want to quit, and
complained all the way down (Krakauer, 109).
Summarizing
• Summarizing involves putting the main
idea(s) into your own words, including only the
main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to
attribute summarized ideas to the original
source. Summaries are significantly shorter
than the original and take a broad overview of
the source material.
Summary. In Into the Wild, Krakauer
seems to be working out his own past
and his relationship with his father as
well as telling the sad story of Chris
McCandless. Because Krakauer, too, is a
man of the outdoors, he understands
something about the call of the wild.
Practice
Paraphrase, Quote, Summary
• Handout
Practice “Natural Remedies”
1. Many foods can help mild to moderate
nausea. Ginger and fruit are
examples of foods that can help an
individual feel better.
2. Pectin, found in apples, peaches,
plums, and carrots, can help decrease
nausea.
3. “Ginger…[is a] very powerful plant that
works on the digestive tract”
(Greening 18).
Using Quotes/Paraphrases
• Your quote can’t make your point for
you. YOU must make your point.
• Use a quote,
tell the reader
WHAT it shows
and why.
Try it on YOUR quote(s)
• Fill out a
paragraph
organizer for
YOUR main
points/
quotes
Incorporating Research
 Read the paper
 Highlight/circle each quote
 Take notes in the margin
 What kind of hook is it?
 What is the thesis?
 what is each main point?
Choose 1 quote
 Do a “Quote Sandwich” for it!
Quoting
• Pg 393
• Quotations must be identical to the
original, using a narrow segment of the
source. They must match the source
document word for word and must be
attributed to the original author.
– Direct quotation. Jon Krakauer says, “I
had been granted unusual freedom and
responsibility at an early age, for which I
should have been grateful in the extreme,
but I wasn’t” (Krakauer, 148).
Paraphrasing
• Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from
source material into your own words. A
paraphrase must also be attributed to the
original source. Paraphrased material is usually
shorter than the original passage, taking a
somewhat broader segment of the source and
condensing it slightly.
– Paraphrase. In Chapter 11 of Into the Wild, Walt,
McCandless’s father, remembers an early hike with
twelve-year-old Chris. They made it to 13,000 feet
before turning back from the 14,256-foot summit
in Colorado. Chris did not want to quit, and
complained all the way down (Krakauer, 109).
Summarizing
• Summarizing involves putting the main
idea(s) into your own words, including only the
main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to
attribute summarized ideas to the original
source. Summaries are significantly shorter
than the original and take a broad overview of
the source material.
Summary. In Into the Wild, Krakauer
seems to be working out his own past
and his relationship with his father as
well as telling the sad story of Chris
McCandless. Because Krakauer, too, is a
man of the outdoors, he understands
something about the call of the wild.
Practice
Paraphrase, Quote, Summary
• Handout
Using Quotes/Paraphrases
• Your quote can’t make your point for
you. YOU must make your point.
• Use a quote,
tell the reader
WHAT it shows
and why.
Practice “Natural Remedies”
1. Many foods can help mild to moderate
nausea. Ginger and fruit are
examples of foods that can help an
individual feel better.
2. “Ginger…[is a] very powerful plant that
works on the digestive tract”
(Greening 18).
3. Pectin, found in apples, peaches,
plums, and carrots, can help decrease
nausea (Greening 18).
The Quote Sandwich
Read & highlight the handout
• Introduce your quote/paraphrase
• Use your quote
Kermit
According
the Frog
to Kermit
profoundly
the Frog,
states,
As
Kermit
the
Frog points
out,
• Explain your quote
“It’s not easy being green” (123).
Analyze your quote/: Relate it to your point
Judging from his peeling skin, we can see that
Here
Sadly,
ThusKermit
Kermit
we
can
isisn’t
see
referring
that
always
even
to the
the
a happy
famous
prejudice
frog
our
he
Kermit
it right.
The
depletion
of
the frog
ozone
society
suffers
has
appears
from
against
the
tocolor
be
green
on
ofTV.
creatures.
his
skin. but
makes
life difficult
for
not
only
humans
green animals as well.
Quote Sandwich
Using Quotes/Evidence
• Look @ each paragraph
1. Write the thesis @ the
top of the paper
2. What is the main point
of the paragraph?
3. How does the author
use each quote?
– How does she introduce
the quote?
– What quote is used
– What does it mean to
her paragraph?
– How does it prove her
thesis?
Signal the Use of a Source
Read & highlight the handout
• Introduce your sources
– Dialogue Tags
– Phrases
– Sentences
• Divide your sources
• Use Key Phrases
Try it on YOUR quote(s)
• Fill out a
paragraph
organizer for
YOUR main
points/
quotes
Quotation Punctuation
• Period goes AFTER the quote
Citation: use 1st thing in the
Works Cited page (usually
author’s last name or article
title)
Works Cited
• Use www.easybib.com
• Make sure ALL information is correct
• Works Cited goes on its OWN PAGE
– Do NOT trust Microsoft! It uses MLA 2007
Homework: Thurs
• Compare/Contrast
– write-up your comparison of the 2
articles (yours v a classmate) and use 2
Quote Sandwiches (minimum 2 pgs)
• Read –Causal essay example