Grant agreement no.: 234061
Coordination and support actions (Coordinating)
Activity code:SST.2008.3.1.4.: Urban freight delivery systems
WP 3:
“Urban logistics practices – Case
Study Paris”
Peru workshop 19.10.2010
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Outline
 Outline of the presentation
 General presentation of Paris and France
 FRETURB surveys and model
 Paris policies: four urban freight good practices
 Lessons learnt
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Overview of Paris and France
Map of municipal GDPs
in France
Poulit, 2003
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• Paris: 105 km², 2.2 million inhabitants, 1.6 million jobs,
population density 21,000/km2
• Ile-de-France region: 12,000 km², 11.8 million
inhabitants, 5.5 million jobs, population density
1000/km2
• France: 550 km2, 62 million inhabitants, population
density 112/km2, 77% population is urban
• France’s GDP ranks fifth in the world but only18 in the
World Bank 2007 Global Logistics Index (which includes
Customs, Logistics Infrastructure, Ease of International Shipments,
Providers, Tracking and Tracing Capabilities, Domestic Logistics Costs,
Timeliness)
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PARIS ECONOMY
• Specific compared to the rest of France: Paris concentrates
high level services to businesses, high level administration
services, high level research and education
• Retail and tourism have an important share of the Paris’
economy
• Paris’ GDP is €150 billion, the GDP per capita is 120% higher
than the country
• About 25,000 industrial establishments employing 110,000
people, printing-publishing being 40% of Paris’ total industrial
jobs and garment and leather industries 23%
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Logistics Sprawl
• The average distance of terminals to their barycenter has
increased from 6 to 16 km from 1974 to 2008
• While the average distance of jobs to their barycenter has
increased by 2 km
•This has generated an addition of 15,000 net tons of CO2/year
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Freturb
Urban Goods Movement (UGM) surveys in France: looking
at the RECEIVER
• Main reference: Laboratoire d’Economie des Transports, Lyon
• FRETURB urban freight model
• New surveys started in Fall 2010: Paris region, Bordeaux,
Marseille
• New insights:
- Carbon footprint assessments
- Household shopping trips with private cars
- Home deliveries, e-commerce
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Source: J.L. Routhier
Observation unit :
the “movement”: delivery/pick-up
Establishments survey
(4 to 5,000 establishments
surveyed)
Drivers survey
(2,200 tours monitored)
•How many deliveries and pick-ups a week
•Which logistic organisation (own account, for hire)
- Which type of vehicle,
- Weight, packaging, type of products,
- Delivery round or direct delivery?
-Route, schedules, etc.
Movements, traffic
and parking time
generation per zone
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Goods movements are the result of logistics
decisions made by economic agents
• Logistic profiles for each economic sector are very similar
across cities: little policy leverage!
• Freight vehicles occupy 10 to 15% of street space
• In average, there is one delivery or pick up per week
per job in an urban area (France)
• This average ratio can be declined into specific ratios (0.2
to 8) for each economic sector
• Ratios do not vary much according to the size, type or
location of a city
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Source: J.L. Routhier
FRETURB: a model built on empirical data
Standard data:
results of UGM establishments and drivers surveys
Indicators on the logistics behavior
of various economic sectors
Local data
Business register
(establishments)
Local results
FRETURB Model
Geographic data (land uses,
network)
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- Freight demand
- Road occupancy
- Energy
consumption
- Pollution and GHG
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Paris Urban Freight Policy
• Objective: alleviate the environmental impacts of freight traffic,
mainly related to local pollutants and CO2
• while recognising freight transport as an asset for the economic
vitality of Paris: focus on innovations in city logistics, so as to
provide Paris businesses with a choice of efficient and
environmentally-friendly solutions for their urban supply chain
• A freight strategy which is served by a “policy-mix” of various and
mostly interconnected measures
• Most measures revolve around a recentralised logistics system:
logistics activities should find space and facilities within the
Paris urban area
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Four Good Practices
•
•
•
•
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Chronopost Concorde
La Petite Reine cargocycles
Freight in Land Use Plan
Monoprix Freight Train
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Chronopost Concorde
Before
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Now
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Impact assessment of Chronopost Concorde
Over a six month period:
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La Petite Reine cargocycles
• Electrically assisted cargocycles
• Each cargocycle can carry about 180 kg of freight in its 1,400 liter
container
• Subcontractor for major parcel transport companies or goods
producers (Dannon)
• Each day, 3000 business or home locations are served by the 40
drivers of La Petite Reine
• Located in two Urban Logistic Spaces: one in an underground
parking close to the Louvre museum since 2003 and another in an
underground parking on the left bank since 2010
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Impact assessment of La Petite Reine
• Over a twelve month period:
– avoided 600,000 tonnes-km made by vans in Paris
– avoided emissions of 203 tonnes of CO2 and 84 kilos
of particles
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The Monoprix rail experiment in Paris
• 90 Monoprix supermarkets
supplied by rail since 2007
• Trains arrive in a renovated freight
terminal close to the center of Paris
• CNG trucks for the final distribution
• The scheme generates a saving of
235 tons of CO2 every year
• But also an additional 35% in
transport costs
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Freight oriented Land Use Master Plan
– Compulsory to integrate a delivery area into new
industrial and commercial buildings of 500 m²
– Specific land-use areas reserved for logistics
activities with access to rail
– Thirteen “part-time transit ports” along the Seine:
these areas may be used at certain times to tranship
goods from a boat to a delivery vehicle, then resume
normal uses (promenade) for the rest of the day
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Barriers, lessons learnt, transferability
• A freight-oriented policy is complex to implement
and it is a long process
• Hire a “Mr. (or Ms.) Freight” and set up a
consultation process (Freight Forum)
• Important publicity and media attention: inviting the
press, residents’ and environmental groups to
events related to Paris freight policy such as the
inauguration of an Urban Logistics Space
• Very important are the structural policies: land use
planning, regulation, enforcement
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• Experiments of Urban Logistics Spaces such as
Chronopost Concorde and La Petite Reine are
transferable to another city meeting the following
conditions: strong political commitment, strong
cooperation between the private and the public
sectors, ability to provide convenient well-located
logistics areas with minimum size and safety
standards, willingness to set a low level of rent
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• The integration of logistics land uses into a Land
Use Plan is transferable to another city meeting
the following conditions: strong political
commitment, strong cooperation between the
private and the public sectors, availability of space
that can be dedicated to logistics activities:
brownfields and former industrial zones, underutilised freight train stations or commercial ports
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• An experiment such as the Monoprix freight train
demonstrates the challenges of developing freight
rail transport in urban areas: it requires large
logistics facilities connected to the railway network,
one or several retailing companies that have a
minimum volume of goods to be delivered daily to
the city, a competitive railway industry
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