Peru Part 2
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Charango—10 stringed mandolin
Ocarina— globular flute
Bullroarer—idiophone which spins on a string
Flageolets—large recorders
Kena—notched flute
Bellwork: Define Terms
• Test on Peru Thursday March 27th
• Reading outline #20 due Tuesday March 25th
• No world music 5th period this Monday March 24th
Announcements
• Scholars Will:
• Grammar: Learn basic facts about Peru
• Logic: Learn to create a sound on a transverse flute
Outcomes
Machu Picchu
Migration—Bering Strait
Mongoloid peoples are the largest group on
earth-a third of the world population.
Charango-video
Ocarina
Bullroarer-video
Kena
• Rattle are filled with quartz pebbles. The gourd is
considered a head spirit, the handle represents the neck,
the split is the mouth and hair of the spirit is the feathers
attached to the rattle.
• As recently as the 16th century around 1500 different
languages were spoken in South America.
• Two large migrations of people came from the Bering
straight during 2 periods of Wisconsin glaciation, 50,00035,000 years ago and 25,000 to 12,000 years ago when a
land bridge supporting tundra existed.
• The word for “sing” is the same as recite or falling into a
trance.
Guided Notes
Flageolet Demonstration
• What Japanese instrument does this remind you of?
• Describe a scene or draw a small picture that this music
could be the soundtrack for.
• What meter is this in?
Active Listening #3
Pajaro campana
• Present day harps were brought from (Europe) by Jesuit
missionaries during the 17th and 18th centuries.
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• The right hand typically plays the (melody) in octaves
and harmonizes it by adding intervals of thirds or sixths
while the left hand harmonizes.
Just the facts #3
Pajaro campana
• Yesterday we talked about the magical symbols Peruvian
shaman use to cure and harm.
• What can symbols teach us about the world?
• Symbolism is the practice or art of using an object or a
word to represent an abstract idea. An action, person,
place, word, or object can all have a symbolic meaning.
• In Japanese, the letters themselves symbolically represent
their meaning.
• In China, a simple object can represent many different
meanings. For example flowers may suggest a fair lady,
love or beauty.
CFU: Symbolism and
Semiotics
• Semiotics is the study of meaning-making. This includes
the study of signs and sign processes likeness, analogy,
metaphor, symbolism, signification, and communication.
• The word itself has a greek root: Sema meaning sign.
Semiotics
• When listening to music, we impose our preconceived
notions of what the sound is.
• For example, we just finished studying Hawaii.
• The steel guitar is used in Hawaii, but also in country
music, so—if you are a Hawaiian you will hear the steel
guitar according to your own folk music, whereas a
country music fan will hear the steel guitar in relation to
country songs.
• My hope is that as you have been listening to all different
types of world music and sounds, the meanings you
associate with these sounds will grow and expand.
Semiotics in music
What does this symbol
mean?
How it is represented
Star Meanings
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Guidance-navigation
Freedom
The cosmos
Goals
Fame
Brightness
Shining
Wish
North star
Star Meanings
• This must be simple—only one object.
• List the other definitions this symbol could represent.
Create a symbol that
represents you
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Bamboo/bark trumpets represent the vegetation demons.
Andean Q’eros use microtones in their music.
Measured music is connected to dance.
Typically, land oriented cultures dance more than
water/canoe based cultures.
• The bird is one of the most important magical animals
because it can traverse two worlds—heaven and earth.
Many flutes are constructed from bird bones, many rattles
adorned by bird feathers, aid of birds requested by the
shaman.
Guided Notes
Bamboo Trumpet
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Chants are a means of:
averting impending danger
inflicting illness or causing destruction
curing illness or relieving pain
Conversing with spirits
giving thanks
casting love spells
The purposes of Chant
Shrunken Head
• 1. Remove skull from head by cutting a slit in the back of
the neck.
• 3. Put red seeds under and sew up eyelids
• 4. Palm pins hold mouth together
• 5. Head is boiled on a wooden form
• 6. Head is dried on hot rocks and sand
• 7. Skin coated in ash
Shrunken Head
demonstration
• Tsantsa=the Andean word for shrunken head.
• The practice of preparing shrunken heads originally had
religious significance; shrinking the head of an enemy
was believed to harness the spirit of that enemy and
compel him to serve the shrinker.
• It was said to prevent the soul from avenging his death.
Shrunken head meaning
• Create one question from the facts you learned in our
class today.
• Write it on a piece of paper along with your name and
then crumple it up and throw it to the front of the room.
• When you are instructed to, go up and choose one
snowball. Open it up and answer the question then turn it
in.
CFU: Snowball
• Step 1: Whistle, if you can.
• Step 2: While whistling hold your finger about an inch
away from your mouth and feel how strong and fast that
air pressure is.
• Step 3: Now stop whistling, but keep blowing while
opening your mouth wider, sideways, and draw your
upper lip tight across your upper teeth.
• Step 4: With your mouth in this new formation, say “too”
just using your tongue and not your lips.
CFU: How to create sound
on a transverse flute.
• Try out your new embouchure on your bottle.
• Experiment with the angle of the bottle in relation to your
mouth, roll it around a little until you get a sound.
• Keep your air stream strong and fast.
• Try blowing over the hole, not straight down into it.
Making a sound
• Get in two lines facing each other blue facing yellow.
• Red forms a third line on the end.
• Put yourselves in this note order:
• Yellow: C, Db, Bb
• Blue: Eb, E, A, B,
• Everyone try to make a sound again.
• Now play when I call your note.
• In Peru, this is how the siku (panpipe) is played—usually at
least two people are needed to play a song because each siku
only has half the notes.
Bottle choir
• C Db Eb E A Bb B
Scale
• AEAEAE
Bass Line Song
• First say/sing the notes of your song:
• Eb Eb-----Bb C------Bb-----Db-----C-------Bb-----• Eb Bb C Bb Db C-------Bb
Song #1 The Bird Man
• Db Eb Db Bb Db Eb Db Bb
• Db Eb Db B
Bb Bb Bb
Song #2 On the Mountain
• Define semiotics:
• What is a bullroarer?
What is the role of the right hand on the harp?
• Short answer:
• How and when did the first inhabitants of South America
arrive?
Exit Ticket