DNA Abbreviation- Deoxyribonucleic Acid James Watson & Francis Crickin 1953 discovered DNA was 2 strands and twisted Double Helix- 2 word term to describe DNA Codon---3 base sequence---ATA Rules for base pairing for DNA •Thymine to Adenine •Adenine to Thymine •Cytosine to Guanine •Guanine to Cytosine Complementary strand DNA to DNA •A T G A T C G T G C A •T A C T A G C A C G T Parts CYTOSINE GUANINE Sugar ADENINE THYMINE PHOSPHATE DNA Replication DNA Helicase- enzyme that unzips DNA for replication DNA Polymerase- enzyme that completes DNA replication Occurs- Synthesis or S stage of Interphase End Result- Sister Chromatids Replication •A T •T A •C G •G C •T A •C G • OLD •A T •T A •C G •G C •T A •C G old A T C G T C T old A G C A G New •A T old •T A •C G •G C •T A •C G New old A T AT TA CG GC TA CG TA CG GC TA CG RNA • RNA- Ribonucleic Acid • Codon---three base sequence of mRNA UGU • Transcription- making of mRNA from DNA • RNA polymerase- enzyme that unzips DNA for transcription. • Ribose- the sugar in RNA Base Pairing Rules for RNA to DNA DNA Thymine Adenine Cytosine Guanine mRNA Adenine URACIL Guanine Cytosine DNA to mRNA •A T G A T C G T G C A •U A C U A G C A C G U How mRNA and tRNA work together? 1. An mRNA codon pairs up with a tRNA anticodon. 2. tRNA anticodons bring with it an amino acid. 3. The amino acid it brings is based on the code in mRNA. 4. The mRNA and tRNA release from each other. 5. All that is left in the ribosome is a strand of AMINO ACIDS 6. ALSO KNOWN AS a PROTEIN Four Differences DNA 1. Sugar Deoxyribose 2. Strand 2 stranded 3. Stored Nucleus 4. Bases Thymine Adenine RNA Ribose 1 strand Nucleolus Uracil Adenine Protein Synthesis Protein Sythesis-Translation Takes Place-- Ribosome Protein- long strand of amino acids Anticodon- three base sequence tRNA EXTRA INFO Three parts of a nucleotide 1.Phosphate 2.Sugar----Deoxyribose(DNA) or Ribose(RNA) 3.Nitrogen base Where do the bases pair up on DNA? At the sugars Protein Synthesis Using mRNA CODONS and tRNA Anticodons Remember to LOOK UP THE CODON on the chart not the ANTICODON Ex GGG anticodon CCC CODON Amino Acid : PROLINE (CCC)