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Most important Geographers/Theories
Be able to match the person to their theory/model
• Nature/Perspectives
• Sauer
• Ratzel
Be able to recognize/classify the theory/model
• Pop/Migration
• Boserup
• Malthus
• Ravenstein
• Zelinsky
• THEORIES/CONCEPTS >
• environmental determinism
Possiblism,
DEV/RESOURCES
Rostow
Wallerstein
• THEORIES/CONCEPTS >
• Gravity model-migration push & pull factors,
• population & food supply issues
• rural to urban migration,
• Ties b/t population growth & economic growth,
Theories/CONCEPTS >
Stages of eco growth, world systems theory
Culture > Language diffusion
(military vs agriculture…
• M. Gimbutas (p 150)
• C. Renfrew (p 151)

• Norman Borlaug
• RIP, 2009 
• Green Revolution

• Esther Boserup • Population and economic growth theory

• ERNST BURGESS • CONCENTRIC ZONE
MODEL OF URBAN
GROWTH

• CHRISTALLER • CENTRAL PLACE
THEORY OF
URBAN/SERVICES
DEVELOPMENT

• HARRIS & ULLMAN • MULTIPLE NUCLEI
MODEL OF URBAN
GROWTH

• HOMER HOYT • SECTOR MODEL OF
URBAN GROWTH

• Alfred Mahan • Seapower theory of political growth

• Thomas Malthus • Theory of overpopulation

• HALFORD
MAKINDER
• HEARTLAND
THEORY OF
POLITICAL POWER

• PETER MULLER • SUBURBANIZATION
+
TRANSPORTATION
ANALYSIS IN
URBAN REGIONS

• FRIEDRICH RATZEL • ORGANIC THEORY
OF STATE GROWTH
• + ENVIRONMENTAL
DETERMINISM -
Natural surroundings rule human action

• Ernst Ravenstein • Gravity model of migration + Laws of
Migration

• Collin Renfrew • Language diffusion by agricultural means

• Walter Rostow • Stages of economic growth/development

• Carl Sauer • Possibilism
• Humans can alter their environment

• Nicholas Spykman • He who controls the
Rimland, controls the world – political systems theory

• Taylor and Lang • World Cities Model

• VON THUNEN • AGRICULTURAL
ACTIVITIES IN AN
ISOLATED STATE
SURROUND A
MARKET ZONE
THAT IS CIRCULAR

• Immanuel Wallerstein • World Systems
Theory

• Alfred Weber • Least Cost theory and
Industrial location theory

Most important Geographers/Theories
Be able to match the person to their theory/model
• Political
Mahan
Spykman
Mackinder
Ratzel
Be able to recognize/classify the theory/model
• INDUSTRIALIZATION/ECO DEVELOPMENT
Weber
Rostow
Wallerstein
Borlaug (as related to development)
Models/Theories/concepts
Sea power
Rimland theory
Heartland theory
Organic states
Theories/CONCEPTS >
Stages of eco growth, world systems theory
Least cost theory
Green Revolution – links to development
• AGRICULTURE
Von Thunen
Borlaug
Boserup
Christaller
Renfrew
Models/theories
Agri in the isolated state
Green Revolution
Centers of Agri and diffusion of culture/language
• CITIES AND URBAN LAND USE
Burgess
Harris/Ullman
Christaller
Hoyt
Muller
THEORIES/CONCEPTS
Concentric Zones
Multiple Nuclei
Central Place Theory
Sector Model
Suburbanization

• Anatolian Hearth theory
• Correlation b/t source areas of 3 agricultural centers and 3 major languages

• Central Place Theory • Spatial distribution of cities/service centers is a hexagon w/CP in the middle

• Concentric Zone
Model
• Burgess
????
• Focus on CBD importance b/c CBD is at the center of the model

• Core-Periphery model • Places/regions can’t develop equally, somebody has to be poor!

• Demographic
Transition Model
• Birth and mortality rates are tied to stages of development

• Dependency Theory • Poor country’s economy is tied to a rich country, usually it’s former colonizer

• Gravity model of migration
• Relationship b/t volume of migration and distance from source & destination is inverse

• Heartland Theory
Mackinder's Heartland
(also known as the
Pivot Area ) is the core area of Eurasia, and the World-Island is all of Eurasia (both
Europe and Asia).
• He who controls
Europe, controls the world
‘Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland
Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island
Who rules the World-Island commands the world’

• Least Cost/Location
Theory
• Minimizing transportation costs

• Migration Theory z
• Push-Pull Forces impact choices

• Multiple Nuclei model • CBD is not as important, urban areas develop several
CBDs

• Sector model • Based on urban transportation routes and bid rent prices

• World Systems
Theory
• Development is applicable across scales – local to regional to global