Chapter 13: Countries of South America
Learning Objectives
 How has migration
made the Guiana's
culturally distinct from
rest of S. America
 How do Ven.
Characteristics influence
their economy?
 What are the problems
of a one-crop ag. System
in columbia
Vocabulary
 Mulatto
 Bauxite
 Llano
 Cordillera
 Campesino
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Made up of Guyana, Suriname, and Fr. Guiana
Europeans brought enslaved Africans to work
on sugar plantations
 Asian began migrating there post slavery
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Majority of people in Guyana belong to 2
descents (over ½ Asian)
Suriname= 50% Asian, 10% African descendnts
French G= Similar to Sur. But more African and
Mulatto %’s
Economic Activities: All based on Shared
natural resources; fishing, bauxite, sugar/rice
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More typical to rest of S. America
 Spanish language, Mestizo/European descent
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Physical Characteristics
 Andean Highlands
 Waterfalls/Grasslands: Wet/Dry region important for
cattle grazing
 Elevation/Climate: (see figure on pg.270)
▪ Leads to a variety of crops being grown at diff. elevations
▪ More dependent on elevation than prox. To equator
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Economic Activities
 Wealth lies in Oil, 4 large reserves lie in Llanos, Orinoco
Delta, lowlands, and off-shore
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Physical Characteristics
 Similar to Ven. in having 3 distinct regions
▪ Lowlands, mountains, and llanos
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Dependent on single cash-crop of Coffee
 “All eggs in one basket” problem
 Similar problems to Brazil, land in hands of few
 Campesino’s barely able to grow enough food for
family b/c of growing coffee
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Finish up any of HW not filled out
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Finish Sect. 1 Quiz for Tuesday
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Mulatto
 People of mixed African and other ancestry
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Bauxite
 Mineral used in making aluminum; Guyana is one of
worlds largest exporters
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Llanos
 Spanish for “plains,” Grassy plain in Venezuela
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Cordilleras
 Related set of mountain ranges: The Andes here
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Campesinos
 Tenant farmers in Columbia.
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Quickly Work on any of Sect. 1 Quiz
Go over Quiz 1 as class
Learning Objectives
 How have physical
characteristics of Andean
Countries affected people who
live there?
 How are economies of
Ecuador/Peru Similar?
 How do climatic conditions
affect Bolivia/Chile
Vocabulary
 Altiplano
 Paramo
 Timber line
 selva
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Mtn Chain has divided nations into 3 Regions
 Coastal Plains: Low plain that stretches along Pac.
Coast
 Highlands: Peaks reach incredible heights w/ valleys
and plateaus
▪ Rich soils and minerals are two main resources
 Tropical Forests: Eastern slopes of Andes into
lowlands
 The Mtns are a great source of wealth, in soil and
minerals, but also create a barrier to trade/migration
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Ethnic Backgrounds
 ¼ of Ecuador and 45% of Peru are made up of Indians
 Another half of Ecuador is Mestizos, while over ½ of
Peru is also Mestizo
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Ecuador
 Lands in hand of few Europeans, tenant and
subsistent farming
 Discovery of Oil in Selva
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Peru
 Lands in hand of few Europeans, tenant and
subsistent farming
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Bolivia
 Climate conditions affect what is grown there, and
also makes it hard for foreign born citizens to be
active
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Chile
 2/3 of population is Mestizo
 Atacama Desert is uninhabited
 Most of population lives in fertile river basins bt.
Andes and Coastal Ranges
 Productive summer climates come during that of
winters in N. Hemisphere’s US/Europe
▪ Making them good markets for Fruits/Vegetables
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Get w/ 6 o’clock partners
Work on Hands-on Geography
Finish up Sect. 2 Quiz
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Altplano
 “high plain” located in Peru and Bolivia
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Paramos
 Plateau in the Andes of Ecuador
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Timber line
 Boundary above which continuous forest
vegetation cannot grow
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Selva
 Forested region in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia
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Study Map outline
Complete Quiz
Go over Quiz 2
Learning Objectives
 Physical
Characteristics of S.
Grassland countries?
 How have political
conditions changed in
Paraguay/Uruguay?
 How has urbanization
affected Argentina?
Vocabulary
 Estuary
 Piedmont
 Pampas
 Gaucho
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Made up of Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina
Physical Characteristics
 Andean Region: Located in W. Argentina
▪ Include 4 highest mtns. In W. Hemisphere
 Tropical Lowlands: Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil
▪ Dense Shrub regions, Mild temperatures, wet/dry climate
 Grasslands (pampas): Argentina and Uruguay
▪ Temperate grasslands w/ warm summers and cold winters
 Patagonia: South of Pampas
▪ Windswept plateau, Dry and Cold climate
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Paraguay
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Uruguay
 Most people live in Eastern
 Most people of European
part of country
 Economy: Agriculture:
cotton, grains, livestock
 Political Conditions
descent; Italian/Spanish
 Economy: Livestock, meat
processing, wool/leather
▪ Military Dictatorship for 35
years
▪ Dem. Elections since 93’
▪ Successfully passed power w/
no violence in 2000
▪ 75% land for livestock
 Political Conditions
▪ Military rule for much of 70s/80s
▪ Held free elections since 85’
▪ People now required to vote
 Thoughts?
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Ethnic Background
 Mostly European descent w/ Italians/Spanish
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Urbanization
 Capitol City= Buenos Aires
 88% live in cities
 Vibrant manufacturing business have created a
“hub” of activity in cities.
▪ Led to heavy air pollution in cities
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finished!
Complete Sect. 3 Quiz
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Unit Test Wednesday
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Estuary
 Broad river mouth formed where a flooded river
valley meets the sea
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Piedmont
 Gently rolling foothills of the Andes
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Pampas
 Temperate grasslands located in
Argentina/Uruguay
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Gauchos
 Cowboys that herd cattle