Day Date Subject To be read prior to this class period:
T 1/13 Setting the stage
Th 1/15 Capstone course planning
T 1/20 Life Span Cynthia Kenyon’s Lab handouts
Th 1/22 Capstone Topics. Life span discussion
T 1/27 Chapter 1
Th 1/29 Chapter 3
T 2/3 students = gut bacteria and development
Jennifer Ditano, Afaq Lamlum
Th 2/5 Chapter 2
T 2/10 students = hormonal control of sex determination
Raisa Luck, Susan Duong
Th 2/12 Chapter 5
T 2/17 no class - Winter Break
Th 2/19 no class - Winter Break
T 2/24
Th 2/26 Chapter 6
T 3/3 students = endocrine disruptors
Meg Thurell, Nicole Bordeau
Th 3/5
T 3/10 Midterm Exam
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From the Preface of our textbook:
“Development weaves genotype and environment into phenotype.”
From the Preface of our textbook:
“Development weaves genotype and environment into phenotype.”
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identical twins
schizophrenia
discordance = when identical twins have different phenotypes
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polyphenism = two or more discrete phenotypes from one genotype
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Evidence the following contributes to aging and life span:
1) gene regulation using a polyphenism as a model example
2) normal metabolism “higher metabolism = shorter life span”
free radicals
repair mechanisms
mitochondria
caloric restriction
3) low level stress induction
caloric restriction
4) telomere shortening
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Why are we studying aging as a topic in this course?
1) Life span is based on the rate of aging and although
aging has seemed like a physiological ‘wear and tear’, it
now seems to be related to growth / reproduction and
those are developmental processes.
2) Life span is inherited (there is a program represented
in the genetic code – genotype).
3) The life span phenotype is not always constant, but can
affected by the environment (phenotypic plasticity).
4) The study of model examples of phenotypic plasticity is
helping us understand complex but fundamental principles
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of development.
POSSIBLE EXAM QUESTION
Why are we studying aging as a topic in this course?
1) Life span is based on the rate of aging and although
aging has seemed like a physiological ‘wear and tear’, it
now seems to be related to growth / reproduction and
those are developmental processes.
2) Life span is inherited (there is a program represented
in the genetic code – genotype).
3) The life span phenotype is not always constant, but can
affected by the environment (phenotypic plasticity).
4) The study of model examples of phenotypic plasticity is
helping us understand complex but fundamental principles
10
of development.
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Figure 1.15 Predator-induced and typical morphs of genetically
identical individuals of Daphnia
transgenerational
Reduced numbers of eggs.
Chapter 3: Co-Development During Symbioses
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POLYPHENISM (?)
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squid with bacteria
squid without bacteria
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metazoan / microbe symbioses
How are microbes acquired/transmitted?
1) acquired from the environment
2) horizontal transmission
3) vertical transmission
How are microbes maintained?
How is host development affected?
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Chapter 3: Symbioses
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
Some of Gilbert’s examples are about environmental
modulation of development and some aren’t.
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Life Cycle Symbioses
pollination
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Plant / fungus symbioses:
Endophytes
Mycorrhizae
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Wolbachia
Bacteria transmitted primarily by being in the cytoplasm of the
egg. Therefore, natural selection favor increasing the proportion
of females:
1)male lethality = less competition for resources
2)males change sex
3)“male” parthenogenesis
4)cytoplasmic incompatibility
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Organisms often form symbioses not just with one microbial species
but with several = microbial consortia.
An oligochaete worm, Olavius algarvensis
No mouth, anus, or gut.
Hosts a sulfur-metabolizing bacterium and three other species.
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Mammalian gut development
introduction to gut environment and biofilms
1) bacteria and blood capillary development
2) GALT = Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue
3) gut bacteria and obesity
(probiotics)
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Mammalian gut development
1) bacteria and blood capillary development
2) GALT = Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue
3) gut bacteria and obesity
(probiotics)
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Mammalian gut development
1) bacteria and blood capillary development
2) GALT = Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue
3) gut bacteria and obesity
(probiotics)
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