Image source:
http://www.green
earthproject.com/
Forms2.html
POTENTIAL
ENERGY
Gravitational
Potential Energy
Depends
on height
Elastic Potential Energy
Associated
with objects
that can be
stretched or
compressed
CHEMICAL ENERGY
energy required to bond atoms together
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Image source: http://typesofalternativeenergy.com/
released in
the form of
light and
heat
energy as
the nucleus
splits
Most concentrated form of energy
> 50,000 DEGREES CELSIUS
KINETIC ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY
energy associated with motion
Movement of turbines
Image source: http://www.entergy.apogee.net/
Image source: http://technicalstudies.youngester.com
Moving electric
charges
Internal
motion of
atoms
Heat energy causes changes in
the temperature and phase
(solid, liquid, gas) of any form
of matter
ENERGY
TRANSFORMATIONS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RD_54Cq_UMM
Changes in Energy
http://172.25.31.139/index.asp?ResourceString=MSMC/Physics/
Media Server Online: Potential and Kinetic Energy
SPECIFIC HEAT
CAPACITY
Or the amount of energy needed to heat
substances up
Specific Heat Capacity can be
thought of as a measure of
how much heat energy is
needed to warm the substance
up.
 You will possibly have noticed
that it is easier to warm up a
saucepan full of oil than it is
to warm up one full of water.

http://www.cookwaremanufacturer.com/photo/418fa6490f24202f2cc5b5feee0fdde3/Aluminum-Saucepan.jpg
Heat vs. Temperature
Heat is the total energy of molecular motion in a substance while temperature is a
measure of the average energy of molecular motion in a substance.
Heat energy depends on the speed of the particles, the number of particles (the
size or mass).
Temperature does not depend on the size or type of object. For example, the
temperature of a small cup of water might be the same as the temperature of a
large tub of water, but the tub of water has more heat because it has more water
and thus more total thermal energy.
Heat travels by convection, conduction, and radiation. Going from an area of high
temperature to an area of low temperature
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rU-sPzshVnM


Specific Heat Capacity (C) of a substance is the
amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g
of the substance by 1oC (or by 1 K).
The units of specific heat capacity are J oC-1 g-1 or J K-1
g-1. Sometimes the mass is expressed in kg so the units
could also be J oC-1 g-1 or
J K-1 kg-1


The next table shows how much energy it takes to heat
up some different substances.
The small values show that not a lot of energy is
needed to produce a temperature change, whereas the
large values indicate a lot more energy is needed.
 Approximate
values in J / kg °K of the
Specific Heat Capacities of some substances
are:
Air
Aluminum
Asbestos
Brass
Brick
Concrete
Cork
Glass
Gold
Ice
Iron
1000
900
840
400
750
3300
2000
600
130
2100
500
Lead
Mercury
Nylon
Paraffin
Platinum
Polythene
Polystyrene
Rubber
Silver
Steel
Water
125
14
1700
2100
135
2200
1300
1600
235
450
4200
The equation:
The amount of heat energy (q) gained or
lost by a substance = mass of
substance (m) X specific heat capacity
(C) X change in temperature (ΔT)
q = m x C x ΔT
AN EXAMPLE OF A CALCULATION
USING THE SPECIFIC HEAT
CAPACITY EQUATION:
How much energy would be needed to heat
450 grams of copper metal from a
temperature of 25.0ºC to a temperature of
75.0ºC?
(The specific heat of copper at 25.0ºC is
0.385 J/g ºC.)
Explanation:
The change in temperature (ΔT) is:
75ºC - 25ºC = 50ºC
Given mass, two temperatures, and a specific heat
capacity, you have enough values to plug into
the specific heat equation
q = m x C x ΔT .
and plugging in your values you get
q = (450 g) x (0.385 J/g ºC) x (50.0ºC)
= 8700 J
SOME GOOD WEBSITES

http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/physics/energytransfers/types-of-energy-transfers.html#typesof-energy