Interdependence in
Living Systems
Systems
Any group of parts that work together as a
unit.
How the body is organized:
• Cells – First level of organization; the
basic unit of structure and function.
• Tissues – a group of cells that perform
the same function.
Types of Tissues
•
•
•
•
Muscle
Connective
Nerve
Epithelial
Organs
A group of tissues that perform a specific
function.
Organ Systems
A group of organs that work together to
perform a specific function.
Interactions Within the Human
Body
Each organ system is dependent on other
body systems.
Nervous System
Obtains and processes information from
the body’s internal and external
environment; directs most body
functions.
Main components – BRAIN, SPINAL
CORD, AND NERVES
Cardiovascular System
Transports needed materials to body
cells; removes wastes (main
components – HEART, ARTERIES,
VEINS)
Digestive System
Breaks down food and absorbs the
broken-down materials (main
components – LIVER, STOMACH,
GALL BLADDER, SMALL INTESTINE,
AND LARGE INTESTINE)
Respiratory System
Gets oxygen into the body; removes
carbon dioxide. (Main component –
TRACHEA, LUNGS, AND
DIAPHRAGM)
Muscular System
Enables the body to move
Skeletal System
Supports and protects the body; works
with muscles to enable movement
processes
Endocrine System
Produces chemicals called hormones that
help control many body processes
(Main components – GLANDS,
PANCREAS, AND KIDNEYS THAT
PRODUCE HORMONES)
Excretory System
Removes wastes; helps regulate water in
the body (Main component – KIDNEY)
Immune System
Fights Disease (Main components –
LIVER, LYMPH NODES, WHITE
BLOOD CELLS, BLOOD, AND
THYMUS)
Skin (Integumentary) System
Protects the body, keeps water inside,
and helps sense the external
environment
Reproductive System
Create offspring, determines male and
female characteristics (Main
Components – OVARIES and TESTES)
Interactions in
TRANSPORTING OXYGEN
• RESPIRATORY – delivery of oxygen
and removal of carbon dioxide.
– Trachea – tube connecting to the lungs
– Alveoli –round sacs in the lungs
– Moves oxygen from air to blood
– Moves carbon dioxide from blood to air
•CARDIOVASCULAR – carries oxygen from
lungs to bloodstream
•MUSCULAR – enables air to enter lungs
•Diaphragm – dome shaped muscle
Interactions in DIGESTING
FOOD
• DIGESTIVE – breaks down food into
simpler substances to be used by body
cells
– Mouth and Stomach – begins to break
down food
– Small Intestine – Completes the
breakdown of food and absorbs the
nutrients (through villi)
– Large Intestine – undigested food passes
out of the body as waste
Interactions in DIGESTING
FOOD
•MUSCULAR – moves jaws to break down
food.
•Absorption of nutrients
•Enables you to swallow food
•Within the stomach – food is churned and
squeezed, broken down into smaller
particles
Interactions in DIGESTING
FOOD
•CARDIOVASCULAR – carries nutrients
absorbed through the small intestine to the
blood.
•Nutrients are carried throughout the body.
MOVEMENTS: MUSCLES, BONES,
AND NERVES
•MUSCULAR – produce movement by contracting
or shortening
•SKELETAL – muscles attached to bones move
your body
•NERVOUS – involved in movement. Brain and
nerves direct muscles to contract.
•CARDIOVASCULAR – circulates oxygen and food
to cells
•RESPIRATORY – brings oxygen into body,
removes carbon dioxide
•DIGESTIVE – processes food for delivery to cells