Types of Federalism
Chronology of U.S. Federalism
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1760-1860
Founding to Civil War
1880-1920s
Post-Bellum Expansion and Progressive Era
1930s- 1960
New Deal and World War II, Postwar Prosperity
1960s-1970s
Great Society and Viet Nam War
1970s-1999
New Federalisms
Dual Federalism
1789-1932 Dual Federalism
• Courts typically found in favor of the states in disputed
law
• Some exceptions: ie. McCullough
• Progressives enacted minimum wage laws for women
workers,
• instituted industrial accident insurance
• restricted child labor
• improved factory regulation.
• Expanded schools
• FDA regulations of drugs and meat
• Railroads and Anti-trust laws
What changed in 1932?
Cooperative Federalism 1932-1963
• Franklin Roosevelt/New Deal
• Grants-in Aid/ Intergovernmental Transfers
• Examples: Forest Fire Prevention,
Vocational Education, Maternal health etc.
• Very specific
• After 1960’s broad use of funds such as
revenue sharing and block grants
Dual versus Cooperative
Centralized Federalism 1960-1970
National Government forced states to
implement policy by intergovernmental
transfers (Grants-in-aid)
Medicare/Medicaid
Birth Control
Federal Aid to Schools
Consumer Safety- Auto/Highway Acts
War on Poverty- Food Stamps/ Job Corps
DEVOLUTION- NEW
FEDERALISM 1970-1990s
Nixon and Regan- wanted to return power to
the states… give them back policy control
Less social programs, Less Central
Control, Less Spending
But as always…. We argue about
What programs, What spending, and What
policies to dissolve.
CURRENT- CONFLICTED
FEDERALISM
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All of the above.
How do we have dual?
How do we have coordinating?
How do we have centralized?
How do we devolve?