Augsburg 1530 to Augsburg 1555
Politics and Reform
Important People: Popes
Popes:
• Leo X (1513-1521)
• Adrian VI (Jan 1522-Sep
1523)
• Clement VII (1523-1534)
• Paul III (1534-1549)
• Julius III (1550-1555)
• Clement VII
Important People:Charles V, Holy Roman
Emperor (r. 1519-1556)
• What were the difficulties that
made it impossible for Charles
to stamp out the Reformation?
– War with France: “Italian Wars”
• Capture of Francis I 1525
– Relationship with papacy
• 1527 Sack of Rome
• Pope’s refusal to call a council
– War with Turks
• Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 15201566)
– 1529, 1532 sieges of Vienna
– Lack of support from princes of
the Empire
• Even Catholic princes refused
support (textbook 224-225)
Diets and Recesses
• Diet of Worms 1519
– Luther placed under imperial
ban
• Refusal to recant
• Demand for national council
• Diet of Speyer, 1526
– Francis I and pope form
alliance
– Turks invade Hungary
– Charles opposes assembly
– Inconclusive result gave
breathing space to
Reformation
• Temporary suspension of Edict
of Worms
• Sources 8.2-8.4
• Diet of Speyer, 1529
– Reinstatement of Edict of
Worms
– “Protestatio” (What were the
Protestants protesting in
1529?)
– Sources 8.5-8.7
• Archduke Ferdinand of Austria
Diet of Augsburg
• Was Charles V working
in good faith to achieve a
reconciliation at the Diet
of Augsburg? How do
you view his actions?
– Source 8.8: Cardinal
Campeggio’s Instructions
– Source 8.10: Eck’s “404
Articles”
– Source 8.13 Cardinal
Campeggo’s Response
• To what extent is there
agreement, and to what
extent difference of
opinion, between the
Augsburg Confession
and the Confutatio?
– Sources 8.12, 8.14
War and (Provisional) Peace
• Schmalkaldic League 1531
– Electoral Saxony: John the
Constant (1525-1532), John
Frederick I (1532-1547)
– Hesse: Philip of Hesse
(1519-1567)
– Ulrich of Wurttemberg
• “Judas of Meissen”
– Trace the developments in
Luther's stance regarding
the use of force to defend
one's faith. (Sources 8.168.19)
• Schmalkaldic War 1546
– Emperor’s defeat of league
at Battle of Muhlberg 1547
• Augsburg Interim
– Some toleration of married
clergy, communion
– Widely unpopular (Source
8.20)
• Peace of Augsburg 1555
– Source 8.21
Charles’ End
• Why did the Emperor
• Evaluate the Peace of
resign? What is your view
Augsburg as a solution.
of him as a ruler and as a
What does it resolve?
person of conscience at
What does it leave
the end of his life?
unresolved?
– Source 8.22