KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
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KEEA/PBI
ENERGY EFFICIENCY 2013
Program Track; Behavioral Change
Tuesday, Oct. 1, 2013 10:45-11:45
Linda Wigington
Linda M. Wigington Associates
lwigington1@outlook.com
www.thousandhomechallenge.org
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
FROM TIPS TO
TRANSFORMATION!
Exploring the power of example
& collective action
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Conclusions
1) The impact of the integration of efficiency,
2)
3)
4)
5)
lifestyle/behavioral choices, renewables is huge
Deep reductions of energy use (~75% or greater) are
attainable in many existing homes/households in PA
High value from redefining what is possible, case
studies, & ongoing feedback
Getting there is simultaneously easier than expected &
elusive
Many implications from deep reduction efforts to
efficiency initiatives, particularly concept of “On the
Path” strategies
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
“FIND YOUR VOICE,
AND INSPIRE OTHERS
TO FIND THEIRS”
Stephen Covey – “The 8th Habit”
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My Paradigm Shift ~2005
• Recognition – accumulation of personal CO2 emissions
• Birth of first grandson
• Rediscovery of Passive House Institute
• Concept of Factor-10 reduction
• Fundamental disconnect – inadequacy of my
personal/professional efforts
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
New Paradigm – New Thinking
• We see only what we perceive as possible
• We often see what we expect to see
• Our assumptions limit our vision (blinders or filters)
• Need a new mental map
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18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
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Net Zero Site Energy
by Nov 2013!
kWh (PV)
(5.5 months)
8,000
kWh
(electricity)
6,000
kWh (oil)
4,000
2,000
0
-2,000
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What Motivates & Supports Behavior
Change & Action?
Dollars & Savings? Or Value & Meaning?
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For Action to Occur
• Recognize the need or opportunity
• Recognize that my actions can make an impact
• Have access to accurate, consistent information
• Have access to resources (financial, technical
expertise, time)
• Receive feedback or incentives
• Have a way to measure progress against a goal
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Thousand Home Challenge (THC)
PURPOSE:
To lay the foundation for transforming
North American homes by demonstrating
the potential for greater than 70% energy
reductions in 1,000 existing homes.
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
What is the Value?
• Demonstrate & Redefine What is Possible
• Through case studies and webinars of deep energy reduction
projects
• Examples of performance-based design, deployment, verification
• Educate & Inspire
• Provide resources for educating homeowners, contractors,
designers, etc.
• Establish aggressive targets for residential energy performance
• Encourage getting on the path to deep energy reductions
• Build Capacity & Champions
• Highlight local, regional, & national expertise
• Stimulate collaboration & innovation
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Older homes
from
New England to
California
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Newer homes
from
Pennsylvania to
California
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Deep Energy Reductions
Integrate energy efficiency with on-site
renewables, behavioral & lifestyle choices, &
community-based solutions
Behavioral
Choices
Efficiency
Renewables
Community
Solutions
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THC Threshold Vs. Actual (kWh)
Annual Net Household Site Energy Use of THC Participants
14,000
12,000
10,000
THC
Allowance
Total
Net Site
kWh/Yr
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
-2,000
-4,000
OH CA OH CA CA CA PA MA CA MA NY NY MA MA MA MN MA ON
Includes PV production; US single family average energy consumption
31,400 kWh (2001 RECS)
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1st Principle
Go beyond energy reductions to make a
value proposition
Integrated solutions needed!
•
Increased resilience, adaptability
•
Decreased peak, water use
•
Improved house durability & viability
•
Improved comfort & IAQ
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HANDOUT
Home Owner Priorities
• Clarifying the Value Proposition
• Ranking Priorities
• Team Communication
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2nd Principle
A performance target can be a
powerful & useful determinant of
energy use if it is:
• Transparent - logical - fair
• Easily tracked & verified
• Meaningful to the participants
• Within participants’ field of influence
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THC Option B Allowance (kWh/yr)
by Ft2 & Occupants (1 or 3) (rounded)
NOTE: 7,500 kWh = 25 MMBtu, or ~250
therms of natural gas
NOTE: 7,500 kWh
= 25 MMBtu
INPUTS: detached, fossil or wood heat, finished floor area (FFA), not
conditioned floor area (CFA)
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
3rd Principle
Rapid feedback is critical
• Anticipate
• Set targets
• Zoom in as needed
• Compare against targets
• Track
• Adjust
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Thousand Home Challenge
Case Studies
For Complete Case Studies…
www.ThousandHomeChallenge.org
Check back frequently – website is being updated
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Thousand Home Challenge
Insights from Early Returns
1) Maintain & continue efforts to go deeper
2) Broad sustainability goals
3) High commitment to learn & share
4) Some technologies (e.g. ductless heat pumps) enhance
impact of lifestyle choices
5) Huge variety of costs & strategies
ACI 13 Conference May 2, 2013
Added DHP Jan 2011;
also took steps to reduce
electric baseload
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How Can Your Initiative
Create Champions…
& Support Behavior
Change?
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How Does Your Program View
Occupants?
• From Liability to Resource?
• From Transaction to Key Account?
• From Client to Partner?
• From Curmudgeon to Champion?
Additional opportunities: Case studies,
testimonials, recognition, engage as volunteers or
hire.
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Which is the Missing Link?
For Action to Occur
• Recognize the need or opportunity
• Recognize that my actions can make an impact
• Have access to accurate, consistent information
• Have access to resources (financial, technical
expertise, time)
• Receive feedback or incentives
• Have a way to measure progress against a goal
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Resources
Garrison Institute: Climate Mind & Behavior Program
https://www.garrisoninstitute.org/2013-09-16-15-3923/cmb-video-presentations/cmb-video-2013
Three Annual Symposiums (Garrison, NY) – by invitation
only
• Climate, Mind & Behavior Symposium
• Climate, Cities & Behavior
• Climate, Buildings & Behavior
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Resources
The 2013 Behavior, Energy and Climate Change
Conference (BECC) http://beccconference.org/
• November 18 - 20, 2013
Sacramento, CA
• A conference focused on understanding the behavior
and decision-making of individuals and organizations and
on using that knowledge to accelerate our transition to
an energy-efficient and low-carbon future.
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Resources
• Precourt Energy Efficiency Center – Stanford
University
• http://peec.stanford.edu/behavior/
• This interdisciplinary, solutions-oriented website
centralizes key behavioral science resources relevant
to accelerating the adoption and sustained use of
energy-efficient technologies and climate-positive
actions by individuals, groups, and organizations
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
Occupants Matter!
Nearly identical homes re construction and renewables
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KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
FIND YOUR VOICE,
AND INSPIRE OTHERS
TO FIND THEIRS
Stephen Covey – “The 8th Habit”
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Feedback, Case Studies,
& Projects Welcome!
Linda Wigington
724-852-3085
lwigington1@outlook.com
www.1000HomeChallenge.org
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Additional Information on the
1000 Home Challenge
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Each household has a customized energy
allowance to meet or exceed.
Key Metric
Transparent & Direct
Include Occupants
Net Annual Household Site Energy
Credits/offsets: Solar & on-site renewables
Wood counts (not excluded from energy use)!
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Two Options for Qualifying
Meet or Exceed a Customized
Household Energy (Site) Allowance
OPTION A
OPTION B
Relative, 75% reduction
Absolute, not relative
From recent, measured,
verifiable baseline
Reflects weather, house
size, # of occupants,
heating source, attached
vs. detached
GOAL: Fair & challenging to all!
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THC Allowance Calculator
Spreadsheet
• www.1000HomeChallenge.org
• http://thousandhomechallenge.com/sites/thousandhomechallenge.com/files/user-
files/thc_threshold_calculator_v_1_3_mod3.xls
Energy Conversions (site energy)
•
•
•
•
•
~30 kWh = 1 therm natural gas
~40 kWh = 1 gallon of #2 oil
7,500 kWh = 25 MMBtu
7,500 kWh = 250 therms
7,500 kWh = 180 gallons/#2 oil
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Energy Use Terms
• kWh/yr. does not refer only to electrical
energy use
• In the Thousand Home Challenge & case
studies, household energy use is converted to
kWh site energy
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KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
THC REDUCTION MATRIX
ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD kWh
(Pre, Post, & Allowance)
Loads
Proposed Usage Reductions - kWh/yr
Pre-use
(breakout
may be
estimated)
(kWh/yr)
Targetuse
THC Allowance
(kWh/yr)
(kWh/yr)
Efficiency
Building
Equipment
Behavior
Renewables
Choice
Reductions
On-site
Generation
Community
Solutions
Heating
Cooling
Hot Water
All Else
Total
66,642
Starting Place – Your annual energy use
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KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
THC REDUCTION MATRIX
ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD kWh
(Pre, Post, & Allowance)
Loads
Proposed Usage Reductions - kWh/yr
Pre-use
(breakout
may be
estimated)
(kWh/yr)
Heating
Hot Water
All Else
Total
6,000
THC Allowance
(kWh/yr)
(kWh/yr)
Efficiency
Building
Equipment
Behavior
Renewables
Choice
Reductions
On-site
Generation
Community
Solutions
48,781
Cooling
Targetuse
Break out by use or fuel
6,000
66,642
1,200 gallons of oil = 48,781 kWh
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KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
THC REDUCTION MATRIX
ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD kWh
(Pre, Post, & Allowance)
Loads
Proposed Usage Reductions - kWh/yr
Pre-use
(breakout
may be
estimated)
(kWh/yr)
Heating
Targetuse
THC Allowance
(kWh/yr)
(kWh/yr)
Efficiency
Building
Equipment
Behavior
Renewables
Choice
Reductions
On-site
Generation
Community
Solutions
48,781
3,375
6,000
2,229
6,000
2,160
Cooling
Hot Water
All Else
Total
66,642
Enter THC Threshold
OPTION B THC Threshold Assuming Electric Heat,
7,764
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KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
THC REDUCTION MATRIX
ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD kWh
(Pre, Post, & Allowance)
Loads
Proposed Usage Reductions - kWh/yr
Pre-use
(breakout
may be
estimated)
(kWh/yr)
Heating
Targetuse
THC Allowance
(kWh/yr)
(kWh/yr)
Efficiency
Building
Equipment
Behavior
Renewables
Choice
Reductions
On-site
Generation
Community
Solutions
48,781
3,375
6,000
2,229
6,000
2,160
Cooling
Hot Water
All Else
Total
66,642
Many ways to get
from here to there!
7,170
.
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Behavioral Choices
Exploration, Not Simplification
• Process focused; household level
• Examine assumptions & boundaries
• Explore new paths to meeting needs
• Social networks, goal setting, information, feedback,
aggregation, benchmarking
Thousand Home Challenge
CRITERIA
• Defines deep reductions
• Accelerate innovation
• Information exchange – lessons learned
• Support climate champions
• Focus – complementary, not competition
• Potential catalyst - projects, partners, &
programs
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Essential Principles
1) Go for the 2-fers and 3-fers
2) Get the Signals Straight
3) What is On the Path?
4) It Is Not Just About Energy - Collaborate
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Thousand Home Challenge Pilot
Project Summary (4-29-2013)
Active Projects, All Phases
(83)
Rest of US & CAN
Meet THC Threshold
(No App Yet or In Review)
(21)
California
Massachusetts
Officially Meet THC
(18)
Official THC Candidates
(Project In Progress)
(9)
0
10
20
30
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50
60
70
80
90
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Thousand Home Challenge
CRITERIA
• Defines deep reductions
• Accelerate innovation
• Information exchange – lessons learned
• Support climate champions
• Focus – complementary, not competition
• Potential catalyst - projects, partners, &
programs
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
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THC Option B Allowance (kWh/yr)
by Household Size
10,000
8,000
occupant
NOTE: 7,500 kWh =1 25
MMBtu, or ~250
therms of natural3gas
occupants
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
SAN DIEGO, CA
HOUSTON, TX
NEW YORK, NY BURLINGTON, VT
OPTION B INPUTS: Detached, fossil or wood heat, 1,200 ft2 finished floor area (FFA), not
conditioned floor area (CFA)
US single family average energy consumption 31,400 kWh (201 RECS)
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OPTION B THRESHOLD ALLOWANCE
kWh/Ft2 (net site energy)
BURLINGTON, VT
NEW YORK, NY
HOUSTON, TX
1,200 Ft2
(3 occ)
SAN DIEGO, CA
Range of 7.5 in
kWh/Ft2
3,600 Ft2
(3 occ)
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
Assumptions: fossil/wood heat; single-family detached
October
EUI (KBtu/Ft2 = kWh/Ft2 * 3.412); USKEEA/PBI
res. avg.
EUI1, 2013
is 44.8 KBtu/Ft2
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OPTION B THRESHOLD ALLOWANCE
kWh/Ft2 (net site energy)
So, What??
1,200 Ft2
(3 occ)
THC threshold has
profound implications as a
customized, meaningful
deep reduction target that
is not biased by house
size!!
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
3,600 Ft2
(3 occ)
0.00
5.00
10.00
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Asset Rating
• Represents the energy efficiency of the building (the
asset) under standardized conditions of weather
and internal environment. The rating takes into
consideration construction, U values of the windows,
doors, floors, ventilation levels, lighting systems, etc.
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Operational Rating
. . . is based on actual energy use. It is a measure
of the energy performance of the ‘‘asset’’
when a particular occupant uses it. The rating
would usually be based on the energy bills for
the building rather than on a survey or plans.
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When Operational
Performance ≠
Asset Performance
What Can Go Wrong?
Technical?
Behavioral?
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Behavioral Choices
Exploration, Not Simplification
•
•
•
•
Process focused; household level
Examine assumptions & boundaries
Explore new paths to meeting needs
Social networks, goal setting, information,
feedback, aggregation, benchmarking
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The Lutz Passive House
Inspired Retrofit (Urbana, OH)
Total Household Energy Use/Day (kWh)
Goal: 90% reduction in
heating energy
Sept
Aug
July
June
May
Apr
Mar
Feb
Jan
Dec
Nov
Oct
Post
Pre
Comparing 2008-09 & 2009-10
NOTE: 2008 winter interior: ~63° F
2009 winter interior: ~50°-55° F
0.0
20.0
40.0
kWh/Day
60.0
KEEA/PBI
Case Study - www.ThousandHomeChallenge.org
Insulated six sides, new door & windows, added
mechanical ventilation
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Project Highlights
Insulate all six sides of a small home to achieve higher
performance than most believe is possible
R-25 added to floor
R-40 added to walls
Final: 200 CFM50
Isolated crawl space
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Total Household
Monthly Energy Use
(Comparing kWh/Month)
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Pre Period: 9/15/08-9/14/09
Post Period: 9/15/09-9/14/10
NOTE:
Pre to Post Heating Use
89% Reduction
(Technical & Behavioral)
PRE
POST
Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
2008 winter interior temperature
~ 63° F
KEEA/PBI October 1, 2013
2009 winter interior temperature ~ 50°–55° F
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Winter (Creative) Comfort
• Creative Comfort
– Psychological – the satisfaction of reducing fossil fuel consumption, of
increasing awareness in my community - it is the right thing to do!
– Physical – regard the reduced temperature not as a hardship, but
rather as an adaptation, such as wearing extra clothes
– In my view [Ward Lutz], psychological comfort trumps physical
adaptation
• Temperature Settings
– Pre-retrofit 63˚ F (thermostat)
– Post-retrofit 50˚-55˚ F (turn on electric space heater when needed)
• NOTE: Ductless heat pump installed 2/2011
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Pre Period: 9/15/08-9/14/09
Post Period: 9/15/09-9/14/10
NOTE: Pre to Post Heating Use – 89% Reduction (Technical & Behavioral)
THC Threshold (OPTION B) Inputs : 5,880 Degree Days; 576 Ft 2 FFA, Single
KEEA/PBI Heat
October 1, 2013
Family Detached; 1 Occupant; Electric
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Possible Tools/Processes for
Energy Initiatives
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Identify occupants’ needs & concerns
Apply segmentation to customize service & offerings
Apply commitment process
Interpret utility bills/benchmark
Offer feedback devices
Use low energy homes or high savers as mentors
Ongoing communication (virtual community & social
marketing)
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